In recent months, decoupling — or reducing dependence on other countries — has been a much-talked-about activity for South Korean lawmakers. The Chip 4 alliance, with which South Korea is now involved, is a prime example, as well as the continuation of Trump-era protectionism codified in the Inflation Reduction Act that creates new barriers for South Korean and other foreign automakers.

Chinese leader Xi Jinping, meanwhile, emphasized the importance of self-sufficiency and economic independence at China’s latest party congress, raising new questions about the long-term growth prospects for Seoul’s largest trading partner and, in turn, the South Korean economy.