{"id":2205305,"date":"2024-05-31T14:38:33","date_gmt":"2024-05-31T05:38:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2205305"},"modified":"2024-06-03T18:31:45","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T09:31:45","slug":"seoul-forced-to-navigate-geopolitical-minefield-after-icc-targets-israel-hamas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/05\/seoul-forced-to-navigate-geopolitical-minefield-after-icc-targets-israel-hamas\/","title":{"rendered":"Seoul forced to navigate geopolitical minefield after ICC targets Israel, Hamas"},"content":{"rendered":"

The International Criminal Court\u2019s (ICC) decision to seek arrest warrants for the leaders of Hamas and Israel has placed South Korea in a difficult diplomatic position, forcing the country to weigh its relationships with international partners against its advocacy for global norms.<\/span><\/p>\n

The ICC\u2019s move has sparked international controversy and global diplomatic tension. U.S. officials, including President Joe Biden, have criticized the court. Senator Lindsey Graham warned Congress, \u201cIf they\u2019ll do this to Israel, we\u2019re next.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Although Seoul has largely sidestepped the conflict and avoided commenting directly on Israel\u2019s military strikes in Gaza, experts suggested the spat may soon spill over to U.S. allies.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEspecially at a time when the ROK\u2019s role in the U.N. and its international status is rising, South Korea may face an awkward situation of raising voices about, for instance, North Korean human rights issues while staying largely silent about civilian deaths in other parts of the world,\u201d Min Tae-eun, a researcher at the Korea Institute for National Unification (KINU), told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt will be important for ROK authorities to prepare to take a stance if needed in the future, but for now, it seems most realistic that ROK will not comment about the conflict in the Middle East unless pushed.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

BREWING DIPLOMATIC SPAT<\/b><\/p>\n

In response to Washington\u2019s criticism of the arrest warrants, ICC chief prosecutor Karim Khan claimed that a \u201csenior leader\u201d from the U.S. pressured him not to pursue Israeli leaders, stating that the court was meant for \u201cthugs like Putin\u201d and Africa, not for the U.S. and its allies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Various experts immediately criticized the alleged statement as a sign of the U.S. applying different norms for itself and its allies.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington maintains that the ICC lacks jurisdiction over citizens from non-member states such as Israel and the U.S., challenging the court\u2019s authority on the grounds that Israel is not a party to the Rome Statute.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe U.S. opposition against the ICC goes beyond Israel because of the Constitution. American citizens cannot be tried by a higher court than the U.S. Supreme Court because that is as high as it goes in America,\u201d Arius Derr, a Ph.D candidate at The Australian National University (ANU) who researches U.S. foreign policy, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere is a perception in Tel Aviv and Washington that international institutions such as the ICC equate Hamas, a terrorist organization, with Israel, a free democracy,\u201d the expert said. \u201cWhether or not this is true, the concern is that Israeli citizens cannot possibly get a fair trial at the international court, thus the opposition.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

However, other experts viewed the situation as a more complicated form of geopolitical maneuvering.<\/span><\/p>\n

The U.S. response to the ICC decision was \u201cnot necessarily because Washington supports whatever Israel does, but due to strategic judgment\u201d about Israel\u2019s utility for the U.S., said Min of KINU.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kang Won-gu, a research professor at the Institute of Middle East Studies at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS), agreed that the U.S. is under pressure to maintain influence in the Middle East, which has waned over the past few administrations with China trying to fill the vacuum.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kang pointed out that the ICC arrest warrant is largely symbolic and impractical due to a lack of recognition of the court\u2019s jurisdiction in many parts of the world, but emphasized that it influences public opinion and could thus put pressure on South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cShortly after Biden came into office, his administration raised concerns about violence in the Middle East, such as in Saudi Arabia, in a way that aligned with American values of liberal democracy. However, the U.S. has not been consistent in demanding Israel\u2019s adherence to those same values,\u201d Kang said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Amnesty International published in April a <\/span>research briefing<\/span><\/a> documenting the use of U.S.-supplied weapons by Israel to commit violations of international law in Gaza.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019m not saying that we should overlook the atrocities Hamas has committed, but ambiguous messaging about Israel is strategically unwise, as it may negatively impact Middle Eastern dynamics,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

International Criminal Court Chief Prosecutor Karim Khan announces arrest warrants for Hamas and Israeli figures, May 20, 2024 | Image: International Criminal Court<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

SOUTH KOREA\u2019S DILEMMA<\/b><\/p>\n

The ICC\u2019s decision tests South Korea\u2019s diplomatic capabilities to uphold its principles of universal rights and global democratic order while managing strategic security relationships.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea is preparing to chair the U.N. Security Council, and while the role is largely symbolic, the position puts the ROK in the spotlight and serves as a testing ground for influencing discussions on international security.<\/span><\/p>\n

