{"id":2203524,"date":"2024-01-18T19:56:13","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T10:56:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2203524"},"modified":"2024-01-19T18:50:11","modified_gmt":"2024-01-19T09:50:11","slug":"south-korea-contemplates-defense-role-in-red-sea-tensions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/01\/south-korea-contemplates-defense-role-in-red-sea-tensions\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea contemplates defense role in Red Sea tensions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Houthi rebels\u2019 repeated attacks on maritime vessels in the Red Sea have triggered a <\/span>military response<\/span><\/a> from a U.S.-led international coalition aiming to safeguard crucial shipping lanes. As more ships have <\/span>come under attack<\/span><\/a> by Houthis missiles and drones, South Korea is reportedly weighing the deployment of its <\/span>Cheonghae Unit<\/span><\/a>, a naval task force operating under <\/span>Combined Task Force 151<\/span><\/a> in the adjacent Gulf of Aden, as part of a broader commitment to the coalition’s efforts against the Houthi insurgents.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a move that could have broad consequences for Seoul, a senior South Korean official <\/span>reportedly stated<\/span><\/a> on Jan. 14 that Seoul might extend its role beyond mere protective duties if the military conflict in the Red Sea escalates.<\/span><\/p>\n

The official elaborated that while it is unlikely that South Korean forces will engage in direct military strikes against the Houthis, South Korea\u2019s support could take the form of defensive operations, notably intercepting Houthi drones.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Cheonghae Unit, under the mandate approved by South Korea\u2019s National Defense Committee, primarily aims to ensure the safety of national vessels in the region. However, local media outlets have stated that its operational scope includes participation in maritime security operations led by the <\/span>Combined Maritime Forces<\/span><\/a> (CMF) and the EU, especially in contingencies.<\/span><\/p>\n

STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s potential decision to join coalition forces\u2019 attacks against the Houthi rebels will require Seoul to consider how the action will impact its relations with Russia and Iran. Russia shares a <\/span>strategic partnership<\/span><\/a> with Iran, a <\/span>key supporter<\/span><\/a> of the Houthis, meaning Seoul is wading into a sensitive diplomatic landscape.<\/span><\/p>\n

Involvement in the coalition could further strain South Korea\u2019s diplomatic and trade relations with these nations. Russia <\/span>branded<\/span><\/a> South Korea an \u201cunfriendly country\u201d in March 2022 after Seoul joined international sanctions against Moscow following its invasion of Ukraine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul\u2019s relations with Tehran also hit a low point in Jan. 2023 when South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol referred to Iran as the United Arab Emirates\u2019 <\/span>enemy<\/span><\/a> in off-the-cuff remarks while visiting South Korean troops stationed in the UAE.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

While South Korea\u2019s trade with Iran has <\/span>plummeted<\/span><\/a> since 2018, when the Trump administration reimposed sanctions after unilaterally <\/span>withdrawing<\/span><\/a> from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreement, <\/span>energy trade<\/span><\/a> between the ROK and Russia remains robust.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conversely, active participation \u2014 even if only in defensive operations \u2014 would strengthen South Korea\u2019s alliance with the U.S. and affirm its <\/span>commitment<\/span><\/a> to safeguarding maritime trade routes, a stance that aligns with Western interests in the region.<\/span><\/p>\n

The move could also enhance South Korea\u2019s global alliances and partnerships, thereby aiding its ability to guard against North Korean aggression.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSouth Korea\u2019s involvement would significantly enhance its leverage over North Korea\u2019s nuclear issue,\u201d Ban Kil-joo, a professor at the Ilmin International Relations Institute at Korea University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWithout nuclear weapons of our own, dealing with North Korea meant we often had to concede to Pyongyang\u2019s demands. The strategy has now shifted to involve the international community. By participating in the multinational force, we can increase our leverage in dealing with North Korea\u2019s nuclear issue.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In contemplating this decision, South Korea is weighing the diplomatic risks of participation against the benefits of reinforcing alliances and contributing to regional stability, potentially reshaping Seoul\u2019s diplomatic interactions and global standing.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

The Cheonghae Unit participates in a Combined Task Force-151 anti-piracy operation, Aug. 4, 2022 | Image: ROK Ministry of National Defense<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

ROK MILITARY ASSETS<\/b><\/p>\n

The Cheonghae Unit\u2019s track record in anti-piracy operations, such as the 2011 \u201c<\/span>Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden<\/span><\/a>,\u201d highlights its capability for complex naval operations. If the conflict in the Red Sea escalates, South Korea could leverage the Cheonghae Unit\u2019s experience in ensuring maritime security and freedom of navigation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe Cheonghae Unit\u2019s capabilities offer a range of weapon systems suitable for responding to the Houthi rebels, whether they infiltrate by land, sea, or air. Moreover, the Cheonghae Unit\u2019s vessel houses our special naval warfare teams, ready to conduct anti-terrorism and rescue operations,\u201d Shin Seung-ki, a senior analyst at the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses (KIDA), told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite its capabilities, ROK forces will not likely engage in direct combat even if South Korea agrees to join the U.S.-led coalition. Houthi rebels\u2019 successful attacks against merchant ships have shown them to be a competent military force, unlike Somali pirates that the Cheonghae Unit has faced so far.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCurrently, Korean-flagged merchant ships are not under attack, but if our participation leads to Korean ships becoming targets, resulting in attacks or hijackings, it could bring significant political pressure and public opposition domestically,\u201d Shin said.<\/span><\/p>\n

