{"id":2207263,"date":"2024-11-26T17:17:34","date_gmt":"2024-11-26T08:17:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2207263"},"modified":"2024-11-26T17:17:34","modified_gmt":"2024-11-26T08:17:34","slug":"south-korea-japan-dispute-over-sado-mine-casts-shadow-over-bilateral-ties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/11\/south-korea-japan-dispute-over-sado-mine-casts-shadow-over-bilateral-ties\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea-Japan dispute over Sado mine casts shadow over bilateral ties"},"content":{"rendered":"

A diplomatic rift over a Japanese memorial service for Korean forced labor victims at the Sado gold mine has underscored the fragility of South Korea-Japan relations, dampening optimism in Seoul about Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba\u2019s leadership and threatening fledgling bilateral cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n

The controversy stems from a <\/span>deal<\/span><\/a> that the two countries reached in July, under which Seoul agreed to support Japan\u2019s bid to have the centuries-old mine inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in return for a commitment from Tokyo to acknowledge the history of Korean forced labor at the mine.<\/span><\/p>\n

But Japan\u2019s decision to send a senior official with a history of visiting a controversial shrine to the ceremony drew South Korean criticism and led Seoul to forgo attending the event, instead holding its own memorial service to honor the victims.<\/span><\/p>\n

The dispute comes at a critical juncture for South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol\u2019s push for bilateral reconciliation, as Ishiba\u2019s rise to power and the reelection of Donald Trump fuel uncertainty about the future of the East Asian neighbors\u2019 efforts to set aside historical tensions to cooperate against threats from North Korea and China.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that domestic political constraints on the Ishiba administration will continue to strain bilateral ties, as the new Japanese leader will rely on the support of conservative factions that push a hardline stance on historical disputes.<\/span><\/p>\n

But they said the upcoming 60th anniversary of bilateral ties provides an opportunity for Seoul and Tokyo to prioritize strategic diplomacy and mutual compromises to salvage their pragmatic engagement against shared challenges, while cautioning that they will need to balance this against demands for historical justice.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

The Sado mine in Nov. 2014 (left), Park Cheol-hee, South Korea’s ambassador to Japan, pays his respects to victims of forced labor at the mine during the ROK government’s separate memorial service on Nov. 26, 2024 (right) | Image: amaknow via Flickr<\/a> (CC BY 2.0<\/a>), ROK Foreign Ministry<\/a>, edited by Korea Pro<\/p><\/div>\n

SADO MEMORIAL SERVICE<\/b><\/p>\n

UNESCO <\/span>designated<\/span><\/a> Japan\u2019s Sado Mine as a World Heritage Site earlier this year, and the details of how Tokyo would commemorate the history of Korean forced labor at the mine during the Japanese colonial rule has since been a flashpoint in the two countries\u2019 ties.<\/span><\/p>\n

The recent dispute began with Japan\u2019s decision to send Akiko Ikuina, a parliamentary vice foreign minister, as its representative tofor the memorial ceremony.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korean officials objected that this was\u00a0 incompatible with the event\u2019s purpose of commemorating victims of forced labor, citing Ikuina\u2019s visits to the controversial Yasukuni Shrine that honors Class-A war criminals among other Japanese war dead. Seoul also urged Japan to include explicit expressions of mourning and acknowledgment of the suffering endured by Korean laborers.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Tokyo declined Seoul\u2019s formal request to replace Ikuina, leading South Korea to boycott the Japan-led memorial on Sunday. At the event, Ikuina <\/span>reportedly<\/span><\/a> acknowledged the \u201cdangerous and harsh conditions\u201d faced by laborers but avoided addressing coercion or issuing an apology.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In response, South Korea held its own memorial ceremony on <\/span>Monday<\/span><\/a>, asserting that Japan\u2019s event failed to align with the intended purpose of honoring forced labor victims.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tokyo\u2019s Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi <\/span>called<\/span><\/a> Seoul\u2019s decision to not skip the Japanese ceremony \u201cregrettable,\u201d arguing that Japan maintained \u201crespectful communication\u201d with the South Korean government.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul responded with its own statement of \u201cregret\u201d on Tuesday, emphasizing the importance of ensuring that the issue does not escalate into unnecessary conflict. It urged close communication between the two nations to manage the matter as an isolated issue.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s ruling People Power Party (PPP) <\/span>supported<\/span><\/a> the government\u2019s stance, emphasizing the importance of balancing national interests with a principled diplomatic approach.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt is regrettable that Korea\u2019s demands on this sensitive issue were not fully acknowledged,\u201d PPP floor leader Choo Kyung-ho said on <\/span>Monday<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

