{"id":2206136,"date":"2024-08-13T19:10:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T10:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2206136"},"modified":"2024-08-14T14:48:24","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T05:48:24","slug":"south-korea-debates-tougher-stance-on-crimes-committed-while-impaired","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/08\/south-korea-debates-tougher-stance-on-crimes-committed-while-impaired\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea debates tougher stance on crimes committed while impaired"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lawmakers from South Korea\u2019s two major parties have introduced bills to amend the <\/span>Criminal Act<\/span><\/a>, aiming to change how the legal system handles crimes committed under mental impairment or intoxication.<\/span><\/p>\n

The proposals come in response to public outrage over high-profile cases where individuals convicted of crimes have escaped harsher punishment after claiming that they did so under the influence of alcohol, or else blamed their actions on mental illness in a version of the insanity defense.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, experts have questioned the necessity of the proposed legal changes and warned of the risks of mandating overly punitive measures that limit judges\u2019 discretion in sentencing.<\/span><\/p>\n

They told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that maintaining clear legal standards for punishments is crucial and suggested that legislation should not focus just on legal loopholes that criminals allegedly abuse but also on addressing root causes through addiction treatment and mental health support.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korea’s National Assembly in Yeuido, Seoul | Image: Korea Pro (July 25, 2024)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

PROPOSED AMENDMENTS<\/b><\/p>\n

The current law stipulates that actions committed under complete mental incapacity are not punishable, while those performed under diminished capacity may result in reduced sentences.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In <\/span>2018<\/span><\/a>, South Korea\u2019s National Assembly passed an amendment to Article 10 of the Criminal Act, limiting the automatic reduction of sentences for crimes committed under diminished mental capacity. This revision gave judges discretion over reducing sentences for defendants claiming to have been in a diminished mental state at the time of their crime.<\/span><\/p>\n

In contrast, previously, the law mandated automatic sentence reductions for such cases.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response to growing public concerns over cases where offenders received lighter sentences due to claims of mental impairment, Joo Ho-young, a lawmaker from the ruling People Power Party, introduced an amendment on <\/span>June 24<\/span><\/a> targeting individuals who deliberately impair their mental state through alcohol or drug consumption to mitigate legal consequences.<\/span><\/p>\n

Less than a month later, Cho In-cheol, a lawmaker from the opposition Democratic Party, proposed a similar <\/span>amendment<\/span><\/a> to refine how mental impairment provisions are applied within the Criminal Act. The DP’s proposal emphasizes that those who cause their own impairment and then commit crimes with intent or negligence should not qualify for reduced sentences.<\/span><\/p>\n

While both parties\u2019 proposals emphasize the need for legislative solutions to the issue, neither amendment specifies the criteria for determining whether offenders intentionally impaired their mental state through alcohol or drug consumption.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Stock image of South Korean police officers chase a suspect, July 26, 2022 | Image: National Police Agency via Instagram<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

MOTIVATIONS FOR CHANGE<\/b><\/p>\n

Kim Seung-ryong, a senior secretary at the office of PPP lawmaker Joo Ho-young, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that the PPP\u2019s amendment aims to address public dissatisfaction with judicial leniency in cases involving drug or alcohol impairment.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe idea that crimes committed under the influence of drugs or alcohol should receive reduced sentences does not align with public sentiment,\u201d Kim said. The amendment seeks to \u201censure that such leniency is not granted\u201d in cases where the individual clearly intended to commit a crime after consuming these substances, he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a press release on the proposed amendment, DP lawmaker Cho In-cheol cited instances where individuals who commit serious crimes, such as sexual offenses or hit-and-runs, while intoxicated, receive comparatively lighter sentences due to their impaired state as a motivation for amending the existing legislation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho pointed out that \u201crepeat drunk driving cases account for 40% of incidents\u201d and argued that as \u201cindividuals can exercise self-control over their drinking,\u201d reducing sentences based on self-induced mental impairment \u201ccontradicts public sentiment.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

