{"id":2205725,"date":"2024-07-09T17:06:55","date_gmt":"2024-07-09T08:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2205725"},"modified":"2024-07-10T17:57:15","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T08:57:15","slug":"south-koreas-ambitious-foreign-policy-risks-overextension-and-inconsistency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/07\/south-koreas-ambitious-foreign-policy-risks-overextension-and-inconsistency\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea\u2019s ambitious foreign policy risks overextension and inconsistency"},"content":{"rendered":"

President Yoon Suk-yeol’s diplomatic strategy aims to establish South Korea as a \u201c<\/span>Global Pivotal State (GPS)<\/span><\/a>,\u201d but this approach raises concerns about the country\u2019s ability to maintain focus and deliver on its long-term commitments, especially considering the potential for inconsistency due to domestic political changes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since assuming office in 2022, Yoon has sought to position South Korea as a defender of liberal democracy, human rights and the rule of law. This contrasts with the previous Moon Jae-in administration, which <\/span>prioritized<\/span><\/a> improving relations with North Korea at the expense of pursuing a more global focus beyond the Korean Peninsula.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon has engaged in multilateral outreach, emphasizing South Korea\u2019s role as a \u201cresponsible stakeholder\u201d in addressing global challenges such as green technology, infrastructure, digital access, governance and social development.<\/span><\/p>\n

He has met with over 90 world leaders and expanded South Korea\u2019s bilateral and regional engagements beyond its traditional focus on ties with the U.S., Japan, China and Russia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Key achievements include establishing a \u201c<\/span>semiconductor alliance<\/span><\/a>\u201d with the Netherlands, strengthening economic and security cooperation with <\/span>ASEAN countries<\/span><\/a>, enhancing strategic partnerships with <\/span>Middle Eastern nations<\/span><\/a>, and holding South Korea\u2019s first standalone summits with <\/span>Pacific Island countries<\/span><\/a> in 2023 and <\/span>48 African nations<\/span><\/a> in June.<\/span><\/p>\n

These summits focused on cooperation in areas such as artificial intelligence, defense, green energy, maritime security and development.<\/span><\/p>\n

The international community has generally responded positively to South Korea\u2019s GPS ambition, viewing it as a contribution to multilateral cooperation. The U.S. expressed support for Seoul\u2019s initiatives in its <\/span>2023 Integrated Country Strategy<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, as South Korea engages in a wide range of initiatives across various fields, there are concerns that it may overextend itself, resulting in a lack of depth and focus in its global outreach.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol meets with Romanian President Klaus Iohannis, April 23, 2024 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

CONSISTENCY AND FOCUS CONCERNS<\/b><\/p>\n

As South Korea rushes to initiate new partnerships and lead in a vast array of fields, including semiconductors, AI, quantum technology, defense, digital ethics and development, a Seoul-based diplomat remarked that the country appears to be \u201cdoing too much\u201d and \u201cspreading itself too thin.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Compared to other middle-power nations that typically pursue a narrow area of expertise to expand their global influence, South Korea\u2019s lack of a focused strategy may result in superficial agreements and mere photo ops.<\/span><\/p>\n

Another significant concern is consistency, as South Korea\u2019s <\/span>polarized domestic politics<\/span><\/a> often lead to new presidents scrapping their predecessors\u2019 signature policies. In fact, the country\u2019s current GPS is an updated version of the Lee Myung-bak administration\u2019s <\/span>Global Korea<\/span><\/a>, conceived by Yoon\u2019s principal deputy national security adviser, Kim Tae-hyo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Global Korea marked South Korea\u2019s coming-of-age as a sizeable middle power, building on its <\/span>transition<\/span><\/a> from an aid recipient to a donor country in 2010. It set the \u201cexpansion of contribution diplomacy\u201d as a core task, increasing foreign aid, promoting peace and security and demonstrating leadership on <\/span>green growth<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

During this time, the Global Green Growth Institute and the Green Climate Fund established their headquarters in the country.<\/span><\/p>\n

Notable achievements during the Global Korea era include successfully hosting the G20 Summit in 2010 and the Nuclear Security Summit in 2012, which saw the largest turnout of world leaders in the country\u2019s history. South Korea also won the bid to host the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, South Korea\u2019s progress as a global player lost momentum as then-President Park Geun-hye focused more on Northeast Asia politics, and Moon Jae-in further narrowed the spectrum to peninsula-centric diplomacy. Moreover, Moon\u2019s reversal of Lee\u2019s nuclear power policy <\/span>damaged the country\u2019s role<\/span><\/a> and credibility in the global energy industry.<\/span><\/p>\n

REASONS FOR OPTIMISM<\/b><\/p>\n

Despite past setbacks and concerns over its broad-based aspirations, diplomatic experts see reasons for optimism about South Korea’s GPS strategy.<\/span><\/p>\n