He added that it is essential for Japan to acknowledge Korean victims and issue a clear apology for its colonial past to build a future-oriented relationship, arguing for the need to preserve improved ties fostered under President Yoon.<\/span><\/p>\n

But South Korea\u2019s main opposition has pounced on the issue to criticize not just Tokyo but Yoon\u2019s policy toward Japan, with Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung <\/span>calling<\/span><\/a> the memorial spat \u201cthe worst diplomatic disaster since liberation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba<\/span> and his cabinet on Nov. 11 | Image: Prime Minister’s Office of Japan<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

UNRESOLVED HISTORIES<\/b><\/p>\n

The controversy over the Sado mine memorial has underscored the unresolved historical issues that continue to cast a shadow over ROK-Japan relations, as many South Koreans maintain that Japan has not fully atoned for its imperial past.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since Ishiba\u2019s election in September, South Korean <\/span>media<\/span><\/a> has often portrayed the new prime minister as a moderate voice on Japan\u2019s wartime legacy and colonial past compared to his predecessors. Some <\/span>outlets<\/span><\/a> even labeled him a \u201cdove,\u201d suggesting his leadership might pave the way for constructive dialogue on longstanding historical disputes.<\/span><\/p>\n

But despite <\/span>abstaining<\/span><\/a> from visiting the Yasukuni Shrine prior to taking office, Ishiba and his cabinet sent ritual offerings during Japan\u2019s autumn festival on <\/span>Oct. 17<\/span><\/a>, prompting South Korea\u2019s foreign ministry to issue a statement of \u201cdeep regret.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The Sado mine controversy has added fuel to the fire and called into question the assumption that Ishiba would be more willing to recognize Seoul\u2019s concerns.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that these incidents highlight the challenges Ishiba faces in reconciling his moderate reputation with the realities of Japan\u2019s political constraints.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cHis administration is significantly influenced by the bureaucratic establishment and conservative factions within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP),\u201d explained Yuji Hosaka, a professor at Sejong University\u2019s Daeyang Humanity College.<\/span><\/p>\n

The expert pointed to the powerful Abe-aligned faction within the LDP, which has historically sought to downplay Japan\u2019s colonial past, and said it poses a key obstacle to Ishiba\u2019s attempts to adopt a softer stance on historical disputes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba is designated at Japan’s House of Representatives and the House of Councillors on Nov. 11, 2024 | Image: Prime Minister’s Office of Japan<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Adding to his challenges, Ishiba only <\/span>narrowly<\/span><\/a> preserved his position as prime minister in a parliamentary runoff in <\/span>October<\/span><\/a>, when his party lost its majority in lower house elections for the first time since 2009.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hosaka suggested that Ishiba\u2019s recent appointments of officials linked to conservative factions may be aimed at placating internal opposition, even if it risks straining relations with South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee Myon Woo, a senior research fellow at the Sejong Institute\u2019s Center for Diplomatic Strategy, echoed this perspective.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhile Ishiba may personally favor a more flexible approach to historical disputes, as prime minister, he will feel pressured to operate within Japan\u2019s established policy framework,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee added that doubts remain in Japan about South Korea\u2019s reliability as a diplomatic partner, particularly if there is a leadership change in Seoul.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon has sought to improve ties with Japan and strengthen U.S.-South Korea-Japan trilateral cooperation amid heightened tensions with North Korea, Russia and China. But he remains widely unpopular, exemplified by an approval rating that has recently fluctuated near <\/span>20%<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon has also staked significant political capital on his controversial \u201cThird Party Reimbursement Plan\u201d unveiled in <\/span>March 2023<\/span><\/a>, which seeks to collect funds from ROK companies to compensate victims of Japanese colonial rule.<\/span><\/p>\n

