South Korea’s protest culture has transformed from structured, ideological movements into decentralized, humor-driven demonstrations shaped by digital platforms. This shift, propelled by younger generations, enables greater inclusivity and rapid mobilization but raises concerns about long-term impact and leadership.

The contrast between past and present protests was especially evident in the backlash against President Yoon Suk-yeol’s martial law declaration, where satire and digital coordination played a crucial role in mobilization.

FROM STRUCTURE TO SPONTANEITY

During South Korea’s authoritarian past, protests were highly organized, often led by student political groups such as the National College Students’ Council and the Korean