{"id":2204050,"date":"2024-03-01T17:31:18","date_gmt":"2024-03-01T08:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2204050"},"modified":"2024-03-04T16:22:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T07:22:18","slug":"election-watch-south-korean-opposition-in-turmoil-over-how-it-selects-lawmakers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/03\/election-watch-south-korean-opposition-in-turmoil-over-how-it-selects-lawmakers\/","title":{"rendered":"Election watch: South Korean opposition in turmoil over how it selects lawmakers"},"content":{"rendered":"

Editor\u2019s note: Korea Pro\u2019s regular \u2018Election Watch\u2019 series covers key political developments in South Korea leading to the April 10 General Elections.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

An exodus of high-profile lawmakers from the main opposition Democratic Party (DP) mere weeks before South Korea\u2019s general elections has laid bare deep-seated issues in the party\u2019s candidate selection process.<\/span><\/p>\n

Criticisms have centered on the party leadership\u2019s subjective system for scoring lawmakers, which influences which candidate runs on the party\u2019s ticket for a given seat.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Detractors say the system disproportionately favors those lawmakers deemed loyal to the party\u2019s scandal-plagued leader, Lee Jae-myung, who remains under investigation for multiple allegations of corruption.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seol Hoon, a lawmaker who recently exited the party, <\/span>accused<\/span><\/a> Lee of focusing only on preserving his leadership over the party to maintain parliamentary immunity to avoid going to prison.<\/span><\/p>\n

This situation has led to a growing perception among lawmakers and citizens alike that the DP\u2019s candidate selection process is more reflective of party leaders\u2019 personal preferences than of candidates\u2019 legislative capabilities \u2014 accusations that the ruling People Power Party (PPP) has largely avoided.<\/span><\/p>\n

Such perceptions risk depressing voter participation in upcoming party primaries and the general election by undermining trust in the political system, threatening to compromise the integrity of the 22nd National Assembly\u2019s formation.<\/span><\/p>\n

ARBITRARY AND OPAQUE<\/b><\/p>\n

The selection system for election candidates has been a longstanding point of contention in South Korea, resisting structural changes despite numerous efforts at parliamentary reform.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In essence, the system empowers the leadership of both major parties to exert influence over their colleagues.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prior to an election, each party assigns scores to its lawmakers according to its own criteria. A party then uses these scores to weigh the vote total that lawmakers receive in the party primaries for district candidate selection.<\/span><\/p>\n

This means that a lawmaker with a lower score is disadvantaged when counting votes, receiving a penalty that functionally lowers their vote total.<\/span><\/p>\n

The PPP employs a blend of absolute and relative grading to determine its candidates. For incumbent lawmakers, the <\/span>formula<\/span><\/a> stipulates that a candidate\u2019s score is 40% based on public opinion polls of district voter preference, 20% on an evaluation of party work and legislative achievements, 15% on morality, 15% on party contributions and 10% on personal interviews.<\/span><\/p>\n

For individuals not currently holding office, the party adjusts the criteria slightly, eliminating legislative achievements and giving 35% weight to \u201ccontribution to the party and society.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This structure allows for a portion of the scoring to be subjective, based on contributions and interviews. However, candidates can bypass the primary elections altogether if they significantly outperform their PPP rivals in opinion polls.<\/span><\/p>\n

An additional \u201cstrategic selection\u201d layer allows the election committee leader to nominate candidates directly in districts deemed unlikely to be won or where the party has faced repeated losses, bypassing the usual scoring criteria.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

People Power Party interim leader Han Dong-hoon (center) visits a market in Wonju, Gangwon Province, Feb. 26, 2024 | Image: People Power Party<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

The DP\u2019s <\/span>rules<\/span><\/a> mirror those of the PPP to some extent, allocating 40% to opinion poll popularity, 15% to \u201cparty identity,\u201d 10% each to party contribution and legislative capability, 15% to morality and 10% to interviews.<\/span><\/p>\n

A notable difference from the PPP\u2019s rules lies in the DP\u2019s emphasis on loyalty to party leadership, with 35% of the DP\u2019s scoring potentially reflecting such loyalty <\/span>(party identity, party contribution, interview) <\/span>compared to 25% in the PPP\u2019s system<\/span> (party contribution and interview).<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP has expanded the criteria for its \u201cmorality\u201d assessment this year to include factors such as illicit real estate dealings, instances of school bullying in the past or any such event involving their children, and both online and offline sexual misconduct. This change follows investigations and convictions of several DP figures over the past few years.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shin Yul, a professor of political science and foreign policy at Myungji University, told <\/span>Korea Pro <\/span><\/i>that an ideal candidate scoring system would not have such qualitative assessments, subject to arbitrary grading.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIn principle, a good scoring system would only have quantitative grading. But the current rule for most political parties in South Korea involves things such as morality and ethics, and so-called contributions, which are very difficult to objectively gauge,\u201d Shin said.<\/span><\/p>\n

LOYALTY ABOVE ALL ELSE<\/b><\/p>\n

The DP\u2019s candidate selection process has raised questions about the role of party leader loyalty in determining scoring outcomes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although the specific details of the scoring are not disclosed to the public, analysis of the results indicates a trend where DP lawmakers ranked in the bottom 10% to 20% \u2014 those facing significant reductions in primary votes \u2014 tend to be part of the faction opposing Lee Jae-myung.<\/span><\/p>\n

