{"id":2207464,"date":"2024-12-09T19:01:02","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T10:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2207464"},"modified":"2024-12-10T14:18:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-10T05:18:48","slug":"martial-law-erodes-trust-in-south-koreas-president-and-democratic-institutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/12\/martial-law-erodes-trust-in-south-koreas-president-and-democratic-institutions\/","title":{"rendered":"Martial law erodes trust in South Korea\u2019s president and democratic institutions"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol briefly imposed <\/span>martial law<\/span><\/a> on Dec. 3, deploying troops to the National Assembly before reversing the order hours later amid widespread public and legislative backlash.<\/span><\/p>\n

This unprecedented move, the country\u2019s first martial law declaration since Chun Doo-hwan\u2019s authoritarian regime in 1979, has drawn intense criticism, raising questions about Yoon\u2019s motives and the legality of his actions.<\/span><\/p>\n

While Yoon cited legislative paralysis and budgetary disputes with the opposition Democratic Party (DP) as justification, legal experts and political commentators argue the decision lacked constitutional grounds and threatens South Korea\u2019s democratic institutions. The fallout from the incident is likely to have far-reaching political and legal consequences.<\/span><\/p>\n

MARTIAL LAW DECLARATION<\/b><\/p>\n

In a televised address on the evening of Dec. 3, Yoon declared a state of emergency and martial law, accusing the DP of creating a \u201cconstitutional crisis.\u201d He claimed that the opposition party\u2019s impeachment motions and budget cuts were paralyzing government operations and jeopardizing national security.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon pointed to the DP\u2019s decision to slash funding for public safety, disaster response and military salaries as evidence of a concerted effort to undermine his administration. He described these cuts as \u201cbudget impeachment,\u201d accusing the DP of weaponizing the legislative process.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP <\/span>passed<\/span><\/a> a revised budget on Nov. 29, cutting $48.3 million (67.8 billion won) allocated to prosecutors, police and the Board of Audit and Inspection, as well as $5.7 million (8.2 billion won) for the presidential office. The revised plan also halved the emergency reserve fund to $1.7 billion (2.4 trillion won) and reduced the government\u2019s overall budget proposal by $2.9 billion (4.1 trillion won).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Lawmakers’ aides and citizens try to stop martial law troops from entering the National Assembly building, Dec. 3, 2024 | Image: Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung via Twitter<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SHOWDOWN<\/b><\/p>\n

Shortly after Yoon\u2019s announcement, military forces surrounded the National Assembly, deploying helicopters and special units. Inside, 190 lawmakers convened an emergency session and unanimously voted to nullify the martial law declaration.<\/span><\/p>\n

Special forces broke into the National Assembly and clashed with parliamentary staff and citizens attempting to block their entry, but the confrontation ended when Yoon rescinded the order three hours later in response to the Assembly\u2019s vote.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a brief <\/span>statement<\/span><\/a> on Saturday, Yoon apologized for the \u201cconcerns and inconvenience\u201d caused by the declaration, calling it an act of \u201cdesperation.\u201d He maintained, however, that the measure was necessary to protect the country\u2019s constitutional order.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP immediately called for Yoon\u2019s impeachment, but a vote failed to reach quorum on Saturday after the ruling People Power Party (PPP) boycotted proceedings. Opposition lawmakers have vowed to press forward with impeachment efforts weekly if necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

National Assembly Speaker Woo Won-shik inspects the National Assembly’s windows that were smashed by martial law troops, Dec. 4, 2024 | Image: ROK National Assembly Speaker’s Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CRITICISM<\/b><\/p>\n

Legal scholars have strongly criticized Yoon\u2019s declaration, arguing it violates the constitutional framework governing martial law. <\/span>Article 77<\/span><\/a> of the ROK Constitution permits martial law only in cases of war, rebellion or treason \u2014 not political disputes or institutional dysfunction.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jang Yong-geun, a constitutional law professor at Hongik University, noted that while the DP\u2019s budget cuts and impeachment motions may be problematic, they must be addressed through legal channels such as the Constitutional Court.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMartial law fundamentally misinterprets the scope of Article 77,\u201d Jang said, emphasizing that it is not designed to resolve internal disputes between state institutions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jang also highlighted Yoon\u2019s failure to notify the National Assembly as a key procedural violation, opening the door for impeachment. The ROK Constitution explicitly grants the legislature the authority to demand the lifting of martial law, and Jang highlighted the importance of this parliamentary safeguard, recalling past authoritarian abuses under Chun Doo-hwan\u2019s regime.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho Jin-man, a professor of political science at Duksung Women\u2019s University, called the martial law declaration \u201cincomprehensible\u201d and criticized its procedural flaws.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cQuick decisions by the Constitutional Court, transparency and regaining public trust are the proper solutions. Not martial law,\u201d Cho said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