PUBLIC OUTRAGE<\/b><\/p>\n

Public calls for revising the Act grew in <\/span>2008<\/span><\/a> when a man was convicted of the brutal rape of an eight-year-old child. His sentence was reduced from 15 years to 12 years on appeal due to being inebriated at the time, fueling widespread negative perceptions of leniency for mentally impaired offenders.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>2018 Realmeter poll<\/span><\/a> showed more than 80% of South Koreans approved of abolishing provisions related to the reduction of sentences for mental impairment via intoxication.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite the 2018 reforms, repeated instances of courts issuing lenient sentences for those convicted of committing crimes while under the influence have continued to draw public criticism.<\/span><\/p>\n

In <\/span>April<\/span><\/a> this year, a man who violently assaulted a woman after accusing her of being a feminist for having short hair was issued a three-year prison sentence. The court issued a reduced sentence in light of the convict\u2019s alcohol consumption prior to the attack and his history of mental illness.<\/span><\/p>\n

That <\/span>same month<\/span><\/a>, appeal proceedings began for a man whose knife rampage resulted in the deaths of 14 people. The man\u2019s legal team argued for a reduced sentence, citing the man\u2019s mental incapacity due to suffering from severe schizophrenia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Numerous other high-profile offenders who have <\/span>sought<\/span><\/a> lighter sentences by claiming mental impairment have prompted South Korean lawmakers across the political aisle to propose their amendments to the relevant legislation.<\/span><\/p>\n

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An image of court documents being signed | Image: Pexels<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

EXPERTS WEIGH IN<\/b><\/p>\n

Experts have expressed mixed reactions to the proposed amendments:<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee Chang-hyun, a law professor at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, argued against the urgency of further legal changes, emphasizing that recent reforms have already granted judges discretion in sentencing.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cJudges can already appropriately decide whether to reduce a sentence or not,\u201d Lee told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>, questioning the need for additional legislative action.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee pointed out that courts refused to issue a lenient sentence in <\/span>Sep. 2023<\/span><\/a> for a man who was convicted of attacking a woman with the intent to rape despite the defendant\u2019s claims of diminished responsibility for having consumed alcohol and medication.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon Hae-sung, a research fellow at the Korean Institute of Criminology and Justice (KICJ), criticized the proposed amendment, warning that the potential for broad interpretations of the law could lead to arbitrary judicial decisions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cJudges can already pass sentences based on their independent evaluation of the presented evidence,\u201d Yoon told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cBut with such vague amendments to the law, it will only worsen.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Park Kyung-kyu, a senior research fellow at the KICJ, cautioned that the proposed amendment to eliminate the diminished capacity defense for crimes committed under the influence of drugs or alcohol could lead to \u201coverly severe penalties.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBy removing the consideration of foresight, the law would treat any crime committed under the influence as intentional, which might be considered overly harsh,\u201d Park said.<\/span><\/p>\n

The expert emphasized the need for a more nuanced approach. \u201cA more balanced solution might involve creating specific provisions for cases where the individual could not foresee the risk of committing a crime or establishing separate penalties for crimes committed under the influence that does not automatically equate to intentional crimes.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Park pointed to Germany\u2019s legal framework as a potential solution. Germany includes a <\/span>provision<\/span><\/a> for punishing crimes committed under the influence of alcohol or drugs with up to five years in prison under an offense called \u201cintoxicated crime.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Park suggested that South Korea could benefit from adopting a similar approach. He argued that it would help courts better assess cases involving mental impairment and foreseeability, which would, in turn, ensure more appropriate consideration of these factors when applying the law.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ultimately, he suggested that addressing the root causes, such as addiction treatment and support, alongside legal measures, \u201cmay be a more effective approach to preventing such crimes in the long term.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

As South Korea grapples with these issues, lawmakers and legal experts face balancing public safety concerns with upholding fairness in the country\u2019s justice system. The ongoing debate highlights the difficulties in crafting legislation that addresses societal concerns while maintaining legal integrity and individual rights.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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