{"id":2206719,"date":"2024-10-08T16:06:47","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T07:06:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2206719"},"modified":"2024-10-09T15:59:24","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T06:59:24","slug":"south-korea-faces-growing-cyber-threats-from-allies-and-enemies-alike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/10\/south-korea-faces-growing-cyber-threats-from-allies-and-enemies-alike\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea faces growing cyber threats from allies and enemies alike"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korea has long focused its cybersecurity efforts on countering North Korean attacks, but new data reveals that allies and enemies alike are launching cyber espionage attempts against Seoul\u2019s military.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Democratic Party lawmaker Hwang Hee, citing ROK defense ministry data, <\/span>revealed<\/span><\/a> last week that the U.S. and China are the main sources of attempted cyberattacks on South Korean military systems.<\/span><\/p>\n

This surge highlights growing <\/span>global concerns<\/span><\/a> about cyber espionage in the defense sector and serves as a reminder that South Korea\u2019s cyber vulnerabilities extend beyond North Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

While Hwang\u2019s office did not disclose how many of these attacks were successful, the data suggests that espionage threats include those from commercially motivated private actors.<\/span><\/p>\n

The press release further emphasized the \u201cdiverse and rapidly evolving\u201d nature of these cyberattacks and called for a clear strategy to counter them.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul has already adopted a more proactive, offense-driven approach under its National Cybersecurity Strategy to preemptively stop these threats. However, experts warn that this data highlights the need for continued technological advances and training to mitigate future attacks.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Admiral Kim Myung-soo, Chairman of South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff, inspects operations at a ROK Army base on Sep. 12, 2024 | Image: ROK Joint Chiefs of Staff<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

TRACING THE ATTACKS<\/b><\/p>\n

Cyberattacks on South Korea\u2019s military have surged in the past two years, according to defense ministry data shared by lawmaker Hwang Hee.<\/span><\/p>\n

After a steady decline from 12,696 in 2020 to 9,021 in 2022, the number of attempted intrusions jumped to 13,499 last year. By August of this year, 9,215 attacks had been recorded, putting the country on track to match or exceed 2023 levels.<\/span><\/p>\n

The apparent increase in South Korea could align with a global increase in defense-related cyber espionage as well as improved tracking, according to Daniel Pinkston, a Seoul-based lecturer in international relations at Troy University.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe number of hacking attempts could be the same, but it could be that they\u2019ve just been alerted or been able to disclose or discover more of them,\u201d he told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

A closer look at the data suggests that these attacks are coming from unexpected sources. For instance, the U.S., an ally of the ROK, has been the leading source of attempted cyber intrusions on South Korean military networks over the past three years, followed by China.<\/span><\/p>\n

Other countries, including South Korea, India, Indonesia and Japan also feature consistently. However, Hwang\u2019s office noted that these figures reflect the final transit points of the attacks, not necessarily the origin. Hackers often use virtual private networks (VPNs) and other tools to mask their locations.<\/span><\/p>\n

The prevalence of U.S.-based IP addresses in recent cyberattacks on South Korean military networks may not accurately reflect the true origins of these threats, Lee Hwa-young, deputy director of the Cyber Security Research Institute, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCyberattackers routinely use sophisticated concealment techniques like VPNs to mask their true locations,\u201d she explained, adding that hackers often exploit vulnerabilities in U.S. systems as relay points. \u201cThe U.S. is often targeted for such exploitation due to its vast number of networks and systems, which can serve as unwitting intermediaries,\u201d she said.<\/span><\/p>\n

The use of botnets \u2014 groups of internet-connected devices that carry out attacks \u2014 further complicates efforts to trace the true origins.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Pinkston noted that state-backed attacks from close partners like the U.S. are not uncommon, as countries often probe one another\u2019s systems, including those of their allies. He suggested Washington might want to verify whether Seoul\u2019s cyber operations threaten U.S. data.<\/span><\/p>\n

Private hackers are also a significant factor in these attacks, which Pinkston attributed to the increasing value of South Korea\u2019s advanced defense technologies.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhy do you hack the South Korean military and defense sites? Because that\u2019s where the technology is,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol attends the inaugural Cyber Summit Korea (CSK) 2024, co-hosted by the National Intelligence Service and the National Security Research Institute at Seoul’s COEX on Sep. 11 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

INCREASING SOPHISTICATION\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

The defense ministry data highlighted a continuing focus on web hacking and phishing emails to initiate cyberattacks over the past five years. While there have been occasional outliers, such as phishing attempts halving last year compared to 2022, these methods have been largely consistent.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, one oddity in the data is the sharp drop in attempted malware deployment, from 58 cases in 2020 to none this year. Lawmaker Hwang\u2019s office did not clarify whether this decrease reflects a shift away from information-stealing malware by attackers or simply greater difficulty detecting such threats.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee of the Cyber Security Research Institute pointed to the rapid evolution of cyber threats, explaining that attack strategies have grown more sophisticated. Website intrusions now use techniques like zero-day exploits, which target previously unknown vulnerabilities, while malware has diversified to include ransomware, spyware and trojans.<\/span><\/p>\n

