Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has posed difficult questions to South Korea over the last year, forcing Seoul to make decisions about how forcefully to condemn Moscow’s actions and whether to provide direct military support to Kyiv.

Economic problems have only complicated these diplomatic considerations, as the ROK has grappled with the war’s effect on energy prices and its economic ties with Russia.

In the short term, South Korea must manage the impact of rising energy prices on domestic productivity and its ability to maintain exports.

But in the long run, the war in Ukraine presents a more comprehensive challenge to