{"id":2206895,"date":"2024-10-24T11:38:04","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T02:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2206895"},"modified":"2024-10-24T11:38:04","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T02:38:04","slug":"how-south-koreas-vietnam-playbook-provides-template-for-dprk-troops-in-russia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/10\/how-south-koreas-vietnam-playbook-provides-template-for-dprk-troops-in-russia\/","title":{"rendered":"How South Korea\u2019s Vietnam playbook provides template for DPRK troops in Russia"},"content":{"rendered":"

North Korea\u2019s apparent <\/span>deployment of troops<\/span><\/a> to assist Russia\u2019s war of aggression against Ukraine has forced South Korea to carefully weigh its own response, including the possibility of sending arms to Kyiv.<\/span><\/p>\n

And as it does so, Seoul would do well to remember its own experience sending troops to foreign conflicts to understand the dynamics at play \u2014 and the real risk that DPRK boots on the ground in Eastern Europe could fuel military tensions on the Korean Peninsula.<\/span><\/p>\n

While it remains unclear exactly how Pyongyang will benefit, many expect it to reap economic rewards or military-technical cooperation from Moscow for dispatching soldiers. North Korea\u2019s warming relations with Russia have already helped it <\/span>avoid U.N, sanctions<\/span><\/a> and allowed it to boost trade through <\/span>weapons sales<\/span><\/a> to aid Moscow\u2019s invasion.<\/span><\/p>\n

But the DPRK is not the first Korea to profit from an overseas war at the cost of its own people\u2019s sacrifice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea sent thousands of troops to fight in Vietnam from 1965 to 1973, earning sums through the war in Indochina that North Korea can likely only dream of, while still providing a template for Pyongyang\u2019s own deployment.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Seoul citizens welcome home soldiers from Vietnam on March 20, 1973. | Image: Seoul City Archives<\/p><\/div>\n

A DISTURBING DEPLOYMENT<\/b><\/p>\n

As the U.S. crept deeper into what became its gravest misstep of the Cold War, it was <\/span>struggling to secure<\/span><\/a> international support with many of its allies refusing\u00a0 to fight in Vietnam as they had on the Korean Peninsula.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ironically, however, South Korea was anxious to fight in Vietnam despite still technically being in a state of war with North Korea as the conflict\u00a0 promised to boost Seoul\u2019s fortunes both strategically and economically.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As the war in Vietnam widened, Korean leaders feared the U.S. would withdraw its troops stationed in South Korea and redeploy them to Southeast Asia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The strategic calculus for Seoul is the same today as it was then: keeping U.S. troops on the Korean Peninsula was seen as an imperative to deter renewed North Korean aggression. Somewhat paradoxically it made sense to send Korean troops to Vietnam to keep U.S. troops in Korea.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korean leaders were also keen to benefit from the conflict materially. They remembered how Japan had <\/span>profited mightily<\/span><\/a> during the Korean War through U.S. military procurement and logistical contracts.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The negotiations regarding South Korean troop deployments to Vietnam did not hide the economic quid pro quo nature of the deal, and the benefits that Washington gave to Seoul are clearly spelled out in the infamous <\/span>Brown Memorandum<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

One scholar pegged the <\/span>total amount<\/span><\/a> that South Korea earned through the Vietnam War at $4.6 billion with the exchange of troops for dollars so explicit that some even considered Korean troops <\/span>mercenaries<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

We can also partially trace the <\/span>wealth and success<\/span><\/a> of some Korean chaebol to the Vietnam War as companies such as Hyundai and Hanjin, the parent company of Korean Air, received lucrative U.S. government contracts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Over the course of nearly eight years, some 320,000 South Korean soldiers were deployed to Vietnam and over 5,000 were killed. ROK soldiers also committed several massacres against Vietnamese civilians, and this history remains an open, if hardly mentioned, <\/span>wound<\/span><\/a> in bilateral relations.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

A screenshot of footage purporting to show North Korean soldiers receiving basic supplies at a Russian training base | Source: Center for Strategic Communication and Information Security<\/p><\/div>\n

A REPEAT OF HISTORY?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

North Korea may be hoping to replicate South Korea\u2019s strategic and economic success in Vietnam by sending its own troops to Ukraine. But it is unclear whether North Korea will reap the benefits of conflict or imperil itself further.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Strategically, North Korea may be hoping to solidify its relationship with Russia following the signing of a <\/span>new alliance treaty<\/span><\/a> in June this year, which specified mutual defense obligations. By supporting Russia in its hour of need, North Korea will likely expect the same of Russia in a worst-case scenario.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, North Korea\u2019s situation is not as clear as South Korea\u2019s in 1965. The DPRK is confronted with the need to satisfy two great power friends in Russia and China, whereas the U.S. was South Korea\u2019s sole concern.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

