{"id":2203639,"date":"2024-01-26T15:58:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-26T06:58:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2203639"},"modified":"2024-01-29T17:37:29","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T08:37:29","slug":"south-koreas-new-mugshot-law-sparks-transparency-versus-privacy-debate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/01\/south-koreas-new-mugshot-law-sparks-transparency-versus-privacy-debate\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea\u2019s new mugshot law sparks transparency versus privacy debate"},"content":{"rendered":"

In South Korea, the implementation of a mugshot disclosure law has ignited a national debate, pitting the public\u2019s right to information against concerns for criminal suspects\u2019 privacy and legal rights.<\/span><\/p>\n

This law, a response to increasing public demand fueled by high-profile criminal cases last year, now allows authorities increased discretion in revealing the identities of criminal suspects. While many view this as a stride toward transparency and justice, some experts have told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that the newly implemented law harbors some legal and constitutional concerns.<\/span><\/p>\n

Local legal authorities\u2019 reluctance to disclose criminal suspects\u2019 identities came under the spotlight when South Koreans observed international media identifying the assailant who attempted to assassinate main opposition Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung earlier this month after amateur internet sleuths widely disseminated the attacker\u2019s personal information on social media.<\/span><\/p>\n

This contrasted sharply with domestic media\u2019s adherence to police instructions to refrain from identifying him, amplifying public frustration and leading to widespread calls for legal reform.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite its popularity with the public, the transition to the new law is not without controversy. While it aims to address public concerns over information access and suspect accountability, it could also lead to potential legal challenges and ethical dilemmas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts warn of the law\u2019s populist underpinnings and highlight the need to balance public safety and uphold individual rights.<\/span><\/p>\n

LEGAL REFORMS<\/b><\/p>\n

Formally named the \u201c<\/span>Act on the Disclosure of Personal Information such as Suspects of Specific Serious Crimes<\/span><\/a>,\u201d the newly enacted mugshot disclosure law is a response to the public\u2019s outcry for transparency, especially following incidents where the actual appearances of high-profile criminal suspects diverged significantly from their publicly available, often outdated and photoshopped, photographs.<\/span><\/p>\n

This law, which came into effect this Thursday, replaces specific clauses in <\/span>two<\/span><\/a> prior<\/span><\/a> special acts concerning sexual assault and violent crimes, thereby broadening the scope of cases where suspects\u2019 identities may be disclosed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Initially, legal authorities only disclosed criminal suspects\u2019 identities to the public if they had committed violent crimes, such as sexual assault or murder. However, under the new mandate, more types of crimes are covered, including rebellion, certain drug offenses and crimes against children and minors.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the process of disclosure itself has undergone significant changes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Central to these changes is the introduction of a reparation clause, a legal acknowledgment of the potential for erroneous or unjust disclosure. This provision allows criminal suspects to seek compensation from the state if they are subsequently found not guilty or not prosecuted.<\/span><\/p>\n

The law has also eased the criteria for releasing criminal suspects\u2019 personal information such as their name and age. Previously, the law heavily regulated such disclosure, requiring substantial evidence and a clear public interest justification, such as crime prevention or mitigating the risk of repeat offenses. Other clauses stated that disclosing suspects\u2019 identities would be permissible only if the crimes were \u201ccruel\u201d or if the resulting harm was \u201cserious.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the new law permits authorities to capture and disclose mugshots \u201cif needed,\u201d effectively lowering the threshold for release and granting law enforcement more discretion.<\/span><\/p>\n

This change, which also removed the need to acquire a criminal suspect\u2019s consent to release their personal information, represents a significant departure from past practices. Instead of consent, criminal suspects are now only allowed to express their opinions on the disclosure before a five-day waiting period precedes the public release of their identities.<\/span><\/p>\n

The new law\u2019s broader, more flexible guidelines come amid the police\u2019s justification for refusing to disclose the personal information of the man who attempted to assassinate Lee Jae-myung. The police said that the attack failed to meet the \u201ccruel\u201d or \u201cserious harm\u201d criteria.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Democratic Party members hold a committee meeting after the assassination attempt against DP leader Lee Jae-myung, Jan. 8, 2024 | Image: Democratic Party<\/a>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

