{"id":2206813,"date":"2024-10-15T18:37:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-15T09:37:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2206813"},"modified":"2024-10-16T14:47:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T05:47:18","slug":"south-korea-and-japan-eye-stronger-ties-but-history-and-strategy-complicate-path","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/10\/south-korea-and-japan-eye-stronger-ties-but-history-and-strategy-complicate-path\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea and Japan eye stronger ties but history and strategy complicate path"},"content":{"rendered":"

During their <\/span>first<\/span><\/a> meeting<\/span><\/a> at the ASEAN summit last week, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol and Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba reaffirmed their commitment to deepening bilateral relations and advancing the Camp David framework. However, historical grievances and diverging security priorities threaten to derail this vision.<\/span><\/p>\n

With North Korea\u2019s nuclear ambitions and China\u2019s growing assertiveness raising the stakes, South Korea and Japan face significant challenges in aligning their defense strategies.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts caution that without resolving these tensions, efforts to institutionalize military cooperation may falter, hindering both countries\u2019 ability to deepen military cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

ROK and JMSDF navy personnel on board the on board the USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) on Oct. 10, 2023 | Image: U.S. 7th Fleet<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

DIVERGENT OBJECTIVES<\/b><\/p>\n

In his inaugural policy address on <\/span>Oct. 4<\/span><\/a>, Ishiba emphasized the need to build on the trust established between former Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and Yoon, highlighting continuity in Japan\u2019s foreign policy as it seeks to reinforce ties with South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ishiba also underlined Japan\u2019s commitment to maintaining trilateral security cooperation with the U.S., a key component of Tokyo\u2019s broader defense strategy.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Japan\u2019s growing focus on countering China, particularly through Ishiba\u2019s long-term vision of establishing \u201c<\/span>Asian NATO<\/span><\/a>,\u201d contrasts with South Korea\u2019s primary concern: North Korea. As both nations face regional security threats, their differing strategic priorities threaten to hinder meaningful progress in military cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ryo Hinata-Yamaguchi, a project assistant professor at the University of Tokyo, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that while Ishiba aims to continue deepening security ties with South Korea and other Indo-Pacific nations, his plans for an Asian NATO sets him apart from his predecessor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIshiba plans to push for militarization with more concrete security measures,\u201d said Ban Kil-joo, a professor at Korea University\u2019s Ilmin International Relations Institute.<\/span><\/p>\n

For South Korea, however, its focus on defending against Pyongyang\u2019s nuclear and missile threats is likely to complicate cooperation with Tokyo on broader regional security issues. South Korea sees its alliance with the U.S. as sufficient for deterrence, and officials in Seoul are wary of any actions that might provoke friction with Beijing.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere may be dilemmas or concerns about multilateral cooperation,\u201d said Shin Seung-ki, a senior analyst at the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses (KIDA). \u201cAny moves toward an Asian NATO could create friction with China, something South Korea would prefer to avoid.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Japanese Self-Defense Forces personnel march during a parade in 2013 | Image: Japan Self-Defense Forces via Flickr<\/a> (CC BY 2.0<\/a>)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

HISTORICAL GRIEVANCES<\/b><\/p>\n

In addition to strategic differences, unresolved historical issues continue to cast a shadow over South Korea-Japan relations. These include Japan\u2019s perceived failure to fully atone for its imperial past, which remains a deeply sensitive issue for many South Koreans.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although Ishiba is viewed as comparatively <\/span>moderate<\/span><\/a> on historical matters, tensions persist over Japan\u2019s occupation of Korea in the first half of the 20th century. Disputes over the Dokdo islets, which are controlled by South Korea but claimed by Japan, further complicate the relationship. Since 2019, Japanese authorities have disrupted South Korean marine research near Dokdo 75 times, according to <\/span>Korean Coast Guard data<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

“South Korea has expressed concerns about Japan\u2019s growing military capabilities not because of the capabilities themselves, but because a country that has not fully reflected on its past could pose a future risk,” Ban said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts note that without significant gestures from Japan, such as offering reparations and assurances of non-repetition, public skepticism toward military cooperation with Japan will persist in South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt is Japan\u2019s turn to fill the remaining half of the cup,\u201d Ban added, referring to Japan\u2019s need to reciprocate Yoon\u2019s initial decision to repair relations with Tokyo. Yoon went as far as to <\/span>state<\/span><\/a> in 2023 that he would not demand an apology from Japan for something that \u201chappened 100 years ago,\u201d which caused him significant political capital.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shin of KIDA echoed these sentiments, stressing that Japan must demonstrate maturity and trustworthiness by addressing its past actions. \u201cThis is a highly sensitive issue,\u201d he said. \u201cSouth Korea\u2019s opposition-dominated National Assembly will continue to raise this issue, and unless it is addressed, it could complicate cooperation efforts.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