Attackers often combine multiple strategies. For instance, data stolen from a compromised website might be used in phishing attacks, creating a layered approach that makes it harder to detect and stop these intrusions.<\/span><\/p>\n

This layered approach, Lee assessed, makes it harder to detect and stop cyberattacks, leading to \u201chigher success rates and offering new opportunities to bypass defense systems.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

She stressed the need for South Korea to continuously adapt and reinforce its cybersecurity defenses.<\/span><\/p>\n

The country operates several cyber threat intelligence sharing platforms, which help analyze attack patterns and improve attribution. Key agencies such as the ROK Cyber Command and the Korea Internet and Security Agency monitor cyber threats using advanced tools, including machine learning-based anomaly detection, to flag unusual network behavior.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea has implemented a wide range of technical defenses, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems and malware detection solutions. The country also conducts regular cyberattack response drills to improve personnel awareness and readiness.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cooperation with friendly countries like the U.S. and Japan, as well as fostering public-private partnerships, remain key features of South Korea\u2019s <\/span>National Security Strategy<\/span><\/a>, introduced earlier this year.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul has also worked to streamline internal efforts by establishing a new <\/span>cybersecurity council<\/span><\/a>, the National Cybersecurity Strategy, to coordinate the response of various agencies.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Lee pointed out that a shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals and limited resources still hampers the country\u2019s ability to distinguish between state-sponsored attacks and criminal activity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMonitoring and analyzing all attacks in real-time is a challenge, especially when responding to large-scale incidents,\u201d she said, underscoring the ongoing difficulties in managing cybersecurity threats.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Lee Jong-ho, Minister of Science and ICT attends a meeting on cyber threats in Seoul | Image: Ministry of Science and ICT<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

COUNTERING GLOBAL THREATS<\/b><\/p>\n

To address the growing threats from both private actors and state-backed attacks, Pinkston of Troy University stressed the importance of international cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n

While South Korea\u2019s National Cybersecurity Strategy already advocates working with friendly countries like the U.S. and with the private sector, Pinkston emphasized that more needs to be done to reduce the risks posed by friendly fire from partner nations.<\/span><\/p>\n

He pointed out that while many countries conduct probing cyberattacks against their allies, there is little incentive to openly acknowledge such activities.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c[Secrecy] would make it difficult to reach agreements and show restraint,\u201d he said. \u201cIf you violate the agreement, you\u2019re able to do it secretly and get away with it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Pinkston argued that Seoul must build partnerships \u201cfrom a position of trust\u201d while ensuring that there is \u201cmutual restraint\u201d in cyberspace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee of the Cyber Security Research Institute told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> the country needs stronger real-time threat intelligence capabilities and improved attack pattern analysis to enable more proactive defenses. She advocated for an integrated threat intelligence platform that combines domestic and international data to identify and analyze emerging threats in real-time.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee emphasized the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in identifying abnormal network activity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAI-driven systems react to threats far quicker than manual operations, minimizing damage and giving us the upper hand in managing attacks,\u201d she said.<\/span><\/p>\n

She also called for comprehensive crisis response plans that are regularly tested and updated under real-world conditions to ensure speed and readiness. In addition, Lee urged the development of a robust legal and policy framework that would enable rapid decision-making and efficient coordination between agencies during an attack.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea is still waiting for the passage of a new Cybersecurity Act. Both the ruling party and the main opposition Democratic Party had introduced competing bills during the previous National Assembly.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, none of the proposals advanced due to political gridlock over the roles of various agencies. The National Intelligence Service has since <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> that it has completed preparations to accommodate a potential National Cybersecurity Act, but it still awaits a proposal in the National Assembly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As South Korea continues to develop its cybersecurity strategy, Lee emphasized the need for clear legal guidelines and integrating advanced technology with a military culture that prioritizes cybersecurity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe cyber threat landscape is constantly shifting, and our defenses must evolve just as quickly if we want to stay ahead,\u201d Lee stressed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a>Technology & Cyber<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korea has long focused its cybersecurity efforts on countering North Korean attacks, but new data reveals that allies and enemies alike are launching cyber espionage attempts against Seoul\u2019s military.\u00a0 Democratic Party lawmaker Hwang Hee, citing ROK defense ministry data, revealed last week that the U.S. and China are the main sources of attempted cyberattacks […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10909,"featured_media":2206722,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,28,29],"class_list":["post-2206719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-defense-security","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations","tag-technology-cyber"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea faces growing cyber threats from allies and enemies alike - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/10\/south-korea-faces-growing-cyber-threats-from-allies-and-enemies-alike\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea faces growing cyber threats from allies and enemies alike - 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