{"id":2207129,"date":"2024-11-13T17:28:20","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T08:28:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2207129"},"modified":"2024-11-14T18:34:00","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T09:34:00","slug":"how-pro-russian-hackers-took-down-south-korea-websites-over-support-for-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/11\/how-pro-russian-hackers-took-down-south-korea-websites-over-support-for-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"How pro-Russian hackers took down South Korea websites over support for Ukraine"},"content":{"rendered":"

A series of coordinated cyberattacks by a pro-Russian coalition has left South Korea\u2019s web infrastructure reeling this month, after politically motivated hacktivists across the world banded together to oppose Seoul\u2019s <\/span>support for Ukraine<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The campaign came to light in South Korea after the pro-Russian hacktivist collective NoName057(16) <\/span>took down<\/span><\/a> the websites of the defense ministry and other government agencies, though initially it was <\/span>unclear<\/span><\/a> whether North Korea or Russia was behind the attacks.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amid reports of <\/span>government websites<\/span><\/a> going offline and <\/span>farm machines<\/span><\/a> mysteriously <\/span>coming online<\/span><\/a>, the ROK presidential office eventually <\/span>acknowledged<\/span><\/a> that pro-Russian groups were responsible for the distributed denial of service (DDoS) campaign, in which attackers overwhelmed target websites by flooding them with internet traffic<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul stated that the attacks left \u201cno significant damage\u201d beyond hampering access to some websites, but the campaign seemingly exposed vulnerabilities in South Korea\u2019s web infrastructure, which has been taken down by other DDoS campaigns in the past.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, cybersecurity experts say that the latest DDoS campaign targeting South Korea is fundamentally a matter of scale rather than technical sophistication, and the most Seoul can do is bolster its digital infrastructure to limit the damage from future attacks.<\/span><\/p>\n

COORDINATED CAMPAIGN<\/b><\/p>\n

NoName057(16) kicked off a large-scale DDoS campaign against South Korea last Monday in response to foreign minister Cho Tae-yul <\/span>suggesting<\/span><\/a> that the ROK may review its stance on supplying weapons to Ukraine after North Korea deployed troops to aid Russia\u2019s war efforts.<\/span><\/p>\n

The group\u2019s Telegram <\/span>announcement<\/span><\/a> warned South Korea\u2019s \u201cRussophobic authorities\u201d against supplying arms to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky\u2019s \u201cmilitants\u201d and published an initial list of websites taken offline, including the ROK National Assembly, national rail service Korail and the Seoul city government.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In the following days, the group took down dozens of other websites of South Korean government bodies, critical infrastructure and public-facing services.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

NoName057(16) announced DDoS attacks against several ROK government websites and public services | Image: NoName057(16) (English version) via Telegram<\/a> (Nov. 4, 2024), edited by Korea Pro<\/p><\/div>\n

However, it wasn\u2019t just NoName057(16) and its legion of over 82,000 subscribers who overwhelmed South Korean websites with internet traffic, as several other hacktivist groups joined its call for action.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some of these, including the People\u2019s Cyber Army of Russia and Z-Pentest, share NoName057(16)\u2019s pro-Russia stance, but others like Indonesia\u2019s Alligator Black Hat and the pro-Palestinian group Alixsec have different areas of focus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Over the past week, this varied coalition has targeted services ranging from <\/span>power grids<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>airlines<\/span><\/a> to <\/span>irrigation systems<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>restaurant closed-circuit television feeds<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The wave of DDoS attacks has subsided somewhat this week, other than occasional incidents claimed by smaller collectives, and NoName057(16) has itself moved on to other targets like Sweden.<\/span><\/p>\n

This approach is typical of groups like NoName057(16), which restrict campaigns to a few days and mostly seek to cause short-term chaos to attract media attention for their political agenda, according to Deutsche Cyber-Sicherheitsorganisation (DCSO), a German organization that aims to combat organized cybercrime and state-controlled cyberespionage.<\/span><\/p>\n

The security organization explained that most of these hacktivists target critical infrastructure and industrial control systems, but the motives and targets can vary depending on individual groups\u2019 capabilities and commitment to their goals.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWith the smaller groups, a lot of it is just opportunistic,\u201d the firm said. \u201cWhatever they can get, they\u2019ll focus on.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

But at the end of the day, even groups with limited capabilities will still look to make an impact and contribute to the overall goal.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe important thing is that you have a successful attack. It\u2019s better than nothing,\u201d DCSO stated.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Hacktivist group Alligator Black Hat’s attacks included breaching a restaurant’s camera feeds | Image: Alligator Black Hat via Telegram<\/a> (Nov. 8, 2024), edited by Korea Pro<\/p><\/div>\n

MOBILIZING AGAINST COMMON FOES<\/b><\/p>\n

The hacktivist coalition targeting South Korea since last week stands out for the diversity of its members, but such alliances between organizations with different political agendas are not uncommon.<\/span><\/p>\n

Whether a group is pro-Russia or anti-Israel, they often tend to gravitate toward a shared opposition to a global order led by Western powers.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSome of them are targeting NATO for supporting Israel. In that case, it is aligned with what a lot of the pro-Russia groups are looking to do,\u201d DCSO explained.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

