{"id":2206298,"date":"2024-08-28T18:38:35","date_gmt":"2024-08-28T09:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2206298"},"modified":"2024-08-30T10:46:22","modified_gmt":"2024-08-30T01:46:22","slug":"south-koreas-childcare-experiment-balancing-labor-needs-and-ethics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/08\/south-koreas-childcare-experiment-balancing-labor-needs-and-ethics\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea\u2019s childcare experiment: Balancing labor needs and ethics"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korea\u2019s six-month pilot program to introduce Filipino childcare workers begins <\/span>next month<\/span><\/a>. The program aims to address the country\u2019s declining birth rate and domestic worker shortage, but its effectiveness and accessibility for target beneficiaries remain major concerns.<\/span><\/p>\n

The South Korean government initiated the program to provide <\/span>affordable childcare support<\/span><\/a> for vulnerable households, including single-parent families, those with multiple children and expectant mothers.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the monthly wages for Filipino childcare workers, ranging from $890 to $1,780, equate to nearly half of the median income for an average South Korean household, posing a significant financial burden for the low-income families the program aims to assist.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that this is a significant concern, as nearly half of the applicant households come from Seoul\u2019s wealthiest districts. This raises questions about whether the program effectively reaches its intended audience and fulfills its purpose of supporting low-income families.<\/span><\/p>\n

The initiative also faces scrutiny over proposed differentiated minimum wages for foreign workers and ambiguities in the scope of the job duties. Labor experts and human rights advocates warn of potential exploitation and the long-term negative impact this pilot program may pose on the domestic childcare industry.<\/span><\/p>\n

As South Korea aims to balance its labor needs with ethical considerations, the government faces the challenge of ensuring fair treatment for foreign and domestic workers while making the program accessible to its target demographic.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Filipino childcare workers pose at a send-off ceremony in the Philippines before flying to Seoul, Aug. 5, 2024 | Image: DMW Pre Employment and Government Placement Bureau In Action via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

DRIFT FROM ORIGINAL GOALS<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In preparation for the pilot program\u2019s start next week, 100 Filipino childcare workers \u2014 women in their 20s and 30s \u2014 completed a four-week training program in Korea, and they will be assigned to their new jobs under government supervision.<\/span><\/p>\n

The childcare workers will earn either $890 (1.19 million won) or $1,780 (2.38 million won) a month, depending on whether they work four or eight hours a day. This amount poses a substantial financial burden for low-income families considering that South Korea\u2019s average household income is about $3,847 (5.12 million won).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLess affluent families may find the cost prohibitive,\u201d Lee Kyu-yong, a senior research fellow at the Korea Labor Institute\u2019s Employment Policy Research Division, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>, raising concerns that the service might primarily benefit wealthy households rather than the intended vulnerable households.<\/span><\/p>\n

Preliminary <\/span>data<\/span><\/a> supports these concerns, revealing that nearly half of the applicant households for these childcare workers come from some of Seoul\u2019s wealthiest districts.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Reports<\/span><\/a> indicate that many applicants are more interested in the workers\u2019 English skills, indicating that they may be seeking these workers to serve as English tutors rather than childcare support.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Seoul City Mayor Oh Se-hoon, accompanied by ruling People Power Party lawmakers, delivers opening remarks at a seminar about Philippine domestic workers’ wages, Aug. 27, 2024 | Image: Seoul City Mayor’s Office<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

MINIMUM WAGE CONCERNS<\/b><\/p>\n

Currently, domestic workers \u2014 people who perform a variety of household services within residences \u2014 in South Korea are exempt from the <\/span>Labor Standards Act<\/span><\/a>, which allows employers to pay less than the minimum wage.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Filipino childcare workers entering South Korea under the pilot program will be granted E-9 visas and\u00a0<\/span>employed through household service provider agencies. This arrangement subjects them to the\u00a0Domestic Workers Act<\/a>, which mandates<\/span>\u00a0an hourly minimum wage of $7.38 (9,860 won) and insurance benefits.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul City Mayor Oh Se-hoon and ruling People Power Party lawmakers have <\/span>proposed<\/span><\/a> transferring these Filipino workers to the E-7 visa category, which would make them subject to the Labor Standards Act instead of the Domestic Workers Act. This change would allow for individual contracts with lower wages, as the workers would no longer be guaranteed a minimum wage.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts warn that such a move would lead to significant problems.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBringing in foreign workers only to pay them less than the minimum wage would lead to significant issues, including potential discrimination and challenges in attracting foreign labor in the future,\u201d Jang Young-wook, an associate research fellow at the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Exacerbating the issue is the ambiguity in the expected duties of the Filipino childcare workers. While Seoul initially aimed to include broader domestic work duties, the Philippine government emphasized that these workers are specialized childcare professionals, not domestic helpers.<\/span><\/p>\n