DP leader Lee Jae-myung and other DP lawmakers stand in front of the National Assembly gates, Dec. 7, 2024 | Image: Democratic Party of Korea<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS<\/b><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s martial law declaration has drawn sharp criticism from across the political spectrum. Conservative newspaper <\/span>Chosun Ilbo<\/span><\/i> described<\/span><\/a> Yoon\u2019s decision as \u201cirrational, emotional and impulsive,\u201d while the liberal <\/span>Kyunghyang Sinmun<\/span><\/i> called<\/span><\/a> it \u201cpolitical suicide.\u201d <\/span>Hankyoreh<\/span><\/i>, another liberal newspaper, even accused the president of having \u201cpsychological\u201d problems.<\/span><\/p>\n

Political commentators have floated various theories about Yoon\u2019s motives. Park Seong-min, speaking on <\/span>CBS Radio<\/span><\/i><\/a>, suggested the declaration may have been a deliberate shock tactic aimed at forcing the DP to reconsider its impeachment actions aimed at prosecutors and the state auditor and budget negotiation tactics. He argued that Yoon may have sought to demonstrate his willingness to use emergency powers as leverage rather than intending to maintain martial law.<\/span><\/p>\n

Senior DP lawmaker Kim Min-seok <\/span>speculated<\/span><\/a> that Yoon\u2019s actions were driven by a desire to block investigations into his wife, calling his determination \u201cobsessive\u201d and questioning his ability to exercise sound judgment.<\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile, public backlash against Yoon has been swift and severe. A joint poll with Gallup Korea and <\/span>Kookmin Ilbo<\/span><\/i> newspaper reported Monday that his approval rating had dropped to a record low <\/span>11%<\/span><\/a>, an eight-point drop since the <\/span>last week of November<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP has called for daily protests outside the National Assembly to pressure PPP lawmakers into supporting impeachment.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the DP faces significant obstacles in securing the necessary votes. With the PPP boycotting proceedings, the opposition still lacks the numbers to meet the quorum for impeachment as it did on Saturday.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Koreans demonstrate at the National Assembly calling for Yoon’s impeachment, Dec. 7, 2024 | Image: Korea Pro<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

FUTURE CHALLENGES<\/b><\/p>\n

The fallout from Yoon\u2019s martial law declaration has exposed deeper systemic vulnerabilities in South Korea\u2019s democracy. Cho of Duksung Women\u2019s University noted that South Korea has now faced two serious impeachment crises in recent years, suggesting that the country\u2019s 1987 Constitution may require reforms.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho called for immediate investigations and transparent documentation of the events surrounding the martial law declaration, warning that public trust in the government would continue to erode without clear explanations from officials.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe public\u2019s trust in the president and government\u2019s capacity for normal governance has been severely undermined,\u201d Cho told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cIn a democracy, no government or politician can survive without public support, and the president\u2019s decisions on Dec. 3 and the following days have likely alienated many citizens.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Jang of Hongik University warned that Yoon\u2019s actions undermined the rule of law and could backfire politically by eroding public confidence in the administration.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis goes beyond typical political disputes. When a president with legal training bypasses fundamental constitutional safeguards, it represents a serious threat to democratic institutions,\u201d Jang emphasized, suggesting that both political and legal accountability for Yoon would be difficult to avoid.<\/span><\/p>\n

The implications of Yoon\u2019s actions extend beyond domestic politics. The mass resignation of Yoon\u2019s Cabinet following his martial law declaration has further deepened the crisis. Observers note that even if these resignations are not approved, finding replacements may be challenging. This could damage South Korea\u2019s international reputation and strain its democratic institutions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s brief but dramatic declaration of martial law has thrust South Korea into uncharted territory, raising serious questions about the balance of power and the resilience of its democratic institutions.<\/span><\/p>\n

With the PPP refusing to vote to impeach Yoon so far, pushing instead for an undefined \u201corderly exit\u201d for Yoon, it remains doubtful that South Korea\u2019s political turmoil will end soon.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol briefly imposed martial law on Dec. 3, deploying troops to the National Assembly before reversing the order hours later amid widespread public and legislative backlash. 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