But polls showed approximately <\/span>60%<\/span><\/a> of South Koreans oppose the plan, while the opposition Democratic Party denounced it as \u201csubmissive diplomacy.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol and Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba shake hands before their meeting during the ASEAN summit in Laos on Oct. 10, 2024 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

THE NEED FOR IMPROVED COMMUNICATION<\/b><\/p>\n

Experts say Japan will need to take reciprocal measures to match Yoon\u2019s efforts to improve ties, particularly as he has staked significant political capital on the move, while emphasizing the need for greater communication between the two sides.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cJapan seeks to manage its differences with South Korea without fundamentally altering its historical narrative,\u201d Lee said, arguing that this approach is unlikely to yield lasting improvements.<\/span><\/p>\n

The expert stressed that consistent diplomatic engagement will also be critical to overcoming misunderstandings.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cImproved communication between foreign ministries could help prevent unnecessary friction and ensure smoother coordination,\u201d he said, adding that Japan understands the strategic necessity of maintaining positive relations with South Korea to counter shared challenges like North Korea and China.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hosaka agreed, noting that the Ishiba administration\u2019s pragmatic stance leaves room for dialogue and adjustment, unlike more ideologically driven governments.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, he cautioned that mistakes on both sides, including rushed discussions on sensitive issues like the Sado mine, underscore the need for more deliberate negotiations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFrom South Korea\u2019s perspective, it is important not to make agreements that may appear advantageous to us but arouse suspicions in Japan,\u201d Hosaka told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee called for an approach that seeks to address historical grievances while fostering long-term reconciliation, suggesting that younger generations in both nations could play a key role in reshaping perceptions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

A U.S. F-35 fighter jet forms the centerpiece of an air formation of two South Korean F-15K fighter jets (left) and two Japanese F-2 fighters (right) during the trilateral Freedom Edge drills in waters south of the ROK\u2019s Jeju Island on Nov. 13 | Image: ROK Joint Chiefs of Staff<\/p><\/div>\n

Meanwhile, Hosaka warned that repeated failures to reach agreements could harm South Korea\u2019s diplomatic credibility, stressing the need for a forward-looking approach, noting the upcoming 60th anniversary of diplomatic ties in 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe anniversary offers an opportunity to revisit and build on the historical foundations of Korea-Japan relations,\u201d he said. \u201cBoth sides must engage in discussions with sincerity and foresight, avoiding actions that could destabilize the relationship.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The ROK-Japan relationship will also intersect with broader developments like trilateral security cooperation with the U.S. Since the Camp David summit in Aug. 2023, the three countries have redoubled their military ties under a <\/span>Trilateral Security Cooperation Framework<\/span><\/a>, including holding air and sea drills to enhance interoperability.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Hosaka warned that both historical tensions and the return of Donald Trump could disrupt these efforts, emphasizing the need for proactive dialogue between Seoul and Tokyo to avoid further diplomatic missteps after the Sado mine controversy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere is still space for dialogue and negotiation, but firm balance on advocacy for historical justice and security cooperation is needed to move forward together,\u201d the expert said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by Bryan Betts<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A diplomatic rift over a Japanese memorial service for Korean forced labor victims at the Sado gold mine has underscored the fragility of South Korea-Japan relations, dampening optimism in Seoul about Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba\u2019s leadership and threatening fledgling bilateral cooperation. The controversy stems from a deal that the two countries reached in July, under […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10909,"featured_media":2207274,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,27,28],"class_list":["post-2207263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-defense-security","tag-domestic-politics","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea-Japan dispute over Sado mine casts shadow over bilateral ties - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/11\/south-korea-japan-dispute-over-sado-mine-casts-shadow-over-bilateral-ties\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea-Japan dispute over Sado mine casts shadow over bilateral ties - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A diplomatic rift over a Japanese memorial service for Korean forced labor victims at the Sado gold mine has underscored the fragility of South Korea-Japan relations, dampening optimism in Seoul about Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba\u2019s leadership and threatening fledgling bilateral cooperation. 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