{"id":2206383,"date":"2024-09-05T17:30:36","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T08:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2206383"},"modified":"2024-09-06T17:03:24","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T08:03:24","slug":"south-koreas-top-court-demands-action-on-climate-targets-for-future-generations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/09\/south-koreas-top-court-demands-action-on-climate-targets-for-future-generations\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea\u2019s top court demands action on climate targets for future generations"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korea\u2019s Constitutional Court <\/span>declared<\/span><\/a> key provisions of the <\/span>Carbon Neutrality Act<\/span><\/a> unconstitutional on Aug. 29 due to inadequate long-term emission reduction targets. The court\u2019s decision, the first of its kind in Asia, criticized the law for not setting specific goals beyond 2030, which it argued fails to meet the government\u2019s constitutional duty to protect citizens, particularly future generations, from the impacts of climate change.<\/span><\/p>\n

This ruling has significant implications for South Korea\u2019s legislative framework, industries and alignment with global climate standards.<\/span><\/p>\n

COURT DECISION<\/b><\/p>\n

The Constitutional Court specifically criticized Article 8, Paragraph 1 of the Act, for lacking clear greenhouse gas reduction targets beyond 2030. The court argued that this undermines the country\u2019s efforts to achieve gradual emissions reductions aligned with the <\/span>global carbon neutrality target<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The ruling emphasized the constitutional principle of minimum protection, which mandates that government measures adequately safeguard citizens\u2019 rights against environmental threats. By not establishing specific post-2030 goals, the court stated that the law could impose \u201can undue burden on future generations.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The decision highlighted the importance of safeguarding the rights of future generations, particularly those without voting rights. It also emphasized the government\u2019s heightened duty to protect these rights through proactive environmental policies.<\/span><\/p>\n

This stance has resonated strongly with climate activists, such as <\/span>Youth 4 Climate Action<\/span><\/a> \u2014 one of the 250 plaintiffs in the case \u2014 which hailed the ruling as a vital acknowledgment of young people\u2019s stake in the country\u2019s environmental future.<\/span><\/p>\n

Additionally, the ruling aligns with a broader global trend in climate litigation, where courts increasingly hold governments <\/span>accountable<\/span><\/a> for <\/span>insufficient climate action<\/span><\/a>, reflecting a growing recognition of the need for long-term environmental planning.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korea’s Constitutional Court ruled in favor of young climate activists | Image: ROK Constitutional Court<\/a> (Aug. 29, 2024)<\/p><\/div>\n

GOVERNMENT RESPONSE<\/b><\/p>\n

In response to the court\u2019s ruling, the South Korean government and lawmakers have pledged to revise the Carbon Neutrality Act to comply with constitutional requirements. The environment ministry has <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> comprehensive follow-up actions, while lawmakers in the National Assembly are <\/span>drafting amendments<\/span><\/a> to set more concrete, long-term emission reduction targets.<\/span><\/p>\n

The court has mandated that these revisions be completed by Feb. 28, 2026, but <\/span>industry experts<\/span><\/a> suggest that the effects of these changes could be seen as early as Feb. 2025, when South Korea submits its next <\/span>Nationally Determined Contribution<\/span><\/a> (NDC) for 2035 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u2019s <\/span>Sixth Assessment Report<\/span><\/a> indicates that to combat climate change effectively, global emissions must be reduced by an average of 60% by 2035 compared to 2019 levels, a benchmark that could guide South Korea\u2019s revised targets.<\/span><\/p>\n

CLIMATE GOALS VS BUSINESS INTERESTS<\/b><\/p>\n

While the ruling demands more robust climate action, experts warn that the government must balance these measures against economic realities.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ryu Sung-won, head of the Industrial Innovation Team at the Korea Economic Association, noted that the technology needed for carbon neutrality requires significant time and investment, making it difficult for businesses to reduce greenhouse gas emissions rapidly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ryu emphasized the need for pragmatic targets that consider South Korea\u2019s manufacturing-heavy economy. He pointed out that sectors like steel, petrochemicals and cement are significant carbon emitters and face considerable hurdles in transitioning to low-carbon processes.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhen setting the 2035 NDC, Seoul must take into account the technological and economic realities of businesses, as well as international trends,\u201d Ryu told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lim Jae-min, the secretary general of Energy Transition Korea, also stressed the importance of balancing environmental goals with economic stability.<\/span><\/p>\n

