{"id":2203675,"date":"2024-01-30T17:44:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T08:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2203675"},"modified":"2024-01-31T19:37:27","modified_gmt":"2024-01-31T10:37:27","slug":"why-south-korea-dropping-anti-dumping-measures-reflects-its-changing-priorities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/01\/why-south-korea-dropping-anti-dumping-measures-reflects-its-changing-priorities\/","title":{"rendered":"Why South Korea dropping anti-dumping measures reflects its changing priorities"},"content":{"rendered":"

In a move that signals a turning point in Seoul\u2019s economic strategy, the <\/span>expiration<\/span><\/a> of South Korea\u2019s anti-dumping duties on stainless-steel bars from Japan, India and Spain on Jan. 22 parallels the end of similar duties on Taiwanese and Italian imports in May.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Korea Trade Commission of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy highlighted <\/span>three reasons<\/span><\/a> for this change: the absence of a renewal request from the Korean steel industry, a substantial reduction in Japanese steel imports and the regained competitiveness of the domestic steel industry.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, this move is not without risks. Moving away from a two-decade-long practice of employing anti-dumping tariffs signifies South Korea\u2019s adaptation to an evolving global economic landscape, but it also opens the door to potential challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n

As the country shifts its focus toward exporting advanced technologies, it faces crucial questions about how its domestic industries will fare amid increasing global competition and a rising trend of trade protectionism. This policy change highlights the need for South Korea to carefully weigh the immediate advantages for its technology sectors against the need for long-term stability and growth of its wider industrial base.<\/span><\/p>\n

TRADE PROTECTIONISM BY ANOTHER NAME<\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Japan\u2019s perspective on South Korea\u2019s trade defense strategies has been notably consistent, albeit critical. According to Japan, South Korea\u2019s application of anti-dumping duties on stainless-steel bars has not always aligned with the principles set by international legal frameworks, specifically those of the World Trade Organization (WTO).<\/span><\/p>\n

Japan argues that South Korea\u2019s approach, rather than safeguarding its domestic industry from economic harm as intended by <\/span>WTO guidelines<\/span><\/a>, has veered toward trade protectionism.<\/span><\/p>\n

Governments typically utilize anti-dumping measures to neutralize unfair cost advantages that foreign producers might gain, for instance, through government subsidies, allowing them to undercut prices in the importing country. However, determining which governmental interventions are permissible under WTO rules can be complex, with a range of possible exceptions based on public interest considerations.<\/span><\/p>\n

The WTO generally limits anti-dumping measures to five years, <\/span>subject to extension<\/span><\/a> if there\u2019s a risk of continued or recurring unfair trade practices. Perceiving such a risk, South Korea has <\/span>maintained anti-dumping duties<\/span><\/a> on stainless-steel bars from Japan, India and Spain since 2004, with subsequent legislation in 2017 and 2021 extending these duties to Jan. 22.<\/span><\/p>\n

This extension led Japan to <\/span>request a WTO investigation<\/span><\/a> in 2018, questioning whether South Korea\u2019s extension beyond the standard five-year period complied with WTO rules. The investigation escalated into a formal trade dispute, with Japan asserting that South Korea\u2019s trade remedies were explicitly designed to target Japanese products.<\/span><\/p>\n

This stance aligns with the position of Japan\u2019s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, which views such measures as politically motivated rather than based on legitimate trade concerns, <\/span>drawing parallels<\/span><\/a> with past instances involving semiconductors, dried laver and products from Fukushima.<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2020, a WTO Dispute Settlement Body panel largely concurred with Japan, finding biases in South Korea\u2019s sunset review methodology. South Korea appealed this decision to the WTO\u2019s Appellate Body, the highest authority for trade disputes.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the Appellate Body\u2019s operations were halted in 2019 following the U.S. decision to <\/span>block the appointment of new judges<\/span><\/a>, leaving South Korea\u2019s appeal unresolved. Despite the expiration of the contested anti-dumping measures, the outcome of this appeal remains crucial for determining the legitimacy of South Korea\u2019s trade defense practices within the framework of international trade law.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol meets with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, Nov. 16, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

VARIOUS IMPLICATIONS<\/b><\/p>\n

The conclusion of South Korea\u2019s 20-year anti-dumping regime on stainless-steel bars signals a significant shift in the country\u2019s trade defense approach. This evolution reflects South Korea\u2019s changing economic priorities and challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>study<\/span><\/a> focusing on South Korea\u2019s use of anti-dumping measures from 2006 to 2019 pinpointed two main factors. The first was the impact of trade on employment and the second was the perceived threat to the competitiveness of key industries.<\/span><\/p>\n