While South Korea\u2019s global outreach is wide-ranging, it does not necessarily lack focus or substance. Its diverse engagements reflect a growing capacity for versatility. Yoon\u2019s overseas trips often include an <\/span>entourage of conglomerate moguls<\/span><\/a> from companies like Samsung, SK, Hyundai and Lotte, showcasing South Korea\u2019s strengths in strategic industries.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSouth Korea happens to be extremely advanced in critical industries, such as AI, semiconductors, batteries and infrastructure which cut across all sectors, enabling its cooperation to be that much more diverse,\u201d Philippe Li, the <\/span>president of think tank <\/span>Korea Europe & You<\/span><\/a>, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIts technological advancement and its ability to get things done make it an attractive partner, but its winning quality is the willingness to be flexible in negotiations and accommodate the diverse needs of each country it works with,\u201d Li said, citing Seoul\u2019s unexpected <\/span>2010 mega-deal<\/span><\/a> to build four nuclear power plants in the United Arab Emirates.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to Park Jong-dae, a visiting professor at Yonsei University\u2019s Graduate School of International Studies and a former ambassador to South Africa, South Korea\u2019s flexible attitude has made it a strategic development partner for many developing nations, as demonstrated by the turnout of 48 heads of government at its Korea-Africa Summit in June.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMany of the leaders were there to hold bilaterals with President Yoon,\u201d Park told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cBased on its own experience of development and rapid industrialization, South Korea can offer tailored support for each country in a way that is more relevant to their respective contexts.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol meets with Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, June 14, 2024 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

STRATEGIC ADVANTAGES<\/b><\/p>\n

Further, while most advanced economies have <\/span>reduced foreign aid and multilateral initiatives<\/span><\/a> in recent years, South Korea <\/span>raised<\/span><\/a> its Official Development Assistance budget by 31% this year and offers customized ways to foster sustainable growth and innovation.<\/span><\/p>\n

For instance, concessional loans to Uzbekistan aim to help the country establish a <\/span>pharmaceutical cluster<\/span><\/a> through academic exchanges and start-up programs.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea has also been practical in its approach, avoiding overstretching its resources. During Yoon\u2019s <\/span>Central Asia tour<\/span><\/a> last month, Seoul signed numerous bilateral deals aimed at promoting trade, investment, administrative support, financing, visa schemes and human resources training without making excessive commitments.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s office <\/span>stated<\/span><\/a> that such agreements would lay the groundwork for mutually beneficial exchanges in areas like low-carbon energy, infrastructure, transport and cutting-edge research in AI, education and development policy.<\/span><\/p>\n

This pragmatic approach to partnership, combined with willing state-backed firms and corporate participants, has boosted South Korea\u2019s credibility among emerging, resource-rich economies that have historically been dominated by great powers.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCentral Asian countries were dominated by the Mongolian empire and Imperial Russia. After their independence, there has been rivalry among, for example, China, Russia, the United States and Japan. So they\u2019re very sensitive to these factors. But for Korea, the advantage is we do not have a hidden agenda or ulterior motives,\u201d said Park of Yonsei University.<\/span><\/p>\n

NEED FOR POLICY CONTINUITY<\/b><\/p>\n

In a world characterized by intense geopolitical rivalry, nationalism and trade protectionism, South Korea\u2019s growing role in global governance has been a welcome development. Given the high demand for collaboration with South Korea and its apparent peak in <\/span>global soft power<\/span><\/a>, the country is attempting to seize this momentum to expand and solidify its partnerships.<\/span><\/p>\n

Park emphasized the importance of investing more resources and effort into researching other countries, stating, \u201cIt is time that we greatly expand the boundaries of cooperation and build the foundation for stronger exchanges.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

However, South Korea needs consistent follow-up measures and strong domestic support to ensure policy continuity. While the South Korean public remains <\/span>relatively favorable<\/span><\/a> toward Yoon\u2019s foreign policy, likely as a result of recognizing the need to raise the country\u2019s global standing, it remains to be seen if South Korean leaders can overcome their partisan differences.<\/span><\/p>\n

Going forward, the GPS strategy must evolve beyond a status-seeking mantra, allowing its successes to speak for themselves while learning from criticism and past failures, such as the <\/span>unsuccessful bid to host the 2030 World Expo<\/span><\/a> in Busan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe international community doesn\u2019t need to hear South Korea blowing its own trumpet by mobilizing K-pop stars or working through a bucket list of global achievements to its name,\u201d one former Korean diplomat told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Instead, the diplomat emphasized that South Korea should appeal to partners as a mature democracy that can work practically with them, demonstrating humility and an appreciation for their context and culture. \u201cThat should be the way forward for GPS,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

President Yoon Suk-yeol’s diplomatic strategy aims to establish South Korea as a \u201cGlobal Pivotal State (GPS),\u201d but this approach raises concerns about the country\u2019s ability to maintain focus and deliver on its long-term commitments, especially considering the potential for inconsistency due to domestic political changes. Since assuming office in 2022, Yoon has sought to position […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2205726,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-2205725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea\u2019s ambitious foreign policy risks overextension and inconsistency - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/07\/south-koreas-ambitious-foreign-policy-risks-overextension-and-inconsistency\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea\u2019s ambitious foreign policy risks overextension and inconsistency - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"President Yoon Suk-yeol’s diplomatic strategy aims to establish South Korea as a \u201cGlobal Pivotal State (GPS),\u201d but this approach raises concerns about the country\u2019s ability to maintain focus and deliver on its long-term commitments, especially considering the potential for inconsistency due to domestic political changes. 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