{"id":2204885,"date":"2024-04-29T17:29:22","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T08:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2204885"},"modified":"2024-05-02T16:35:53","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T07:35:53","slug":"why-gangwon-province-turned-its-back-on-the-democratic-party-in-the-election","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/04\/why-gangwon-province-turned-its-back-on-the-democratic-party-in-the-election\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Gangwon Province turned its back on the Democratic Party in the election"},"content":{"rendered":"

Despite the Democratic Party\u2019s (DP) <\/span>landslide victory<\/span><\/a> in the recent 22nd general election, securing 171 seats to the People Power Party\u2019s (PPP) 108, the DP suffered a defeat in Gangwon Province.<\/span><\/p>\n

The PPP clinched six out of the eight seats in the province, with the DP losing one seat compared to the 2020 election. Gangwon Province, the least densely populated province in South Korea, is traditionally a swing state in Korean politics, with the two major parties enjoying relatively even support.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the 2020 election, the DP secured three seats, while the PPP won five, with no candidates from minor parties winning a seat. The DP\u2019s recent setback in Gangwon, despite its nationwide success, raises questions about the underlying causes of this unexpected result.<\/span><\/p>\n

CHANGING DEMOGRAPHICS<\/b><\/p>\n

The first explanation for the DP\u2019s poor performance in Gangwon lies in the province\u2019s demographics. The PPP enjoys <\/span>robust<\/span><\/a> support among citizens in their 60s and 70s, while younger generations are more evenly split between the two main parties. This age disparity played a significant role in the election outcome.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP\u2019s only two successful candidates won in Chuncheon and Wonju, Gangwon\u2019s largest cities. Chuncheon, the provincial capital and a major university town, boasts a large population of <\/span>young<\/span><\/a> public officers and students. Similarly, Wonju has universities and a relatively young workforce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moreover, both cities are located in the western part of the province, closer to Seoul, making them more attractive to young people.<\/span><\/p>\n

In contrast, other areas of Gangwon struggle to retain their youth, who often leave to pursue education or careers in larger cities, particularly Seoul. One reason other parts of the province cannot incentivize their young people to stay is the province\u2019s lackluster economic growth potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

The northeastern region, which includes Gangneung, Sokcho and Pyeongchang, relies heavily on tourism and small businesses. As for the northernmost counties of Hwacheon and Yanggu, which border North Korea, there is little economic activity, and whatever economic activity they enjoy comes from the sizeable military presence there.<\/span><\/p>\n

Additionally, the southeastern part of the province, known for its <\/span>dying mining regions<\/span><\/a> like Taebaek and Samcheok, has become a sort of Korean \u201crust belt\u201d with minimal economic activity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Given the context of an aging population, the PPP\u2019s victory in Gangwon is not surprising. The DP managed to win only in the province\u2019s two youngest and most dynamic electoral districts.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, demographics alone do not fully explain the DP\u2019s disappointing results; the party\u2019s recent record as the ruling party in Gangwon likely also contributed to voter dissatisfaction.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Governor Choi Moon-soon (third from right) visits Yangyang County, Gangwon Province in Sept. 6, 2011 | Image: Government of YangYang County<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

UNFULFILLED PROMISES<\/b><\/p>\n

During its eleven-year governorship under Choi Moon-soon from 2011 to 2022, the DP oversaw several disappointing flagship economic projects in Gangwon Province.<\/span><\/p>\n

The 2018 Pyeongchang Olympics, which cost around <\/span>$15 billion<\/span><\/a> to organize, failed to deliver the promised boom in national and international tourism. Despite the Olympics\u2019 supposed potential to put Gangwon on the global map of winter sports, there is <\/span>scant evidence<\/span><\/a> of an economic boom for the region. The underutilized Olympic infrastructure now poses a significant financial burden for the stagnating province.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Legoland theme park fiasco in Chuncheon, overseen by DP-led local authorities, further undermined public confidence in the party\u2019s economic leadership. In Oct. 2022, the special purpose company created to fund the development of Legoland Korea Resort <\/span>defaulted<\/span><\/a> on $144 million (205 billion won) in asset-backed commercial paper.<\/span><\/p>\n

This seemingly isolated event triggered a sudden freezing of the debt markets. The central government eventually intervened by providing <\/span>$35 billion<\/span><\/a> (50 trillion won) to supply liquidity to the market, barely avoiding a nationwide <\/span>financial crisis<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Gangwon provincial government, which owned 44% of Legoland Korea\u2019s developer, sent mixed messages regarding its guarantee of the debt the special purpose company sold, further eroding market confidence.<\/span><\/p>\n