VOX POPULI<\/b><\/p>\n

The assault on People Power Party lawmaker Bae Hyun-jin on Thursday marked yet another instance of violence against politicians, intensifying the debate on the new mugshot disclosure law.<\/span><\/p>\n

This incident, where Bae was reportedly attacked by a rock-wielding minor, has brought attention to the complexities of managing such sensitive information, especially when minors are involved.<\/span><\/p>\n

The assailant remains largely unidentified, and the new law is unlikely to apply to him.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe can\u2019t confirm the assailant\u2019s personal information or other details of the investigation as the suspect is not an adult,\u201d a police spokesperson told reporters on Thursday.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, this case also contributes to the broader discourse on transparency in the justice system. The balance between the rights of suspects, particularly in violent crimes, and the public\u2019s right to information has been a contentious topic in South Korea for years.<\/span><\/p>\n

An overwhelming <\/span>87%<\/span><\/a> of South Koreans favored the disclosure of criminal suspects\u2019 identities in a 2016 Realmeter poll. About <\/span>60%<\/span><\/a> of South Koreans in June called for the same thing.<\/span><\/p>\n

Notably, the most recent poll shows that this support transcends typical societal divides such as gender, age, region and political ideology, with the majority favoring disclosure in all categories.\u00a0 This highlights the widespread nature of these concerns in a society often characterized by polarized views.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Police officers in Seoul, Jan. 18, 2023 | Image: Korea Pro<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

CORE PRINCIPLE\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

However, experts have raised concerns about the recent amendments to the law, notably their \u201cpopulist\u201d nature and the potential for loopholes in their application.<\/span><\/p>\n

They warn that these changes might inadvertently lead to the premature release of criminal suspects\u2019 identities and potential delays in exoneration. They also note that there isn\u2019t sufficient evidence to support the assumption that releasing criminal suspects\u2019 identities would decrease crime rates.<\/span><\/p>\n

Park Kyung-kyu, a deputy research fellow at the Korea Institute of Criminology (KIC), highlighted the \u201cpopulist characteristics\u201d of the law, criticizing its rapid enactment as primarily driven by the desire to align with public opinion, potentially overlooking unintended consequences that might arise.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe law was rapidly passed without a thorough consideration of issues that can arise, with the objective of pleasing public opinion,\u201d he told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Echoing Park\u2019s sentiments, Wonjae Lee, a professor of economic sociology at KAIST, emphasized the importance of politicians having \u201cclear convictions and philosophies\u201d when responding to public sentiments.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cHowever, expecting this from [South Korea\u2019s] current political arena is quite challenging,\u201d Lee said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, Park of KIC expressed skepticism about the effectiveness of disclosing personal information as a crime prevention measure.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf we look at the U.S., where law enforcement has long been disclosing personal information of criminal suspects, it doesn\u2019t appear that this practice correlates with a reduction in crime rates,\u201d he underlined.<\/span><\/p>\n

Park also noted that under the previous <\/span>Special Violent Crimes Act<\/span><\/a>, the disclosure of personal identity was restricted to situations where guilt was established, evidence was clear and the crime was considered morally reprehensible.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe recent amendment has considerably widened the scope, permitting the release of personal information even when guilt is yet to be determined,\u201d Park added, raising concerns about the lasting impact on individuals’ lives once their information is released, as the internet ensures its perpetuity, potentially causing irreversible damage.<\/span><\/p>\n

Highlighting the ethical implications, Lee from KAIST encapsulated the core principle: \u201cThe fundamental principle in implementing any law is to ensure that not a single individual is unjustly treated.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This challenge \u2014 striking a balance between the public\u2019s need for safety and transparency and safeguarding individual rights \u2014 is noteworthy given the potential misapplications of the law and the enduring nature of digital information.<\/span><\/p>\n

As South Korea revises its laws to meet public expectations, the discourse surrounding the mugshot disclosure law highlights the challenges of reconciling the public\u2019s call for justice and the need to uphold the law.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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