{"id":2207028,"date":"2024-11-05T16:19:37","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T07:19:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2207028"},"modified":"2024-11-06T17:44:59","modified_gmt":"2024-11-06T08:44:59","slug":"yoons-ukraine-strategy-confronts-opposition-push-to-restrict-weapons-exports","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/11\/yoons-ukraine-strategy-confronts-opposition-push-to-restrict-weapons-exports\/","title":{"rendered":"Yoon\u2019s Ukraine strategy confronts opposition push to restrict weapons exports"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shortly after North Korea deployed troops to Russia, South Korea <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> it was considering supplying lethal weapons to Ukraine, a move that would depart from its <\/span>previous<\/span><\/a> stance of offering only non-lethal aid.<\/span><\/p>\n

DPRK troops\u2019 potential to gain combat experience could help President Yoon Suk-yeol justify providing military assistance to Ukraine if he chooses to do so, but South Korea\u2019s main opposition Democratic Party (DP) has strongly resisted this potential move on the grounds that it could harm ROK security.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite such objections, <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> analysis suggests that current South Korean laws requiring consideration of how arms exports impact \u201cinternational peace\u201d give the president wide discretion to decide whether to send weapons to conflict zones.<\/span><\/p>\n

And while the DP seeks legal reforms to change this, experts say efforts to mandate additional parliamentary oversight could have a negative impact on the ROK defense industry, cautioning that Seoul will need to carefully handle domestic opposition to protect both its economic and security interests.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Main opposition Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung visits the ROK Army’s 17th Division, Oct. 31, 2024 | Image: Democratic Party of Korea<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

PUBLIC SENTIMENT AND LEGAL BARRIERS<\/b><\/p>\n

The DP\u2019s opposition to weapons provision rests on two main arguments: public sentiment and legal concerns. The party argues that sending weapons to Ukraine would jeopardize South Korea\u2019s security by damaging relations with Russia and risking excessive involvement in a foreign conflict.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>Gallup Korea survey<\/span><\/a> from Oct. 24 showed over 80% of South Koreans oppose providing lethal aid to Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, South Korea\u2019s single-term presidency system, combined with Yoon\u2019s seeming disregard for his party\u2019s future electoral prospects, means public opinion alone is unlikely to sway his decision.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequently, the opposition bloc has intensified its efforts to challenge the legal framework governing defense exports, proposing amendments to enhance parliamentary oversight and restrict executive discretion.<\/span><\/p>\n

Relevant laws covering the provision of weapons to foreign countries do not explicitly prohibit weapons exports to conflict zones, although they advise ministers and other heads of relevant branches to consider how such moves could impact international peace. In practical terms, this gives the South Korean president the flexibility to proceed with weapons exports if he or she deems the strategic benefits to outweigh political costs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hence, the opposition is pushing for changes to three key laws to limit the executive\u2019s authority to send military supplies abroad without parliamentary consent.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOREIGN TRADE ACT<\/b><\/p>\n

The <\/span>Foreign Trade Act<\/span><\/a> (<\/span>\ub300\uc678\ubb34\uc5ed\ubc95<\/span><\/a>) states that ministerial approval is required for certain strategic items exports when they could affect international peace and security.<\/span><\/p>\n

Specifically, Article 19(6) requires the industry minister or relevant agency heads to assess whether exports are for \u201cpeaceful purposes\u201d and won\u2019t undermine \u201cinternational peace, security maintenance and national security.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP argues that providing lethal aid to Ukraine inherently contradicts the \u201cpeaceful purposes\u201d clause, asserting that the move would harm ROK-Russia relations and drive Moscow closer to Pyongyang, thus posing a risk to South Korea\u2019s national security.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the law\u2019s language weakens this argument. It states ministers \u201cmay\u201d prohibit exports, not \u201cmust.\u201d Additionally, items already approved by the defense acquisition chief are exempt from further ministerial review. The defense acquisition law similarly uses discretionary language, stating its chief \u201cmay\u201d restrict exports that could harm peace or cause diplomatic friction.<\/span><\/p>\n

This wording allows the Yoon administration considerable flexibility. It could argue that arming Ukraine would not violate the Foreign Trade Act\u2019s \u201cpeaceful purposes\u201d clause because arming Ukraine might help to end the war sooner and potentially deter further North Korea-Russia military cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n

In light of these loopholes, minor opposition Reform Korea Party (RKP) lawmaker Kim Jun-hyeong, with DP support, proposed an <\/span>amendment<\/span><\/a> in September to remove the law\u2019s discretionary language. The proposed revision would require mandatory prohibition of strategic exports during wartime, aiming to close any gaps that could allow lethal aid to conflict zones.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korea’s K9 self-propelled howitzers during a training exercise, July 3, 2007 | Image: ROK Armed Forces via Flickr<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

THE MILITARY SUPPLIES AND DEFENSE ACQUISITION ACTS<\/b><\/p>\n

The DP is also <\/span>pushing<\/span><\/a> for amendments to the Act on Management of Military Supplies (<\/span>\uad70\uc218\ud488\uad00\ub9ac\ubc95<\/span><\/a>) and the Defense Acquisition and Program Act (<\/span>\ubc29\uc704\uc0ac\uc5c5\ubc95<\/span><\/a>) to ensure parliamentary oversight on weapons exports.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Military Supplies Management Act allows the defense minister to transfer supplies to foreign governments without requiring parliamentary consent, provided these exports do not interfere with South Korea\u2019s own military needs. Similarly, the Defense Acquisition and Program Act grants the Defense Acquisition Program Administration chief discretionary authority over defense exports, without explicit restrictions on transfers to conflict zones.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the opposition argues that sending military supplies to Ukraine, even indirectly through third-party countries like Poland or the U.S., \u201c<\/span>violates<\/span><\/a>\u201d these laws, contending that South Korea must maintain sufficient artillery supplies given the technical state of war with North Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