He warned that stricter regulations could strain businesses\u2019 financial resources and operational capacities without careful planning, especially in sectors already under economic pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe cost of carbon emissions will only increase, both through domestic carbon credits and international mechanisms like the European Union\u2019s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism,\u201d Lim said. \u201cCompanies that fail to adapt quickly may see their global competitiveness suffer.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Carbon emissions from a mining factory | Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

INTERNATIONAL PRECEDENT<\/b><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, the Constitutional Court\u2019s ruling reflects a broader global movement toward judicial intervention in climate policy. For instance, Germany’s Federal Constitutional Court\u2019s <\/span>2021 decision<\/span><\/a> led to stricter climate policies and revised targets.<\/span><\/p>\n

The German government <\/span>responded<\/span><\/a> by raising its 2030 emissions reduction target and setting new goals for 2040, which could serve as a model for South Korea\u2019s future policy adjustments.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Currently, South Korea\u2019s NDC aims for a <\/span>40% reduction<\/span><\/a> in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, targeting 436.6 million tons. The plan includes strategies for energy transition, hydrogen use, carbon capture and overseas emissions reductions.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the court\u2019s insistence on more concrete, science-based policies suggests that South Korea may need to adopt a more ambitious stance to align with international standards and contribute fairly to global climate efforts.<\/span><\/p>\n

INDUSTRY CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES<\/b><\/p>\n

The ruling presents challenges and opportunities for South Korean industries. While stricter regulations might strain businesses, they offer a chance to innovate and adapt.<\/span><\/p>\n

For instance, companies like <\/span>Axion Group<\/span><\/a>, which specializes in carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), view the ruling as an opportunity to expand its market, particularly as demand for CCUS technologies is expected to rise among high-emission sectors like steel and cement.<\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile, Hanwha Investment and Securities <\/span>suggests<\/span><\/a> that while the emissions trading scheme may not face immediate disruption, businesses should prepare for tighter regulations post-2030.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon Soon-jin, a professor at the Graduate School of Environmental Studies at Seoul National University, emphasized the importance of innovation in South Korea\u2019s carbon-intensive sectors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

She noted that many South Korean firms are increasingly looking abroad for solutions, particularly in the U.S., where the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) has created favorable conditions for clean energy investments.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSouth Korean companies have created over 100,000 jobs in the U.S., largely due to the IRA. This shows how quickly businesses can adapt when given the right incentives. However, the South Korean government has yet to provide similar support domestically,\u201d Yoon told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Lawmakers from South Korea’s main opposition Democratic Party announce the launch of a climate action group called “Emergency” at the National Assembly on June 5, 2024 | Image: DP Lawmaker Lee So-young’s Facebook<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

FUTURE POLICY DIRECTIONS<\/b><\/p>\n

The court\u2019s decision is expected to accelerate the development of more comprehensive climate policies in South Korea. Lawmakers are tasked with drafting amendments that set clear, measurable emissions reduction targets beyond 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n

These amendments will likely focus on aligning South Korea\u2019s climate strategy with global standards while considering the country\u2019s economic realities and its significant carbon-emitting sectors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Lim of Energy Transition Korea suggested that South Korea could benefit from adopting international examples, such as <\/span>Germany\u2019s<\/span><\/a> approach to providing government support during businesses\u2019 transition to low-carbon operations. He suggests that this could help mitigate the financial burden on industries while maintaining their competitiveness in the global market.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Constitutional Court\u2019s ruling, which emphasizes the need for long-term planning and a stronger protection of the rights of future generations, offers South Korea an opportunity to shift its climate policy approach decisively.<\/span><\/p>\n

The outcome of these efforts will shape South Korea\u2019s role in the global fight against climate change and determine its ability to achieve sustainable economic and environmental progress in an increasingly carbon-conscious world.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korea\u2019s Constitutional Court declared key provisions of the Carbon Neutrality Act unconstitutional on Aug. 29 due to inadequate long-term emission reduction targets. The court\u2019s decision, the first of its kind in Asia, criticized the law for not setting specific goals beyond 2030, which it argued fails to meet the government\u2019s constitutional duty to protect […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10909,"featured_media":2206386,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,25,28],"class_list":["post-2206383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-culture-society","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea\u2019s top court demands action on climate targets for future generations - Korea Pro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/09\/south-koreas-top-court-demands-action-on-climate-targets-for-future-generations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea\u2019s top court demands action on climate targets for future generations - Korea Pro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korea\u2019s Constitutional Court declared key provisions of the Carbon Neutrality Act unconstitutional on Aug. 29 due to inadequate long-term emission reduction targets. 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