{"id":2205024,"date":"2024-05-08T16:45:57","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T07:45:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2205024"},"modified":"2024-05-08T16:45:57","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T07:45:57","slug":"south-koreas-political-landscape-faces-turmoil-amid-absence-of-compromise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/05\/south-koreas-political-landscape-faces-turmoil-amid-absence-of-compromise\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea\u2019s political landscape faces turmoil amid absence of compromise"},"content":{"rendered":"

Recent legislative developments in South Korea, including the passage of the Itaewon disaster bill and the approval of a special probe into a marine\u2019s death, have escalated tensions between President Yoon Suk-yeol and the main opposition Democratic Party (DP).<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts warn that these events may deepen political divides and exacerbate the volatile political landscape of the upcoming 22nd National Assembly, particularly if Yoon wields his veto power to continue to oppose bills that the DP deems necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Itaewon disaster bill, which comes more than 550 days after the crowd crush incident, was the result of a rare bipartisan effort to re-investigate the disaster\u2019s cause. However, that spirit of bipartisan unity ended after the DP unilaterally passed a bill aiming to appoint an independent special counsel to probe the suspected concealment of details surrounding the death of a marine during search-and-rescue operations amid severe floods last July.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP\u2019s unilateral approval of the special probe bill led to a walkout by ruling People Power Party (PPP) lawmakers during the National Assembly\u2019s voting session, escalating tensions between the presidential office and the opposition.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts expressed concerns to <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> regarding these legislative developments. While they acknowledged that the Itaewon disaster bill signifies progress, they emphasized that the unilateral introduction of the special investigation bill for the marine\u2019s death may deepen political divides.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Members of the 10.29 Itaewon Tragedy Victims’ Family Association welcome the bill’s passing with Democratic Party lawmakers in front of the National Assembly, May 2, 2024 | Image: Democratic Party lawmaker O Kyeong Lim via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

BIPARTISAN COMPROMISE<\/b><\/p>\n

The National Assembly unanimously passed the special act mandating a re-investigation of the Itaewon disaster\u2019s root cause during a plenary session last week. The bill\u2019s passage is notable as Yoon vetoed a similar bill in <\/span>January<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, a day before the bill\u2019s passing, PPP and DP representatives reached a bipartisan agreement to revise the bill, addressing contested articles specifically regarding the establishment of a special commission to reexamine the cause of the Itaewon disaster.<\/span><\/p>\n

This discussion led to the removal of clauses that the PPP identified as \u201ctoxic.\u201d For instance, they agreed to remove Article 28, which conferred authority upon a commission to investigate specific cases, and Article 30, which empowered the commission to seek warrants when parties repeatedly refused to submit data.<\/span><\/p>\n

The revised legislation also prioritizes bipartisan discussions for membership selection. Under the new bill, the committee will consist of nine members, with the National Assembly speaker nominating one member and the ruling and opposition parties each nominating four members. The commission\u2019s mandate is set at one year, with the possibility of a three-month extension if necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n

The presidential office welcomed the bill\u2019s revision, with a spokesperson expressing hope for continued agreements and cooperation between the ruling and opposition parties on various national issues.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jang Yong-geun, a constitutional law professor at Hongik University, criticized the delay in reaching a compromise but acknowledged that the bipartisan effort to grant investigative powers is a \u201cstep in the right direction.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Rhee Jong-hoon, a lead consultant for Politics and Business Consulting, echoed Jang, noting that adjustments were made from both sides of the political aisle, leading to the bill\u2019s successful passage.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis approach to compromise could serve as a model for other bills. Partially accommodating opposition demands is better than outright opposition, which leads to political deadlock and achieves nothing,\u201d Rhee said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

ROK Marine Corporal Chae Su-geun’s funeral photo (center), Korean War marine veterans salute during the anniversary of the retaking of Seoul on Sept. 25, 2023 | Image: ROK Marine Corps<\/a> via Facebook<\/a>, edited by Korea Pro<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

DEATH OF A MARINE<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korean marine Corporal Chae Su-geun died in <\/span>July<\/span><\/a> after being swept up by strong currents during search-and-rescue operations amid heavy floods. Later reports <\/span>revealed<\/span><\/a> that the ROK Marine Corps did not provide Chae nor other conscripts with lifejackets and had not taken adequate safety measures.<\/span><\/p>\n

Colonel Park Jung-hun, the ROK Marine Corps provost marshal, led a <\/span>preliminary investigation<\/span><\/a> into the case within the military and recommended negligence charges against various commanders. Despite initial approval from then-defense minister Lee Jong-sup, he later issued an order to put off the transfer of the case to the police, citing the need for further review.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP has since raised suspicions that the Yoon administration may have attempted to influence the investigation into Chae’s death.<\/span><\/p>\n