How South Korea navigates this role could set a precedent for its future diplomatic engagements and standing in the international arena.<\/span><\/p>\n

The challenge is particularly notable as Seoul\u2019s foreign ministry reaffirmed its resolve to make the country a \u201cglobal pivotal state\u201d committed to rules-based international order, while simultaneously facing pressure to align with its ally, the U.S.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aligning closely with the U.S. position will help safeguard South Korea\u2019s security and economic ties, but it could alienate other international partners and undermine its advocacy for global norms and the rule of law, especially as it attempts to rally other nations to condemn North Korea\u2019s nuclear weapons program and human rights abuses.<\/span><\/p>\n

This issue is significant as some European nations that have recognized Palestine\u2019s statehood have also signaled their support for the ICC\u2019s actions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Additionally, South Korea has to be mindful of Arab nations. It has invested significant money and political capital to improve relations with Middle Eastern countries, such as the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia.<\/span><\/p>\n

As a result, South Korea also voted for Palestine\u2019s U.N. membership, which Kang of HUFS described as \u201cquite unexpected.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Kang explained that South Korea\u2019s vote likely reflected its concerns about maintaining positive relations with the Global South and Arab nations with which Seoul has been bolstering ties.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s actions also likely reflect its concerns about China\u2019s growing involvement in global affairs. China has already used its role as a mediator between Saudi Arabia and Iran to make itself a vital player in the region.<\/span><\/p>\n

As any waning of U.S. influence in the region will likely benefit China, South Korea likely views its relations with Middle Eastern countries through the lens of the intensifying U.S.-China rivalry, Kang said.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Derr of ANU stated that the war in Gaza does not present a \u201cparticularly challenging geopolitical situation for South Korea, nor will it create any issues for the U.S.-ROK alliance.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOf course, instability anywhere poses particular economic challenges for a country so reliant on global trade, like South Korea, but the Middle East has long been synonymous with instability, and it seems far-fetched to say that the war in Gaza seriously endangers Korean economic interests,\u201d Derr added.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe U.S. has long been at odds with key NATO allies over its Israel and Palestine policies, but this has not imperiled that alliance. The same goes for the alliance on the peninsula.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korea’s foreign ministry holds a meeting to discuss pending issues to address at the U.N. Security Council, May 29, 2024 | Image: ROK Ministry of Foreign Affairs<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

BALANCING INTERESTS AND PRINCIPLES<\/b><\/p>\n

Experts told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that South Korea should maintain its distance from the conflict while emphasizing international justice, considering the ICC\u2019s future utility for Seoul.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSouth Korea wants to support the ICC because it generally supports international institutions as a middle power and sees value in the international court bringing charges against the North Korean leadership,\u201d Derr of ANU said.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis may mean future votes and public statements that do not necessarily align with the U.S. in the Middle East,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Min of KINU said that it would be \u201cprudent to stay low-key,\u201d but if pushed by diplomatic partners, South Korea should unequivocally state its objection to crimes against humanity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kang of HUFS said South Korean policymakers will focus more on what will benefit Seoul in terms of trade and industries. They will judge the benefits of improving trade ties with Arab nations and cooperating with Israel\u2019s advanced tech sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Kang agreed with Min that Seoul will need to maintain neutrality while speaking out against harming civilians.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea will likely maintain its current position of supporting Palestinian statehood while keeping its distance from the conflict. However, Seoul\u2019s actions may vary depending on the outcome of truce negotiations in Qatar, experts said.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Seoul will likely have to change its approach if there is significant enough change within the U.S., Min and Kang said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhile South Koreans have not held mass protests about the war in Gaza, there have been persistent and loud protests among college campuses across the U.S. and Europe,\u201d Kang said, adding that such movements can ultimately affect a country\u2019s foreign policy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSo, naturally, South Korea is likely keeping a close eye on Washington to see if or when it might change its policy toward Israel.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Joon Ha Park and Lina Park contributed to this analysis. Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The International Criminal Court\u2019s (ICC) decision to seek arrest warrants for the leaders of Hamas and Israel has placed South Korea in a difficult diplomatic position, forcing the country to weigh its relationships with international partners against its advocacy for global norms. The ICC\u2019s move has sparked international controversy and global diplomatic tension. U.S. officials, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5770,"featured_media":2205309,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-2205305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nSeoul forced to navigate geopolitical minefield after ICC targets Israel, Hamas - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/05\/seoul-forced-to-navigate-geopolitical-minefield-after-icc-targets-israel-hamas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Seoul forced to navigate geopolitical minefield after ICC targets Israel, Hamas - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The International Criminal Court\u2019s (ICC) decision to seek arrest warrants for the leaders of Hamas and Israel has placed South Korea in a difficult diplomatic position, forcing the country to weigh its relationships with international partners against its advocacy for global norms. 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