{"id":2206042,"date":"2024-08-05T17:11:27","date_gmt":"2024-08-05T08:11:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2206042"},"modified":"2024-08-06T17:00:14","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T08:00:14","slug":"overseas-korean-adoptees-struggle-for-answers-in-the-face-of-red-tape","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/08\/overseas-korean-adoptees-struggle-for-answers-in-the-face-of-red-tape\/","title":{"rendered":"Overseas Korean adoptees struggle for answers in the face of red tape"},"content":{"rendered":"

For overseas Korean adoptees, the search for birth families is a leap into the unknown. They must confront the possibility of unearthing painful truths or hitting dead ends, all while grappling with questions of identity and belonging.<\/span><\/p>\n

The decision to start this emotionally fraught journey is deeply personal, often driven by a longing for closure, a desire to connect with one\u2019s roots, or a sense of duty to future generations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Robert Kim Kippers, adopted by a Dutch-Canadian family at age 10 in the early 1970s, waited until retirement to confront his own hidden history. A Canadian documentary sparked his journey, exposing the <\/span>fraudulent records<\/span><\/a> used to facilitate overseas adoptions like his own.<\/span><\/p>\n

The film sowed doubts about the truthfulness of his own papers. With time and financial stability on his side, Kippers resolved to visit South Korea and unravel the mystery of his origins.<\/span><\/p>\n

But his search revealed that numerous bureaucratic, linguistic and cultural hurdles stand in the way of adoptees finding their family members, even as South Korea slowly makes changes that some hope will improve the process.<\/span><\/p>\n

NAVIGATING BARRIERS AND BUREAUCRACY<\/b><\/p>\n

For many adoptees, the path to their past is riddled with roadblocks. Unlike Kippers, not all have the financial means or flexibility to travel to South Korea independently. Conducting a search from abroad has limitations, and the costs of visiting can be prohibitive.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some adoptees seek sponsorship through organizations like <\/span>Me & Korea<\/span><\/a>, which has brought around 25 adult English-speaking adoptees a year to explore their origins since 2013. However, competition for these spots is fierce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Those who embark on the journey alone often struggle to find a starting point. Language barriers can further impede progress for adoptees who don\u2019t speak Korean. Kippers enlisted the help of this writer, but those without personal connections or language skills may need to hire interpreters or turn to nonprofits and NGOs for assistance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Regardless of the approach, most adoptees begin by contacting their Korean adoption agency. Four main organizations handle overseas adoptions: <\/span>Eastern Social Welfare Society<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Holt Korea<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Korea Social Service<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Korea Welfare Services<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adoptees request their complete records, which often contain information not previously disclosed to their adoptive parents. Those who can travel to South Korea may request an in-person file viewing for a more comprehensive look at their history.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

An illustration of an old cabinet containing files | Image: Korea Pro<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

INCONSISTENCIES AND DEAD ENDS<\/b><\/p>\n

Kippers\u2019 experience with his adoption agency highlights the inconsistencies and challenges adoptees face in accessing information. Before arriving in Korea, he received his file from a post-adoption services social worker. Later, he viewed the file in person at the agency\u2019s Seoul office, photographing the contents and enlisting acquaintances to interpret.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the level of access and disclosure varies greatly between agencies and individuals.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to Paperslip<\/a>, a volunteer organization run by adoptees from Korea Social Service (KSS) and its partner agencies in Western countries, each agency\u2019s post-adoption service follows its own protocols within the scope of the <\/span>Special Adoption Law<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The forms for information disclosure and birth family search requests are not standardized, leading to a lack of transparency and oversight. Crucial documentation may be withheld, and outcomes often hinge on the discretion of individual staff members. Those willing to bend the rules or leverage institutional knowledge can open doors, while others may declare cases closed prematurely.<\/span><\/p>\n

Paperslip told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that it advises adoptees to persist even if initial searches prove unsuccessful, as they can request a fresh search after one year.<\/span><\/p>\n

Agencies are supposed to send registered letters to birth parents\u2019 last known addresses, but these often go unanswered or undelivered. Birth parents may be reluctant to respond, or the addresses may be outdated.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ultimately, the adoptee\u2019s right to information is subordinate to the biological parent\u2019s privacy rights under the law. Personal and contact details cannot be disclosed without consent, and further complications arise when birth parents are deceased or the <\/span>adoptees\u2019 descendants<\/span><\/a> seek information.<\/span><\/p>\n

