{"id":2203610,"date":"2024-01-24T17:46:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T08:46:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2203610"},"modified":"2024-01-25T19:06:28","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T10:06:28","slug":"why-young-south-koreans-rural-dream-meets-harsh-farming-reality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/01\/why-young-south-koreans-rural-dream-meets-harsh-farming-reality\/","title":{"rendered":"Why young South Koreans\u2019 rural dream meets harsh farming reality"},"content":{"rendered":"

In South Korea, a trend known as \u201cgwinong\u201d signifies a shift from urban to rural living, driven by individuals seeking a departure from fast-paced city life. However, this transition often confronts newcomers with the realities of rural economics and agriculture\u2019s inherent challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hwang\u2019s case illustrates this trend. After moving to the countryside with his wife to engage in farming, he quickly encountered the direct impact of national policy changes on his agricultural business.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEach time the central government adjusted its national policies, it directly affected my farming business,\u201d Hwang told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cThese changes often led to an increase in livestock feed costs or a decrease in meat prices. I had no choice but to give up farming and return to the city.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMany people who move to rural areas end up returning to the city after facing the harsh realities of farming,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hwang\u2019s situation exemplifies the broader predicament faced by many urban dwellers who seek rural life only to find themselves at the mercy of volatile agricultural markets.<\/span><\/p>\n

The appeal of rural living extends beyond farming, as described by Jung Jin-hee, a director of a farming and rural life school in Gapyeong, which is about 30 miles away from Seoul. She observes that individuals are drawn to the countryside, not necessarily for agricultural pursuits but for a change in lifestyle.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBecause Gapyeong is a rural area that is still relatively close to Seoul, people come here to enjoy rural living more than farming,\u201d Jung said. \u201cSome people move here to start small gardens and enjoy a more relaxed lifestyle.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Minister of Agriculture and Forestry Song Mi-Ryeong (left) visits young farmers in Sangju, North Gyeongsang Province, Jan. 11, 2024 | Image: ROK Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

DWINDLING RURAL AREAS<\/b><\/p>\n

Recent <\/span>data<\/span><\/a> from the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs highlights a fluctuating dynamic in South Korea\u2019s rural demographics. Between 2019 and 2021, the rural population saw an increase, with farming households growing from 357,694 to 377,744.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, this positive trend reversed dramatically in 2022, as the number of farming households plummeted by 12.3%, marking a significant setback in rural population growth.<\/span><\/p>\n

The downward population trend extends beyond mere numbers. <\/span>Reports<\/span><\/a> from the Korea Employment Information Service in Feb. 2023 revealed that of the 228 cities and counties in South Korea, 52% were at risk of disappearing due to declining populations. This figure is an increase from the previous year, where 49% faced the same predicament.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s rural regions face multiple challenges. They grapple with a diminishing and aging population, leading to a scarcity of agricultural labor. This demographic shift is exacerbated by infrastructural deficits, rendering living conditions in these areas less than ideal.<\/span><\/p>\n

The economic disparity is stark: rural workers\u2019 average income is <\/span>only 60%<\/span><\/a> of that of urban workers, underlining the financial strain faced by those in rural economies. Further, the concentration of job opportunities in cities fuels younger people\u2019s migration to urban centers, exacerbating rural areas\u2019 aging problem and population declines.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

President Yoon Suk-yeol attends the 28th Farmers\u2019 Day Commemoration Ceremony, Nov. 10, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

TROUBLESHOOTING<\/b><\/p>\n

The COVID-19 pandemic posed new challenges to urban-to-rural migration in South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFewer people moved to rural areas or took up farming last year. The pandemic and a sluggish housing market dissuaded many people,\u201d Park Chung-hee, the director of a rural life and farming school in North Jeolla Province, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe housing market has had a huge impact. When people decide to move from the city to a rural area, they usually need to sell whatever properties they own in the city. That\u2019s how they finance the move or make sure that they have something to fall back on if they can\u2019t initially find work,\u201d Park explained.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBut the housing market has lost a lot of steam over the past year, which has made it difficult for many people to sell their properties.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Many have also been dissuaded from moving to rural areas because of other <\/span>perennial challenges<\/span><\/a> that afflict them, such as low birth rates, climate-related disasters and livestock diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response to these challenges, the South Korean agriculture ministry announced significant <\/span>initiatives<\/span><\/a> aimed at invigorating the agricultural sector and supporting young entrepreneurs. These initiatives include a substantial increase in land support budgets and financial measures designed to make land more accessible to young farmers.<\/span><\/p>\n

Additionally, the government\u2019s \u201c<\/span>Comprehensive Plan for the Local Era (2023-2027)<\/span><\/a>\u201d and the expansion of the \u201c<\/span>Experience Rural Life<\/span><\/a>\u201d program reflect its approach to encourage resettlement in rural areas and support farming activities.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Farmers working in a field | Image: Canva<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

RETURN TO REALITY<\/b><\/p>\n

However, the government\u2019s initiatives have had limited success in encouraging rural migration and boosting the agriculture sector, often highlighting a mismatch between the government\u2019s vision and individual needs.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI did not move to the countryside to start farming,\u201d Kim Woo-kyung, a 28-year-old man who moved from Seoul to Asan, South Chungcheong Province a year ago, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI moved here because I wanted to get away from the hustle and bustle of the city. But because I moved here and didn\u2019t start a farm, I got less support from the government. Without government support or job opportunities, I eventually ended up having to move back to Seoul,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2022, young households under 30, like Kim\u2019s, <\/span>represented<\/span><\/a> about 40% of South Korea\u2019s rural population \u2014 making them the largest age group. Despite this, Kim experienced firsthand the disparity in government support for people moving to rural areas to pursue farming compared to those moving for lifestyle reasons.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf I had started farming in Asan, I would have received various government benefits like farming support funds, housing repair costs and agricultural training. Those benefits can go up to <\/span>$300,000<\/span><\/a> (400 million won),\u201d Kim remarked. \u201cBut because I didn\u2019t start a farm, I only received about $110 (150,000 won) in government benefits.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This discrepancy poses significant challenges to the government\u2019s aim of incentivizing more people to consider moving away from Seoul and toward provincial areas.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMost people who choose to resettle in rural areas don\u2019t do it to farm. Only about 4% of them pursue farming,\u201d Park from North Jeolla Province noted.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, due to a lack of government support for them, <\/span>data<\/span><\/a> from the agriculture ministry indicates that, while young people constituted the largest demographic group to move to rural areas, they also represented the largest group that later chose to leave.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In South Korea, a trend known as \u201cgwinong\u201d signifies a shift from urban to rural living, driven by individuals seeking a departure from fast-paced city life. However, this transition often confronts newcomers with the realities of rural economics and agriculture\u2019s inherent challenges. Hwang\u2019s case illustrates this trend. After moving to the countryside with his wife […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10781,"featured_media":2203613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,25,27],"class_list":["post-2203610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-culture-society","tag-domestic-politics"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy young South Koreans\u2019 rural dream meets harsh farming reality - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/01\/why-young-south-koreans-rural-dream-meets-harsh-farming-reality\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why young South Koreans\u2019 rural dream meets harsh farming reality - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In South Korea, a trend known as \u201cgwinong\u201d signifies a shift from urban to rural living, driven by individuals seeking a departure from fast-paced city life. 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