This leaves defensive and logistic roles that South Korean forces could take on.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSouth Korean troops will likely conduct surveillance missions to help prevent the situation from worsening. But sending forces to directly attack Houthi positions doesn\u2019t appear very likely, considering the potential for further conflict escalation,\u201d Jihoon Yu, a research fellow at KIDA, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The unit\u2019s extensive experience, highlighted by its participation in nearly 22,000 vessel escorts and numerous anti-piracy operations, would allow it to enhance coalition forces\u2019 operational efficiency and provide critical support measures.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

ECONOMIC AND TRADE IMPLICATIONS<\/b><\/p>\n

The conflict in the Red Sea, exacerbated by Houthi rebel attacks, poses a significant threat to global commerce. The Red Sea serves as a critical passage for transporting oil and other goods between Europe, Asia and the Middle East.<\/span><\/p>\n

Disruptions in this region have far-reaching consequences, potentially leading to increased shipping costs, delays in goods delivery and escalated insurance premiums for vessels navigating these waters.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The conflict has already prompted the <\/span>rerouting of commercial vessels<\/span><\/a> to longer, alternative paths, such as around the Cape of Good Hope, adding significant transit time and cost. This disruption also ripples through global supply chains, impacting industries and consumers worldwide.<\/span><\/p>\n

For South Korea, the Red Sea conflict is particularly <\/span>acute<\/span><\/a>. Much of South Korea\u2019s imports and exports, including energy supplies, traverse these waters. Further disruptions in the region could lead to increased transportation costs, fuel prices and delays in receiving essential goods, impacting various sectors of its economy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The prospect of heightened insurance premiums and the potential need to reroute shipping paths pose additional financial burdens. Further, South Korea\u2019s major shipping companies and exporters could face operational challenges, affecting trade competitiveness and economic stability.<\/span><\/p>\n

For instance, increased transportation and fuel costs will almost certainly guarantee that South Korean electric vehicles continue to fail to become eligible to receive <\/span>European countries\u2019 subsidies<\/span><\/a> at a time when the EU is strengthening the <\/span>Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea’s potential involvement in the coalition against the Houthi rebels is not merely a strategic or military decision but also an economic imperative.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

The USS Carney, an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer in the United States Navy, fires at Houthi missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles in the Red Sea, Oct. 19, 2023 | Image: U.S. Department of Defense<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

LEGAL FRAMEWORK<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea will likely point to past multilateral military operations to justify its participation in the coalition.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhile it would be ideal for South Korea to operate under a U.N. Security Council mandate, the functionality of the U.N. Security Council has been halted at present,\u201d Ban of Korea University said. \u201cThe next best option is to join multilateral coalitions based on nations\u2019 own logic to maintain the current rules-based order.<\/span><\/p>\n

Domestically, the legal framework for the Cheonghae Unit\u2019s involvement is clarified by its deployment extension agreement, <\/span>approved<\/span><\/a> by the National Assembly\u2019s National Defense Committee in November.<\/span><\/p>\n

The agreement outlines the unit\u2019s primary mission to ensure the safety of South Korean vessels but also reportedly includes provisions for participation in maritime security operations led by the CMF and the EU in contingencies. That would mean the existing agreement negates the necessity for separate parliamentary consent for participation in CMF-led operations.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, it is unclear if the Yoon administration will agree to deploy South Korean troops and military assets in an intensifying regional conflict before parliamentary elections, which are slated for April 10.<\/span><\/p>\n

EVOLVING ROLE?<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s deliberation over joining the U.S.-led coalition against Houthi rebels in the Red Sea spotlights a pivotal moment in its foreign policy, marked by a convergence of strategic, military, economic and diplomatic considerations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Militarily, the proven capabilities of the Cheonghae Unit offer South Korea a spectrum of operational roles, from logistics to active defense. Economically, the conflict\u2019s disruption of crucial maritime routes highlights the necessity of safeguarding international trade, a pillar of South Korea’s prosperity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Diplomatically, the decision encompasses navigating a web of international relations.<\/span><\/p>\n

While South Korea\u2019s Ministry of National Defense has not yet made any announcements about deploying the Cheonghae Unit, the country\u2019s potential involvement would signify its evolving role and responsibilities in the broader geopolitical landscape.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lina Park and Joon Ha Park contributed to this analysis. Edited by Bryan Betts<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Houthi rebels\u2019 repeated attacks on maritime vessels in the Red Sea have triggered a military response from a U.S.-led international coalition aiming to safeguard crucial shipping lanes. As more ships have come under attack by Houthis missiles and drones, South Korea is reportedly weighing the deployment of its Cheonghae Unit, a naval task force operating […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2203525,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,26,28],"class_list":["post-2203524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-defense-security","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea contemplates defense role in Red Sea tensions - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2024\/01\/south-korea-contemplates-defense-role-in-red-sea-tensions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea contemplates defense role in Red Sea tensions - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Houthi rebels\u2019 repeated attacks on maritime vessels in the Red Sea have triggered a military response from a U.S.-led international coalition aiming to safeguard crucial shipping lanes. 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