{"id":2204522,"date":"2024-04-02T16:58:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-02T07:58:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2204522"},"modified":"2024-04-03T17:45:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T08:45:28","slug":"south-koreas-unprepared-classrooms-tested-by-rising-multiculturalism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/04\/south-koreas-unprepared-classrooms-tested-by-rising-multiculturalism\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea\u2019s unprepared classrooms tested by rising multiculturalism"},"content":{"rendered":"

The rapid rise in the number of students from multicultural families in South Korea is pushing the country\u2019s education system and policies to their limits, revealing an urgent need for more effective integration strategies in classrooms.<\/span><\/p>\n

Now numbering <\/span>over 180,000<\/span><\/a> and accounting for 3.5% of all students \u2014 a <\/span>threefold increase<\/span><\/a> since 2011 \u2014 multicultural students face an education system ill-prepared to embrace diversity. Despite this growing presence, the system\u2019s policies and practices have yet to evolve to offer inclusive and equitable educational opportunities.<\/span><\/p>\n

The government\u2019s fragmented approach exacerbates the problem, leading to a disjointed support system for these students and their families.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cVarious government departments are implementing multicultural policies independently, without unified oversight or coordination,\u201d Jeanie Yoo, a professor of children and youth education and counseling at Pyeongtaek University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Critics argue for a comprehensive strategy that prioritizes the integration and welfare of multicultural youth, a goal hampered by bureaucratic delays and a lack of cohesive vision.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ruling People Power Party interim leader Han Dong Hoon <\/span>submitted a bill<\/span><\/a> to the National Assembly last month to create an immigration department to consolidate efforts and policies, but it has yet to gain traction in parliament. This proposal, while a step toward addressing the issue, has drawn criticism for potentially overlooking the specific needs of multicultural youth, focusing instead on broader economic benefits.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe proposed department may not adequately address the specific needs of multicultural youth, as most policies dealing with multiculturalism focus instead on adults,\u201d Kim Su-young, director of <\/span>Global Youth Center<\/span><\/a>, a non-governmental organization, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, discrimination remains a significant barrier, with about 30% of multicultural families <\/span>reporting<\/span><\/a> experiences of bias and prejudice.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMany Korean parents are reluctant to have their children share classrooms with students from multicultural backgrounds,\u201d Yoo added, highlighting the social challenges these students face.<\/span><\/p>\n

Additionally, the failure to accommodate <\/span>cultural and religious dietary needs<\/span><\/a> in school meals exemplifies systemic neglect, adding <\/span>financial burdens<\/span><\/a> to already marginalized families. The failure of local governments to implement inclusive meal policies mirrors the broader issue of a failure to meet the diverse needs of South Korea’s changing population.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

An illustration of multicultural students in a classroom | Image: Korea Pro<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

ACADEMIC CHALLENGES\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Students from multicultural families face significant barriers in education, including lower attendance rates and difficulties keeping up with classwork, according to <\/span>research<\/span><\/a> by the Hwaseong Osan Office of Education.<\/span><\/p>\n

Language barriers stand out as the primary obstacle to academic success. Additionally, a perceived lack of motivation and inadequate family support contribute to these students\u2019 struggles.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLiteracy is the foundation of learning, but without adequate support from parents, students face an uphill battle in academic achievement,\u201d Lee Ji-hyun, an elementary school teacher in Gangdong-gu, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLanguage barriers often prevent meaningful dialogue with parents about their children’s education, with some parents showing no interest in their children\u2019s education.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The influx of multicultural students has left many teachers feeling unprepared. <\/span>Research<\/span><\/a> by the Korea Society Moral and Ethics Education Association highlights that while younger teachers may adapt more readily, those in their 40s and 50s often find the adjustment more difficult, with some opting to avoid schools with a high presence of multicultural students.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis reluctance among older teachers creates a sense of chaos and avoidance, undermining efforts to support multicultural students,\u201d Kim of Global Youth Center said. She also pointed out concerns about reverse discrimination, where teachers feel that too much emphasis is placed on aiding multicultural students at the expense of others.<\/span><\/p>\n

EMOTIONAL TOLL<\/b><\/p>\n

Multicultural students in South Korea also face significant emotional and psychological strains. <\/span>Financial pressures<\/span><\/a> often force parents to work long hours, limiting the support they can provide at home.<\/span><\/p>\n

Consequently, students frequently shoulder adult responsibilities, including contributing to the family income. These burdens, compounded by academic struggles and discrimination, significantly hinder their school integration and success, according to <\/span>Korea Science<\/span><\/a>, an academic journal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Research indicates these students are more prone to view themselves as failures, a perception that leads some to drop out of school. School teacher Lee noted that \u201clanguage barriers not only hinder academic progress but also expose students to bullying, aggravating their sense of isolation and failure.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This pervasive bullying fuels an <\/span>identity crisis<\/span><\/a> among multicultural students, making them susceptible to depression and low self-esteem. <\/span>Statistics Korea<\/span><\/a> reveals a decline in life satisfaction among these students from the sixth grade onward, highlighting the need for intervention.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