These considerations are consistent with South Korea\u2019s post-1997 Asian Financial Crisis economic policies, which aimed to mitigate massive unemployment due to structural adjustments and to nurture emerging industries critical for economic competitiveness.<\/span><\/p>\n

Central to these objectives was the steel industry, particularly in the early 2000s when South Korea pursued aggressive economic growth through <\/span>industrial policies<\/span><\/a>. However, the global steel market has since been marked by overcapacity and a decline in demand, leading to a pronounced supply-demand imbalance.<\/span><\/p>\n

For instance, global steelmaking capacity <\/span>peaked<\/span><\/a> in 2022, with China and India accounting for half of all steel production, often with government support.<\/span><\/p>\n

The expiration of the anti-dumping duties indicates a strategic pivot in South Korea\u2019s industrial policy, transitioning from a focus on steelmaking to higher value-added industries. This shift carries several implications.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politically, it suggests a likely decrease in ROK government support for traditional, labor-intensive industries, especially heavy industry, due to the rising geopolitical and legal costs of intervention, increased wages and foreign competition.<\/span><\/p>\n

Economically, South Korean steelmakers will likely face stiffer competition, primarily from China and India, where assessing the fair market value of steel is challenging due to their non-market economic systems.<\/span><\/p>\n

Diplomatically, removing these duties could ease some of the tension in South Korea\u2019s diplomatic ties with Japan, potentially fostering a more cooperative economic future as both countries navigate shared competitive challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n

WHERE TO GO FROM HERE<\/b><\/p>\n

As South Korea pivots its focus toward emerging competitive industries, its approach to trade defense will likely evolve. However, South Korea faces new challenges in an era defined by intense geoeconomic competition and a shift toward greener economies. Past trade defense strategies that were more straightforward, such as anti-dumping measures or countervailing subsidies, might no longer be as easily accessible.<\/span><\/p>\n

Recent global economic trends indicate a shift from traditional rule-based governance structures to faction-building. Initiatives like the <\/span>Indo-Pacific Economic Framework<\/span><\/a> and the <\/span>Chip 4 Alliance<\/span><\/a> exemplify this shift, representing efforts by nations and blocs to institutionalize allegiances for coordinated trade defense actions targeted against specific countries, namely China, in select industries.<\/span><\/p>\n

This shift raises concerns. The essence of rule-based governance lies in its capacity for thorough research and examination, fostering informed development of laws and policies. The transformation of trade defenses into tools for retaliatory trade wars undermines this process, leaving little room for such inspection.<\/span><\/p>\n

As one of the more active users of international trade law measures, South Korea faces a critical decision in this changing global context.<\/span><\/p>\n

While deeply involved in international trade law, it is unlikely that South Korea will fully align with U.S.-led trade factions to engage in outright trade wars as its economy is overly dependent on exports.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, South Korea has a choice as technologies like semiconductors and batteries become increasingly central in the geopolitical tensions between Western economies and China. Seoul can adhere to the traditional, rules-based international trade law or participate in the emerging dynamics of geo-economic competition.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea stands at a crossroads in defining its trade defense strategy. The choices made in this era of geoeconomic competition will not only shape its economic future but also signal its role and stance in the broader narrative of international trade and diplomacy.<\/span><\/p>\n

How South Korea reconciles these emerging challenges with its longstanding trade principles will be a key factor in its sustained economic prosperity and international standing.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In a move that signals a turning point in Seoul\u2019s economic strategy, the expiration of South Korea\u2019s anti-dumping duties on stainless-steel bars from Japan, India and Spain on Jan. 22 parallels the end of similar duties on Taiwanese and Italian imports in May. The Korea Trade Commission of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2203676,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,28],"class_list":["post-2203675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy South Korea dropping anti-dumping measures reflects its changing priorities - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/01\/why-south-korea-dropping-anti-dumping-measures-reflects-its-changing-priorities\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why South Korea dropping anti-dumping measures reflects its changing priorities - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a move that signals a turning point in Seoul\u2019s economic strategy, the expiration of South Korea\u2019s anti-dumping duties on stainless-steel bars from Japan, India and Spain on Jan. 22 parallels the end of similar duties on Taiwanese and Italian imports in May. 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