In Kippers\u2019 case, a social worker declared his leads exhausted, failing to inform him of other avenues, such as the state-run National Center for the Rights of the Child (NCRC).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kara Rickmers, secretary general of <\/span>Global Overseas Adoptees\u2019 Link<\/span><\/a> (GOAL), told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that adoptees often wait months for the NCRC to respond to their petitions, only to receive automated, unhelpful replies.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kippers was advised to contact local media in the town where his orphanage was located, register his DNA with the police database for missing children and regularly post on the NCRC\u2019s digital bulletin board \u2014 a scattershot approach.<\/span><\/p>\n

GLIMMERS OF HOPE<\/b><\/p>\n

The paths suggested to Kippers, while potentially helpful, have their own hurdles. Overseas adoptees can register their DNA at local police stations in South Korea or at one of 34 ROK embassies or consulates abroad.<\/span><\/p>\n

The National Police Agency <\/span>expanded<\/span><\/a> the test to include sibling matches in Dec. 2023, but Paperslip told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that the government has not sufficiently publicized this change.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chae Jinyi, an independent volunteer who assisted Kippers with the NCRC bulletin board, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that the information was \u201cdifficult to find,\u201d hosted on the NCRC\u2019s predecessor organization\u2019s website. She cited functional issues common to South Korean websites, like broken search and filter features that made manual scans necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amid these obstacles, the search process itself is in flux. A <\/span>2023 legislative amendment<\/span><\/a>, effective July 19, 2025, will centralize searches under the NCRC rather than adoption agencies. Domestic organizations holding about 250,000 adoption records must transfer them to the NCRC by the deadline.<\/span><\/p>\n

This shift may cause smaller agencies like KSS, now focused solely on post-adoption services, to close their physical offices.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, NCRC Director Jeong Ik-jung admitted in an <\/span>op-ed<\/span><\/a> that budget, staffing and time shortages already hinder preparations for this systemic change. Without proper funding, he argued, the NCRC cannot fulfill adoptees\u2019 right to information or preserve newly transferred records.<\/span><\/p>\n

While the NCRC plans to construct a <\/span>permanent records center<\/span><\/a> by early 2029, which is estimated to cost about $22 million (30 billion won), it must arrange a temporary storage facility in the meantime to secure the files transferred by July 2025.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

An illustration of a person bogged down by bureaucratic red tape | Image: Korea Pro<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

GOVERNMENTAL HURDLES AND COMMUNITY HOPE<\/b><\/p>\n

Governmental misalignment further complicates the NCRC\u2019s preparedness. The finance ministry <\/span>rejected<\/span><\/a> a $3.5 million (4.8 billion won) funding request in July from the health ministry, under which the NCRC was established.<\/span><\/p>\n

The funds were earmarked for temporary records storage, surveying existing records and designing the permanent records center. However, the finance ministry argued that the records fall under the <\/span>Public Records Act<\/span><\/a> and should be held, at least temporarily, by the <\/span>National Archives of Korea<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rickmers of GOAL anticipates increased bureaucratic hurdles for adoptees when the NCRC assumes control of all records. She fears the organization\u2019s broad mandate may sideline adoptee interests and echoed Paperslip\u2019s concerns about backlogs and reduced collaboration with designated NCRC caseworkers on individual cases.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite the obstacles, community support and serendipity can sometimes prevail. For Kippers, a breakthrough came after meeting with the director of the Hapcheon orphanage, who provided an intake document indicating his birth village. Word spread through the surrounding hamlets, ultimately leading to reunions with a maternal uncle and cousin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kippers acknowledged the powerful role of local community and luck in his success, a sentiment echoed by Rickmers, who noted that the biggest breakthroughs often come from ordinary people opening their hearts and networks to adoptees seeking answers.<\/span><\/p>\n

As adoptees, birth families and descendants continue to age, there is an urgent need for the government and relevant organizations to dismantle barriers at every stage of this complicated journey. Time is of the essence, and adoptees are anxious for a more streamlined, compassionate process that prioritizes their right to know their origins.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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