{"id":2206366,"date":"2024-09-03T17:56:28","date_gmt":"2024-09-03T08:56:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2206366"},"modified":"2024-09-04T19:35:06","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T10:35:06","slug":"south-korea-targets-australian-minerals-to-reduce-supply-chain-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/09\/south-korea-targets-australian-minerals-to-reduce-supply-chain-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea targets Australian minerals to reduce supply chain risks"},"content":{"rendered":"

A <\/span>meeting<\/span><\/a> between South Korean and Australian trade officials on Monday underscored new opportunities for ROK businesses to diversify their critical mineral supply chains away from China and enter a growing clean energy market.<\/span><\/p>\n

Companies in sectors such as battery manufacturing, semiconductor materials and green hydrogen technology stand to gain from such a collaboration with Canberra.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the promise of working with a democratic partner country with abundant natural resources is not without risk, requiring South Korean companies to navigate significant regulatory hurdles to operating in Australia and fierce market competition with major international companies, ranging from Tesla to BP.<\/p>\n

MEETING OBJECTIVES<\/b><\/p>\n

The meeting between South Korea and Australia marked the 10th anniversary of their free trade agreement (FTA), serving to emphasize their commitment to deepening cooperation, particularly in critical minerals and clean energy. These sectors are increasingly vital to both nations\u2019 economic and environmental goals.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahn Duk-geun and Don Farrell, the South Korean and Australian trade ministers, discussed ways to collaborate to reduce supply chain vulnerabilities and support energy transitions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Australia\u2019s <\/span>abundant reserves<\/span><\/a> of lithium, nickel and rare earth elements position it as a key player in the global market for these critical minerals, which are essential for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, semiconductors and renewable energy technologies.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea, which seeks to reduce its <\/span>heavy reliance on Chinese imports<\/span><\/a>, views Australia as a reliable partner. This partnership will help Seoul secure more stable supply lines and diversify sources in response to rising global demand and geopolitical uncertainties.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

ROK trade minister Cheong In-kyo meets with Australian trade minister Don Farrell, Sept. 2, 2024 | Image: ROK Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

BATTERY MANUFACTURING<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s battery manufacturing sector will likely benefit significantly from increased access to Australian lithium and nickel. These minerals are crucial for producing EV batteries, a market expected to grow exponentially as countries pursue aggressive carbon reduction targets and transition to electric mobility.<\/span><\/p>\n

LG Energy Solution, SK On and Samsung SDI \u2014 South Korea\u2019s leading battery manufacturers \u2014 have been actively diversifying their lithium supply chains to reduce reliance on China, which dominates the global market. China currently supplies <\/span>about 60%<\/span><\/a> of South Korea\u2019s lithium.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Australia is also a key supplier of lithium to South Korean companies, which source the mineral from major producers <\/span>Chile<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Argentina<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, expanding their use of Australian lithium will require ROK companies to compete with other international players, such as <\/span>Tesla<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Ganfeng Lithium<\/span><\/a>, which are actively seeking to secure long-term supply agreements with Australian mining companies.<\/span><\/p>\n

This heightened competition could drive up prices and make it challenging for South Korean firms to negotiate favorable terms.<\/span><\/p>\n

Additionally, Australia\u2019s strict environmental regulations, such as those requiring detailed <\/span>environmental impact assessments<\/span><\/a> and compliance with <\/span>Aboriginal land rights<\/span><\/a>, could pose significant hurdles.<\/span><\/p>\n

For instance, India\u2019s Adani Enterprises\u2019 <\/span>Carmichael coal mine project<\/span><\/a> faced years of delays due to environmental and legal challenges. Despite the company receiving the go-ahead to <\/span>start construction<\/span><\/a> in 2019, the coal mine has continued to attract <\/span>negative press coverage<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korean companies will have to proactively engage with local communities and regulators to mitigate these risks and avoid potential delays and increased compliance costs.<\/span><\/p>\n