The National Assembly <\/span>approved<\/span><\/a> a motion last year granting permission for the potential arrest of opposition leader Lee Jae-myung, and the final vote tally indicated that at least 31 DP lawmakers voted for the motion.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts pointed to <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that the DP scoring system\u2019s categories of \u201cparty identity\u201d and \u201cparty contribution\u201d rely on subjective evaluation, suggesting that these criteria may disproportionately favor candidates aligned with the pro-Lee Jae-myung faction despite the investigation against him for multiple bribery allegations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Such a mechanism suggests that the scoring system\u2019s objectives extend beyond mere electoral victory. It appears designed to ensure Lee Jae-myung maintains his leadership of the party beyond the April 10 general elections.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFor Lee Jae-myung, having his loyalists run in the general elections and secure seats in the National Assembly is just as crucial as his own election,\u201d Cho Jin-man, a professor of political science and foreign policy at Duksung Women\u2019s University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung and other party members meet with former President Moon Jae-in, Feb. 4, 2024 | Image: Democratic Party of Korea<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

HOW TO LOSE FRIENDS AND ALIENATE PEOPLE<\/b><\/p>\n

While both parties utilize similar scoring systems, the PPP has avoided the high-profile defections and internal controversies plaguing the DP.<\/span><\/p>\n

A key factor is the approach of PPP interim leader Han Dong-hoon, who has notably distanced himself from the candidate scoring process. Experts note that Han has made a concerted effort to appear less involved, delegating full authority to the head of the election strategy committee.<\/span><\/p>\n

This approach seems designed to reassure centrist conservatives, especially those skeptical of President Yoon Suk-yeol and Han\u2019s close relationship with him, by suggesting that the president does not directly influence candidate selection.<\/span><\/p>\n

This stance became particularly pertinent following a controversy related to potential election meddling linked to the presidential office, when Yoon\u2019s chief of staff requested Han resign over his remarks about the first lady\u2019s Dior handbag scandal. The incident highlighted sensitivities around internal party decisions and public perception.<\/span><\/p>\n

By contrast, DP leader Lee Jae-myung has taken a more direct role in responding to disputes over candidate scoring, particularly among those who received low grades and faced exclusion from running in elections.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee\u2019s public statements, such as stating that disgruntled lawmakers have the right to leave the party, have spotlighted significant internal tensions within the DP, Cho of Duksung said.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Another factor to consider is the DP\u2019s numerical superiority in the current National Assembly.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe DP has a larger number of sitting lawmakers, which inevitably means that there are that many voices that can publicly voice dissent,\u201d Cho said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBut the problem is that compared to previous party leaders, Lee Jae-myung\u2019s leadership is relatively weak, and he lacks the authority to decisively manage the party. It is difficult for him to counter claims that the candidate scoring system favors his loyalists,” the expert added, contrasting Lee\u2019s leadership with Han\u2019s greater control over the PPP.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

HOW THE TURN TABLES<\/b><\/p>\n

Experts told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that the DP\u2019s scoring system for candidate risks damaging the party\u2019s immediate electoral prospects, as well asthe long-term legitimacy of South Korea\u2019s representative democracy.<\/span><\/p>\n

For instance, the DP has witnessed a notable decline in popularity following the departure of several key lawmakers \u2014 long-serving members who have criticized the scoring system for failing to reflect the stable support they have received from their constituents.<\/span><\/p>\n

This situation has reversed the DP\u2019s previously favorable standings in opinion polls against the PPP.<\/span><\/p>\n

This controversy also has broader implications for voter engagement and party dynamics. The emergence of the New Futures Party (NFP), led by former Prime Minister and DP leader Lee Nak-yon, could provide a new political home for disenchanted centrist and progressive voters.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moreover, the centralized control over candidate nominations by a select group within the party leadership raises alarms about democratic representation in South Korea. Such concentration of authority risks alienating voters further, particularly when electoral participation is already a concern.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt’s concerning to see that South Korea\u2019s electoral system remains overly simplistic, prioritizing majority rule above everything else, even in the process of scoring lawmakers,\u201d said Hahm Hyeon-ho, a professor of policy studies at Hanyang University. \u201cThis approach keeps the system stuck at a basic, one-dimensional level of democracy.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Joon Ha Park contributed reporting to this article. Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a>Elections 2024<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Editor\u2019s note: Korea Pro\u2019s regular \u2018Election Watch\u2019 series covers key political developments in South Korea leading to the April 10 General Elections. An exodus of high-profile lawmakers from the main opposition Democratic Party (DP) mere weeks before South Korea\u2019s general elections has laid bare deep-seated issues in the party\u2019s candidate selection process. Criticisms have centered […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2204051,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[27,34],"yoast_head":"\nElection watch: South Korean opposition in turmoil over how it selects lawmakers - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/03\/election-watch-south-korean-opposition-in-turmoil-over-how-it-selects-lawmakers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Election watch: South Korean opposition in turmoil over how it selects lawmakers - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Editor\u2019s note: Korea Pro\u2019s regular \u2018Election Watch\u2019 series covers key political developments in South Korea leading to the April 10 General Elections. 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