It is possible that by assisting Moscow, Pyongyang is alienating Beijing, which overwhelmingly remains North Korea\u2019s <\/span>most important economic partner<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Accelerating and deepening ties between <\/span>NATO and South Korea<\/span><\/a> in the wake of North Korea’s troop deployment is one example of a real consequence for China and could bring further tension to relations between Pyongyang and Beijing, which have already shown potential signs of <\/span>souring<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is also unclear how much Russia can actually provide North Korea in terms of economic benefits. Certainly anything the DPRK can get will likely be appreciated following Pyongyang\u2019s nearly complete self-imposed isolation during the pandemic.<\/span><\/p>\n

But the Vietnam War vaulted South Korea ahead at a key moment when its economic development was just starting to take form.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

An economic quid pro quo between Pyongyang and Moscow over troops may give the DPRK a boost, but it is unlikely to reshape North Korea in a truly meaningful way if Russia <\/span>does not have the resources to provide<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol shakes hands with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on July 15, 2023. | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/p><\/div>\n

PARALLELS TO INCREASING TENSIONS\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

There is another parallel between South Korean participation in the Vietnam War and North Korean deployments to Ukraine: the potential to increase inter-Korean tensions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>\u201cSecond\u201d Korean War<\/span><\/a> was a period between 1967 and 1969, shortly after South Korea dispatched troops to Vietnam, during which the number of violent incidents along the demilitarized zone spiked.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jan. 1968 saw two of the most aggressive North Korean provocations ever: an attempted assassination of President Park Chung Hee through a raid on the Blue House and seizure of the American spy ship <\/span>USS Pueblo<\/span><\/a>. Many believe this was North Korea\u2019s attempt to threaten the U.S.-South Korea rear as they fought communist North Vietnam in Southeast Asia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul now has a chance to repay the favor. Indeed if South Korean policymakers had an inkling that North Korea was preparing troop deployments when it seemingly sent <\/span>drones above Pyongyang<\/span><\/a> in early October, it may have already wished to caution North Korea against joining the fight in Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

Another option for South Korea would be to assist Ukraine in its war to repel the Russian invasion that is now being aided by North Korea.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The South Korean presidential office has stated it is reviewing various options including <\/span>dispatching South Korean personnel<\/span><\/a> to Ukraine to monitor North Korean troops and providing <\/span>lethal aid<\/span><\/a> to Ukraine, something it has consistently <\/span>refused<\/span><\/a> to do since the war began.<\/span><\/p>\n

Such measures would have historical precedent. During the Vietnam War, North Korea dispatched its own personnel to monitor South Korean military tactics and conduct <\/span>propaganda activities<\/span><\/a> against South Korean troops.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Perhaps more importantly, North Korea also <\/span>secretly participated in the Vietnam War<\/span><\/a> by sending pilots to fly combat missions against the U.S.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There is no shortage of options for how South Korea may respond both at home on the peninsula and in Ukraine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But whatever steps Seoul takes, it will represent an expansion of the Ukraine War from a battle between Russia and Ukraine with serious implications for NATO to having real-time consequences for peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula as well, just as South Korea\u2019s intervention in Vietnam had done some 60 years ago.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by Alannah Hill<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

North Korea\u2019s apparent deployment of troops to assist Russia\u2019s war of aggression against Ukraine has forced South Korea to carefully weigh its own response, including the possibility of sending arms to Kyiv. And as it does so, Seoul would do well to remember its own experience sending troops to foreign conflicts to understand the dynamics […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10909,"featured_media":2206896,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,28],"class_list":["post-2206895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-defense-security","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nHow South Korea\u2019s Vietnam playbook provides template for DPRK troops in Russia - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/10\/how-south-koreas-vietnam-playbook-provides-template-for-dprk-troops-in-russia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How South Korea\u2019s Vietnam playbook provides template for DPRK troops in Russia - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"North Korea\u2019s apparent deployment of troops to assist Russia\u2019s war of aggression against Ukraine has forced South Korea to carefully weigh its own response, including the possibility of sending arms to Kyiv. 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