DEFENSE COOPERATION: EASIER SAID THAN DONE<\/b><\/p>\n

Even if South Korea and Japan manage to navigate their strategic and historical differences, technical and operational challenges remain. The two countries must improve interoperability between their forces, which is currently hampered by procedural and technical differences.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s not just a political issue,\u201d Hinata-Yamaguchi said. \u201cSouth Korea and Japan need to overcome challenges related to information-sharing, operational coordination and logistics.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In <\/span>June<\/span><\/a>, The chiefs of naval operations from both nations agreed to forge communication procedures between ships, aircraft and military headquarters to ensure smooth coordination during peacetime operations and avoid a similar incident to the radar lock-on dispute in <\/span>2018<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ban also highlighted the importance of institutionalizing security cooperation to ensure it can withstand political shifts in both countries. \u201cIf security cooperation becomes ingrained at the working level, it will be less influenced by changes in government,\u201d Ban said.<\/span><\/p>\n

The restoration of shuttle diplomacy between Seoul and Tokyo, coupled with growing trilateral cooperation with the U.S., represents a step in the right direction. However, Ban cautioned that security collaboration must not be mistaken for a military alliance, as public opinion in South Korea remains wary of deeper military ties with Japan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

The ROKS Sejong the Great (DDG-991) participates in ROK’s East Sea territorial defense training near the Dokdo islets on Aug. 2019 | Image: ROK Navy (Aug. 26, 2019)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTES<\/b><\/p>\n

An additional thorny issue in the South Korea-Japan relationship is the issue of jurisdiction during a wartime scenario on the Korean Peninsula. Past comments from Japanese officials suggesting that Japan might act unilaterally in North Korea during a conflict have sparked public backlash in South Korea, further straining bilateral relations.<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2015, then-Japanese Defense Minister Gen Nakatani, who has resumed that role under Ishiba\u2019s premiership, <\/span>suggested<\/span><\/a> that Seoul\u2019s jurisdiction ends at the southern border of the Demilitarized Zone, implying that Japan could intervene in North Korea without South Korean consent.<\/span><\/p>\n

Such remarks raised concerns in Seoul about Japan\u2019s respect for South Korea\u2019s constitutional sovereignty and national security. The South Korean constitution declares that the ROK\u2019s territory spans the entire Korean Peninsula and its adjacent islands.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, should Japan conduct military strikes against Pyongyang, the DPRK will likely respond by also striking South Korean territory.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf Japan continues to talk about intervening in a contingency on the Korean Peninsula, it will clearly disrupt security cooperation,\u201d Shin said. \u201cJapan should refrain from such remarks.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

OUTLOOK FOR FUTURE COOPERATION<\/b><\/p>\n

Despite these challenges, the potential for closer South Korea-Japan cooperation remains significant, particularly as the two countries approach the 60th anniversary of diplomatic normalization in 2025. As regional security threats from North Korea, China and Russia continue to mount, both nations have a strong incentive to enhance their collaboration.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ishiba\u2019s leadership presents an opportunity for Japan to adopt a more forward-looking approach to relations with South Korea, especially if Tokyo is willing to take meaningful steps to address historical grievances and ensure transparency in its defense policies.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the road ahead will require careful navigation of longstanding issues and clear communication between the two governments.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the near term, South Korea and Japan will likely prioritize strengthening trilateral security ties with the U.S., building on the momentum of the Camp David framework. The institutionalization of these ties could serve as a foundation for deeper collaboration in the future, provided both nations can align their strategic priorities and manage their historical differences.<\/span><\/p>\n

The success of South Korea-Japan cooperation will depend on whether they can find common ground on security while addressing historical grievances, strategic divergences and operational challenges. If they can, their partnership could play a pivotal role in maintaining regional stability in the Indo-Pacific.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

During their first meeting at the ASEAN summit last week, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol and Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba reaffirmed their commitment to deepening bilateral relations and advancing the Camp David framework. However, historical grievances and diverging security priorities threaten to derail this vision. With North Korea\u2019s nuclear ambitions and China\u2019s growing assertiveness […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10909,"featured_media":2206814,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,27,28],"class_list":["post-2206813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-defense-security","tag-domestic-politics","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea and Japan eye stronger ties but history and strategy complicate path - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/10\/south-korea-and-japan-eye-stronger-ties-but-history-and-strategy-complicate-path\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea and Japan eye stronger ties but history and strategy complicate path - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"During their first meeting at the ASEAN summit last week, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol and Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba reaffirmed their commitment to deepening bilateral relations and advancing the Camp David framework. 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