A center official takes a commemorative photo of Korean language course graduates at the Korea Center for Foreign Workers\u2019 Support, July 2023 | Image: Korea Support Center for Foreign Workers<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

HEIGHTENED VULNERABILITIES<\/b><\/p>\n

However, government support and benefits in South Korea often prioritize Korean nationals, leaving <\/span>immigrant adolescents<\/span><\/a> particularly vulnerable.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKorean nationals typically receive adequate support under the Multicultural Families Support Act,\u201d notes Kim of Global Youth Center, highlighting the disparity in assistance provided to these groups. Many migrant children confront significant <\/span>challenges<\/span><\/a>, including isolation, identity crises and a longing to return to their homeland.<\/span><\/p>\n

This lack of readiness for their new lives in South Korea is compounded by insufficient governmental support in education and psychological well-being.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEven as some mothers actively seek educational opportunities for their children, the decision to enroll students often rests with principals, leading to numerous rejections,\u201d Yoo of Pyeongtaek University said, pointing out a critical gap in the education system.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, Korean language class programs designed to bridge educational gaps for immigrant students before they enter compulsory education levels <\/span>fall short<\/span><\/a> of their objectives, as immigrant students face issues such as inadequate faculty support, limited instructional time and a lack of a policy ensuring enrollment in regular schooling post-program completion.<\/span><\/p>\n

RETHINKING MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION STRATEGIES<\/b><\/p>\n

To overcome the challenges to multicultural education in South Korea, Jung Ji-yoon, a professor of industrial and systems engineering from Myongji University, <\/span>advocates<\/span><\/a> for a more nuanced and systemic approach that goes beyond merely addressing cultural discrimination and enhancing rights for multicultural students.<\/span><\/p>\n

She emphasizes the importance of developing a broader understanding and acceptance of multiculturalism among the general populace, facilitated through direct interaction and media representation.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>study<\/span><\/a> by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family spotlights the significant impact of personal and media-influenced experiences on individuals\u2019 openness to multiculturalism, with positive encounters markedly increasing open-mindedness toward diverse cultures.<\/span><\/p>\n

Currently, the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education\u2019s guidelines prioritize Korean language education and mental health support for students without fully addressing the broader scope of multicultural integration, according to Jung.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Members of the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions and the Migrant Rights Alliance attend a rally at Seoul Station Plaza commemorating the 2024 International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, March 17, 2024 | Image: Migrant Workers Movement Supporters Group<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

BARRIERS TO HIGHER EDUCATION<\/b><\/p>\n

Ai Su Luu, a Seoul Metropolitan Council member, <\/span>highlighted<\/span><\/a> the need for enhanced support for multicultural students, particularly in navigating life and education after high school.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education\u2019s efforts, a significant gap remains in the transition to higher education for these students. Only <\/span>40%<\/span><\/a> of multicultural students proceed to tertiary education, compared to a 70% university enrollment rate for the general South Korean population.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although national universities have begun to open <\/span>separate application channels<\/span><\/a> for multicultural students, it remains uncertain if this will significantly boost their enrollment numbers.<\/span><\/p>\n

Concurrently, the Sejong Office of Education has led <\/span>discussions<\/span><\/a> underscoring the importance of accessible support programs not just for multicultural students but also for their parents, aiming to address the broader challenges multicultural families face in the educational system.<\/span><\/p>\n

Data<\/span><\/a> from the Ministry of Education reveals that 23% of multicultural students who drop out of high school cite academic difficulties, with 16% pursuing the Korean GED as an alternative.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe lack of academic ability is not a significant issue in the lower grades, but it intensifies, like a snowball, as students progress,\u201d school teacher Lee said, underscoring the need for early and continuous support.<\/span><\/p>\n

MONOCULTURALISM TO MULTICULTURALISM<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea is grappling with transforming its deeply ingrained monocultural society into a more inclusive multicultural one. <\/span>Research<\/span><\/a> from the gender ministry reveals that while teenagers are more open to multiculturalism and eager for interactions across cultures, adults exhibit a stronger preference for a monocultural society.<\/span><\/p>\n

A survey from 2021 that the ministry conducted revealed that about <\/span>36%<\/span><\/a> of respondents believed multiculturalism undermines national unity.<\/span><\/p>\n

As South Koreans increasingly encounter multicultural experiences, there is increasing <\/span>debate<\/span><\/a> among Koreans about whether they should embrace a multicultural identity or cling to a monoethnic narrative, highlighting the challenges in altering societal attitudes toward multiculturalism.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite political parties\u2019 <\/span>verbal commitments<\/span><\/a> to enhance the rights of multicultural individuals, substantial barriers remain for those from diverse backgrounds seeking political involvement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This raises questions about the feasibility of significant progress in the near future, pointing to a need for strategic efforts to shift societal perceptions and policies toward a genuinely multicultural South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The rapid rise in the number of students from multicultural families in South Korea is pushing the country\u2019s education system and policies to their limits, revealing an urgent need for more effective integration strategies in classrooms. 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