SEMICONDUCTOR SECTOR<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s semiconductor industry will also likely benefit from enhanced cooperation with Australia. This industry relies on a steady supply of rare earth elements and other critical minerals, and an improved partnership with Australia could reduce these companies\u2019 exposure to supply shocks.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s exports rose for the 11th consecutive month in August, mostly due to global chip demand. Chip exports jumped <\/span>38.8% year over year to $11.9 billion<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

As global demand for semiconductors continues to rise \u2014 driven by advancements in artificial intelligence technology \u2014 the need for a secure supply of raw materials becomes even more pressing. Sourcing critical minerals from Australia could thus help South Korean companies maintain competitive production schedules and innovate<\/span><\/p>\n

However, price volatility remains a concern, particularly as global competition for Australian minerals, such as lithium and nickel, intensifies. For example, <\/span>auctions for mining rights<\/span><\/a> in Australia have seen bids from multiple global players, driving up costs and reducing the availability of contracts at favorable prices.<\/span><\/p>\n

Additionally, scaling up Australian imports of critical minerals may require South Korean chip manufacturers to invest in specialized processing facilities capable of refining and purifying these raw materials to meet the high purity standards necessary for semiconductor manufacturing.<\/span><\/p>\n

For instance, chip manufacturers may have to invest in <\/span>advanced chemical refineries and mineral processing plants<\/span><\/a> in Australia to ensure imported minerals are suitable for high-precision semiconductor applications. Establishing such infrastructure will likely involve significant capital expenditure.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moreover, forming new partnerships with Australian mining firms or expanding existing ones could require further investments beyond purchasing agreements. <\/span>Joint ventures<\/span><\/a> might be necessary to develop mining projects or processing facilities closer to the mining sites in Australia before shipping the minerals to South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Long-term joint ventures will likely require upfront financial commitments or guaranteed purchase volumes, which can tie up capital.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Windmills | Image: Canva<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

CLEAN ENERGY SECTOR<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s clean energy sector could also benefit from enhanced collaboration with Australia.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s <\/span>2050 carbon neutrality goal<\/span><\/a> aligns with Australia\u2019s strategic focus on expanding its renewable energy capacity and green hydrogen production. <\/span>South Korean companies<\/span><\/a> such as Hyundai Motor Group, which is advancing in hydrogen fuel cell technology, and Hanwha Q Cells, a leader in solar technology, could leverage this partnership to expand their operations and market presence in both countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Australia\u2019s emphasis on increasing renewable energy output and its robust investment in <\/span>green hydrogen production<\/span><\/a> presents new opportunities for South Korean firms to explore joint ventures and other collaborative projects. This could enable ROK companies to capitalize on Australia\u2019s natural resources and its established infrastructure in renewables.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Australia\u2019s clean energy market is highly competitive. Numerous local players like <\/span>AGL Energy<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Origin Energy<\/span><\/a> and international companies such as <\/span>Shell<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>BP<\/span><\/a> are aggressively expanding their presence in renewable energy projects across Australia.<\/span><\/p>\n

These companies have established strong relationships with local governments and possess deep knowledge of the country\u2019s energy and environmental regulations, giving them a competitive edge in securing permits and project approvals quickly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moreover, Australian investors and financial institutions are <\/span>increasingly considering<\/span><\/a> environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria when funding projects. South Korean companies will have to demonstrate robust ESG credentials to attract investment and gain approval from local stakeholders, which many will find <\/span>challenging<\/span><\/a> due to their reliance on fossil fuels.<\/span><\/p>\n

LOOKING FORWARD<\/b><\/p>\n

The deepening ties between South Korea and Australia could significantly affect their economies.<\/span><\/p>\n

While the potential for supply chain diversification and market expansion are promising, South Korean companies will likely face a litany of challenges in the Australian market.<\/span><\/p>\n

They will have to invest strategically and engage in careful risk management to leverage this partnership effectively.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by Bryan Betts<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A meeting between South Korean and Australian trade officials on Monday underscored new opportunities for ROK businesses to diversify their critical mineral supply chains away from China and enter a growing clean energy market. 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