As a compromise, Seoul persuaded Manila to include \u201cincidental or light housekeeping services\u201d and tasks like bathing, feeding and general child care for children and pregnant women while agreeing to a \u201cone-strike\u201d policy against mistreatment of staff, with penalties for employers who violate the terms.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe current situation leaves a lot of room for misinterpretation. The employers, workers and the two governments each seem to have their own expectations,\u201d Bae Jin-kyung, president of the Korean Women Workers\u2019 Association, said.<\/span><\/p>\n

In contrast, South Korea\u2019s existing <\/span>domestic childcare system<\/span><\/a> offers clearly defined roles. Childcare helpers typically assist children up to age 12 by escorting them to school, providing temporary care and preparing meals, with an extended option that includes child-related housework.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s important to protect workers\u2019 rights and ensure that the tasks they perform fall within the agreed-upon scope of work based on standardized employment contracts with agencies,\u201d Lee of the Korea Labor Institute added.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Filipino childcare workers receive Korean language and culture understanding training, July 19, 2024 | Image: DMW Pre Employment and Government Placement Bureau In Action via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

REMAINING CHALLENGES AND THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE MONITORING<\/b><\/p>\n

Failing to specify the legal parameters will likely lead to confusion and may negatively impact South Korea\u2019s domestic worker sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf Mayor Oh switches the Filipino caregivers to the E-7 visa and expands the number of foreign domestic workers [childcare workers] who might be paid less than Korean domestic workers, that could degrade the entire care industry by lowering overall standards,\u201d Choi Hee-yeon, the head of Korean Womenlink, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

As the six-month pilot program is set to begin, Choi stressed the importance of thorough monitoring and case study collection to \u201cprevent exploitation and protect the rights and dignity of all care workers.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

To minimize conflicts and ensure the program\u2019s success, Lee of the Korea Labor Institute suggested setting up a framework for advance agreement on job details, as household needs vary widely.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Philippine government emphasized that international standards, established by organizations like the International Labor Organization (ILO), reflect both nations\u2019 commitment to uphold labor standards as part of the new program.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBoth countries have ratified international treaties that ensure equal pay and prohibit discrimination,\u201d Philippine Ambassador to South Korea Maria Theresa B. Dizon-De Vega <\/span>said<\/span><\/a> in a media interview.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea has ratified <\/span>ILO Convention No. 111<\/span><\/a>, which prohibits employment discrimination based on various factors, including race and nationality. If South Korea switches Filipino childcare workers from their E-9 to E-7 visas, as Seoul Mayor Oh Se-hoon advocates, the ROK risks finding itself contravening the ILO convention.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, South Korea was <\/span>elected<\/span><\/a> in June to chair the ILO\u2019s governing body from 2024 to 2025. Changing domestic laws to suit short-term demands from a market that appears to be drifting away from its original purpose may cause South Korea to face international criticism.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korea\u2019s six-month pilot program to introduce Filipino childcare workers begins next month. The program aims to address the country\u2019s declining birth rate and domestic worker shortage, but its effectiveness and accessibility for target beneficiaries remain major concerns. The South Korean government initiated the program to provide affordable childcare support for vulnerable households, including single-parent […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10909,"featured_media":2206307,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,25,28],"class_list":["post-2206298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-culture-society","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea\u2019s childcare experiment: Balancing labor needs and ethics - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/08\/south-koreas-childcare-experiment-balancing-labor-needs-and-ethics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea\u2019s childcare experiment: Balancing labor needs and ethics - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korea\u2019s six-month pilot program to introduce Filipino childcare workers begins next month. 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