At the same time, the German organization stated that influence is a major factor for hacktivists looking to draw attention to their activities and goals, particularly for smaller groups feeding into larger collectives\u2019 campaigns.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA lot of these smaller groups, regardless of whether they actually agree with the pro-Russian groups\u2019 stance on a lot of things, are looking to at least be associated with these groups,\u201d the firm stated.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Groups like Indonesia’s Alligator Black Hat have joined forces with pro-Russian hacktivists | Image: Alligator Black Hat via Telegram<\/a> (Nov. 6, 2024), edited by Korea Pro<\/p><\/div>\n

While smaller groups lack the followers of major actors like NoName057(16), they can still play a part by contributing to coordinated DDoS campaigns that rely on large groups of users flooding target websites to overload them.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt’s not even necessarily technical prowess. It’s just that the motivation is there, and that’s how they’re doing it,\u201d DCSO said.<\/span><\/p>\n

As these groups\u2019 tactics and capabilities advance, some reports suggest a few pro-Russian players like the <\/span>People\u2019s Cyber Army of Russia<\/span><\/a> are pursuing cybercriminal activities like <\/span>ransomware attacks<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>cyberespionage<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, DCSO emphasized that they haven\u2019t made a significant attempt to establish long-term control over breached systems, which would allow them to inflict further damage beyond the initial attack.<\/span><\/p>\n

For the most part, these hacktivist groups tend to adhere to their DDoS-focused modus operandi rather than crossing the line into becoming actual cyber threat actors, the German organization added.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Pro-Russian group Z-Pentest targeted South Korean infrastructure and agricultural facilities | Image: Z-Pentest via Telegram<\/a> (Nov. 6, 2024), edited by Korea Pro<\/p><\/div>\n

DDOS CAMPAIGNS AGAINST SOUTH KOREA<\/b><\/p>\n

The recent campaign led by pro-Russian groups isn\u2019t the first time South Korea has borne the brunt of politically driven DDoS campaigns.<\/span><\/p>\n

Between 2009 and 2013, North Korea caused an <\/span>estimated<\/span><\/a> $800 million in damages through a series of major cyber disruption <\/span>campaigns<\/span><\/a> against South Korean government entities, financial services and other critical services.<\/span><\/p>\n

As sanctions took their toll in the following years, Pyongyang eventually moved away from this tactic to focus more on the regime\u2019s strategic objectives of generating illicit revenue and stealing sensitive data through cyberattacks.<\/span><\/p>\n

But other actors have continued to target South Korea\u2019s vulnerability to DDoS attacks, including campaigns instigated by other pro-Russian actors earlier this year that largely flew under the radar.<\/span><\/p>\n

U.S. performance management software firm Netscout <\/span>tracked<\/span><\/a> the first major DDoS spike in March, when hacktivists ramped up attacks on ROK government websites and companies around the time the U.S. and South Korea staged military drills to counter North Korean threats.<\/span><\/p>\n

CyberDragon, a collective with Chinese and Russian<\/a> ties, <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> in June that it had joined forces with the \u201cSouth Korean Company\u201d coalition to oppose Seoul\u2019s \u201cRussophobia\u201d and support for Ukraine, after President Yoon Suk-yeol confirmed South Korea\u2019s participation in a Ukraine peace summit.<\/span><\/p>\n

There is little public information about \u201cSouth Korean Company,\u201d but Netscout Director of Threat Intelligence Richard Hummel <\/span>previously<\/span><\/a> described it as a congregation of \u201cat least three or four\u201d pro-Russian hacktivist groups targeting the ROK for supporting Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

Last month, CyberDragon announced the launch of its new <\/span>#OpSouthKorea campaign<\/span><\/a> targeting ROK infrastructure in response to Seoul allocating $200 million worth of humanitarian aid to Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

After Seoul\u2019s revelation in October that North Korea had dispatched troops to Russia, the Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) issued a <\/span>cybersecurity advisory<\/span><\/a> on Nov. 1 urging heightened vigilance against potential attacks by unspecified \u201cinternational hacking groups.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korea’s National Information Resources Service conducts a DDoS response drill | Image: NIRS<\/a> (Sept. 26, 2023)<\/p><\/div>\n

BOLSTERING ROK INFRASTRUCTURE<\/b><\/p>\n

The recent spate of DDoS attacks has left little lasting damage but has opened up questions about what South Korea must do to mitigate such threats going forward.<\/span><\/p>\n

Many website-hosting services and security firms offer dedicated DDoS services already, but incidents like this month\u2019s campaign demonstrate that scale often trumps technical sophistication when it comes to overloading web infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\n

DCSO told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that hacktivist groups don\u2019t invent new DDoS techniques, but mostly use tried and tested methods like \u201c<\/span>slowloris attacks<\/span><\/a>\u201d that overwhelm servers through several simultaneous connections to the target.<\/span><\/p>\n

The group explained that threat mitigation ultimately comes down to having the right digital infrastructure, and the most South Korea can do is build up its capacity to handle the kind of elevated loads that come with coordinated DDoS attacks.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAny DDoS service worth the money should be able to deal with the volume they are able to pump out,\u201d DCSO stated. \u201cBut there is nothing special you can do, basically.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a>Technology & Cyber<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A series of coordinated cyberattacks by a pro-Russian coalition has left South Korea\u2019s web infrastructure reeling this month, after politically motivated hacktivists across the world banded together to oppose Seoul\u2019s support for Ukraine. 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