As suspicions of alleged government intervention mounted, <\/span>former marines<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>human rights groups<\/span><\/a> have called on the government and the National Assembly to thoroughly investigate Chae\u2019s death and uncover any potential abuse of power.<\/span><\/p>\n

Last Thursday, the National Assembly passed a special act <\/span>requiring<\/span><\/a> an independent prosecutor to investigate alleged external interference in the investigation of Chae\u2019s death. During the plenary session, opposition lawmakers passed the special act with unanimous support.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ruling PPP lawmakers boycotted the vote to protest the opposition parties\u2019 passage of the bill. Only Kim Woong, a PPP lawmaker not aligned with Yoon\u2019s faction, voted in favor of the bill.<\/span><\/p>\n

The PPP has since expressed its <\/span>intent<\/span><\/a> to propose that Yoon employs his veto power to prevent the bill from becoming law.<\/span><\/p>\n

Following the bill\u2019s approval, the president\u2019s chief of staff condemned the politicization of Chae\u2019s death, denouncing the enactment of the special counsel prosecution bill as \u201cpoor political maneuvering.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol delivers a keynote speech at the National Assembly on the 2023 budget proposal and fund management plan, Oct. 25, 2022 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

VETO IMPLICATIONS<\/b><\/p>\n

The South Korean <\/span>Constitution<\/span><\/a> grants the president the authority to veto legislation, enabling the executive to hinder bills deemed inappropriate. However, experts have noted that excessive or improperly deliberated use of this power can significantly impact governance and public confidence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon has vetoed nine pieces of legislation since assuming office, including the initially approved version of the Itaewon disaster bill in January. If Yoon vetoes the special probe bill regarding the marine\u2019s death, he will become the <\/span>first<\/span><\/a> South Korean president since the country\u2019s democratization in 1987 to deploy the veto 10 times within a single five-year term.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhile the president has the legal right to veto legislation, it is crucial to consider the broader political and moral responsibilities associated with exercising this power,\u201d Cho Jin-man, a professor of political science at Duksung Women\u2019s University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cVetoing a bill should not be the end goal but rather a step toward constructive problem-solving. But the Yoon administration seems content simply to exercise its veto power rather than engaging in meaningful dialogue with the opposition,\u201d Cho added.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rhee from Politics and Business Consulting echoed Cho\u2019s assessment, emphasizing that public acceptance of the president\u2019s explanations for his vetoes ultimately matters most.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf the public views the president\u2019s use of his veto power as unjustified or partisan, it could erode trust in the government and lead to a backlash against both the president and his party,\u201d Rhee said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Former ROK Marine reservists and representatives from the six newly-elected opposition parties for the 22nd National Assembly call for a swift passing of the special probe bill into the death of Corporal Chae Su-geun, April 19, 2024 | Image: Jinbo Party lawmaker Kang Seong-hee<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

CONTESTED BILL<\/b><\/p>\n

Despite the positions taken by the presidential office and the PPP, a recent <\/span>National Barometer Survey poll<\/span><\/a> showed that 67% of South Koreans support the enactment of a special counsel investigation bill concerning the handling of Marine Corporal Chae\u2019s death.<\/span><\/p>\n

As political tensions mount over the bill\u2019s fate, human rights activists and former marines have supported it, calling on the president to refrain from vetoing the special probe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rhee of Politics and Business Consulting implied that if the ruling party or the president had addressed the issue more practically, it might not have escalated to the point of needing special legislation.<\/span><\/p>\n

“This shouldn\u2019t be about pushing either a conservative or progressive agenda. It should be about trying to find out what happened and making sure that such incidents never happen again,\u201d Rhee told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Jang from Hongik University and Cho from Duksung Women\u2019s University emphasized the lack of consultation and compromise between the opposing political parties regarding the bill, suggesting that political machinations hinder progress.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis obstruction hinders the clear identification of underlying causes and the prevention of similar issues from recurring in the future,\u201d Cho stated.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jang agreed, pointing out that the special act\u2019s unilateral passage and clauses calling for the appointment of a special prosecutor could lead to further friction.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf the DP appoints individuals who align with their agenda, it risks straying from the fundamental role of delivering impartial information to the public for informed judgment,\u201d Jang noted.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho further explained that the process of initiating a bill influences how the special investigation is conducted.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSpecial investigations are inherently political processes. The nature and intensity of the investigation would be influenced by whether bills are passed through discussions and agreements or unilaterally,\u201d Cho noted.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cho stated that the presidential office and the PPP would perceive another vote on Chae\u2019s death as being forced to succumb and relinquish control to the opposition.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAs the 21st National Assembly concludes and the 22nd is about to commence, this political tension around the special probe feels like a teaser for what\u2019s to come for the next four years,\u201d Cho said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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