This incident highlighted the DP\u2019s apparent lack of foresight and preparedness in managing economic challenges, likely contributing to the party\u2019s poor performance in Gangwon Province during the recent election.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although the park, estimated to have cost $240 million, eventually opened, its <\/span>underperformance<\/span><\/a> and inability to attract the expected number of international tourists resulted in minimal economic benefits for the province.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lastly, in response to the DP and former President Moon Jae-in\u2019s overtures to North Korea, Gangwon Province \u2014 the only province divided between South and North Korea \u2014 portrayed itself as the frontline of Korean reconciliation and reunification.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP-dominated provincial public institutions <\/span>promoted<\/span><\/a> the idea that improved inter-Korean relations would revitalize the region\u2019s economy, with some envisioning <\/span>railroads<\/span><\/a> and highways connecting Busan to China, Russia and Europe via a friendly North Korea. In this scenario, Gangwon would have served as a gateway between South Korea and the Eurasian landmass.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, this optimistic vision did not materialize, as inter-Korean reconciliation efforts faded following Moon Jae-in and Donald Trump\u2019s departures from their respective presidencies.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gangwon Province voters likely perceived this as another instance of the DP making grand promises of economic growth and failing to deliver, further eroding trust in the party\u2019s ability to bring prosperity to the region.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung discusses his support for the amendment of the Gangwon Special Law at a forum held at the National Assembly Library, April 10, 2023 | Image: Democratic Party of Korea<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

FUTURE IMPLICATIONS<\/b><\/p>\n

The warning signs of a shift toward the PPP in Gangwon Province were evident even before the recent general election. In 2022, after eleven years of DP rule, Gangwon voters elected PPP candidate <\/span>Kim Jin-tae<\/span><\/a> as their governor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, long-term demographic changes suggest that the province may shed its traditional status as a swing state and become a reliable stronghold for the PPP in the coming years despite the party\u2019s nationwide loss in the recent general election.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP, likely aware of this trend, may resort to gerrymandering to challenge the conservatives\u2019 growing dominance in Gangwon. Prior to the general election, discussions arose about redrawing the province\u2019s electoral districts to reflect population changes, with a <\/span>proposed<\/span><\/a> new urban district centered on Chuncheon that would have likely favored the DP.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the National Assembly ultimately voted to maintain the current electoral districts. As the status quo benefits the PPP\u2019s newfound control of the province, the DP may push for a revision of the electoral borders to weaken its rival.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP might also attempt to leverage the region\u2019s demographic decline by proposing a reduction in the number of Gangwon Province\u2019s lawmakers, a move the PPP would strongly oppose.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gangwon\u2019s rightward shift could significantly affect South Korean and international economic actors. The PPP, generally considered more pro-business than the DP, is likely to <\/span>prioritize<\/span><\/a> development over environmental concerns in a PPP-dominated Gangwon Province, which could have lasting impacts on the rural and coastal region that heavily relies on tourism.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, the PPP\u2019s wariness of China compared to the DP may create a more hostile environment for China-related projects in the province.<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2018, a nationwide petition demanded that Gangwon Province scrap plans to build a Korea-China Cultural Town in Hongcheon after conservatives fanned anti-China sentiments. As Gangwon moves forward under PPP leadership, the province will probably become increasingly inhospitable to Chinese investments and initiatives.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the coming years, both major parties will likely take to heart the lessons learned from Gangwon\u2019s electoral upset.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Despite the Democratic Party\u2019s (DP) landslide victory in the recent 22nd general election, securing 171 seats to the People Power Party\u2019s (PPP) 108, the DP suffered a defeat in Gangwon Province. The PPP clinched six out of the eight seats in the province, with the DP losing one seat compared to the 2020 election. Gangwon […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10781,"featured_media":2204886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,25,27],"class_list":["post-2204885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-culture-society","tag-domestic-politics"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy Gangwon Province turned its back on the Democratic Party in the election - Korea Pro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/04\/why-gangwon-province-turned-its-back-on-the-democratic-party-in-the-election\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Gangwon Province turned its back on the Democratic Party in the election - Korea Pro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Despite the Democratic Party\u2019s (DP) landslide victory in the recent 22nd general election, securing 171 seats to the People Power Party\u2019s (PPP) 108, the DP suffered a defeat in Gangwon Province. 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