This interpretation likely explains the Yoon administration\u2019s swift denial of recent reports suggesting it is considering providing 155-millimeter artillery shells directly to Kyiv.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response, DP lawmaker Han Jung-ae introduced a <\/span>bill<\/span><\/a> requiring parliamentary approval for all military exports to countries involved in international conflicts. DP lawmaker and former general Kim Byung-joo also proposed a <\/span>bill<\/span><\/a> mandating that \u201call\u201d military supply transfers be reported to parliament during budget sessions, arguing that weapons are state assets and thus require parliamentary oversight.<\/span><\/p>\n

To address similar concerns under the Defense Acquisition and Program Act, the opposition has called for further restrictions. DP lawmaker Kim Byung-joo\u2019s <\/span>amendment<\/span><\/a> would align weapons export regulations with Article 60 of the ROK Constitution, which mandates parliamentary approval for treaties concerning national security.<\/span><\/p>\n

Similarly, RKP lawmaker Kim Jun-hyeong also <\/span>proposed<\/span><\/a> mandatory export restrictions for countries in conflict, aiming to close perceived legal gaps in the act.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korea’s K9 self-propelled howitzers during a training exercise, May 12, 2016 | Image: 1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cav Div<\/a> via Flickr<\/a> (CC BY-ND 2.0<\/a>)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

BALANCING SECURITY AND STRATEGIC INTERESTS<\/b><\/p>\n

The Yoon administration and the ruling People Power Party are expected to resist these amendments, arguing that mandating parliamentary oversight would hinder South Korea\u2019s defense industry by adding bureaucratic hurdles and creating uncertainty for international clients.<\/span><\/p>\n

They will likely highlight the economic advantages defense exports bring to South Korea and criticize the DP for endangering trade gains. Further, they may argue that parliamentary oversight could stifle the defense industry\u2019s growth, as mandating the South Korean government to track the end use of weapons exports is impractical.<\/span><\/p>\n

Similarly, experts caution that excessive restrictions on weapons exports could harm South Korea\u2019s defense industry, emphasizing the need to balance security and economic interests.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cExports should be supported rather than blocked for countries that aren\u2019t hostile nations or problematic states,\u201d Yang Uk, a military analyst at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf regulations are structured to strangle exports, it will pour cold water on the defense industry,\u201d he said. \u201cThe issue isn\u2019t having regulations, but rather what specific content those regulations contain. If there\u2019s a clause about National Assembly control in the amendment, it absolutely should not pass,\u201d Yang said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts also note that categorizing arms as either \u201coffensive\u201d or \u201cdefensive\u201d will help the Yoon administration evade potential legal or political hurdles, as it would distance Seoul from the manner in which Ukraine might use those weapons. A high-level presidential official, likely in line with this strategy, <\/span>referred<\/span><\/a> to the term \u201clethal weapons\u201d as \u201cemotionally-charged,\u201d signaling that Seoul will move away from the term going forward.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kim Yeol-su, head of security strategy at the Korea Institute for Military Affairs, emphasized that South Korea\u2019s approach to weapons provision \u201cneeds to be developed step-by-step in coordination with the international community.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

He added that Yoon should avoid premature announcements on lethal aid, recommending instead that the administration adopt a more nuanced position to limit domestic opposition.<\/span><\/p>\n

STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY<\/b><\/p>\n

The DP\u2019s proposed amendments, despite the party\u2019s parliamentary majority, face an uphill battle against Yoon\u2019s likely veto.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Given this dynamic, while Yoon retains the authority to provide weapons to Ukraine, he will likely proceed cautiously in light of domestic opposition, legal challenges and potential shifts in U.S. policy following the upcoming presidential election.<\/span><\/p>\n

Regardless of the final decision, Yoon\u2019s approach will not only shape South Korea\u2019s stance on the Ukraine conflict and its burgeoning partnership with European countries, but it may also set a precedent for the country\u2019s future role in global security affairs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shortly after North Korea deployed troops to Russia, South Korea announced it was considering supplying lethal weapons to Ukraine, a move that would depart from its previous stance of offering only non-lethal aid. DPRK troops\u2019 potential to gain combat experience could help President Yoon Suk-yeol justify providing military assistance to Ukraine if he chooses to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10909,"featured_media":2207036,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,27,28],"class_list":["post-2207028","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-defense-security","tag-domestic-politics","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nYoon\u2019s Ukraine strategy confronts opposition push to restrict weapons exports - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/11\/yoons-ukraine-strategy-confronts-opposition-push-to-restrict-weapons-exports\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yoon\u2019s Ukraine strategy confronts opposition push to restrict weapons exports - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Shortly after North Korea deployed troops to Russia, South Korea announced it was considering supplying lethal weapons to Ukraine, a move that would depart from its previous stance of offering only non-lethal aid. 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