South Korean lawmakers have proposed nine bills in recent weeks to update the country’s espionage laws, following a series of high-profile cases that have exposed major loopholes.

However, some of the proposed changes risk criminalizing legitimate activities and infringing on business and individual freedoms, underscoring the difficulty of addressing evolving threats in a democratic society.

The proposed amendments come on the heels of the FBI’s indictment of Sue Mi Terry, a Korean American scholar and former CIA officer who allegedly collaborated with South Korean intelligence officials to influence U.S. policies without registering as a foreign agent.

In another recent case,