{"id":2202637,"date":"2023-11-03T17:00:49","date_gmt":"2023-11-03T08:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2202637"},"modified":"2023-11-06T19:05:37","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T10:05:37","slug":"south-koreas-coastal-defense-the-gap-between-tech-prowess-and-practical-skills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/11\/south-koreas-coastal-defense-the-gap-between-tech-prowess-and-practical-skills\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea\u2019s coastal defense: The gap between tech prowess and practical skills"},"content":{"rendered":"

Recent maritime breaches along South Korea\u2019s coastal borders have raised concerns about the reliability of the country\u2019s main defense tools: the Thermal Observation Device (TOD) and radar. The TOD detects nighttime objects based on their heat signatures, while radar uses radio waves to identify distant objects. Together, they play a crucial role in South Korea\u2019s early warning system.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, having advanced technology isn\u2019t enough. Defense experts stress the importance of thorough training and expertise among ROK Army personnel for these systems to be effective.<\/span><\/p>\n

STRENGTHS AND SHORTCOMINGS<\/b><\/p>\n

In 2019, following the ROK defense ministry\u2019s <\/span>oversight<\/span><\/a> during a defection incident at Samcheok port near the Northern Limit Line \u2014 the disputed maritime demarcation line between the two Koreas in the Yellow Sea \u2014 the Army\u2019s 23rd Division\u2019s coastal defense equipment was <\/span>identified<\/span><\/a> as a TOD-II model.<\/span><\/p>\n

This equipment, showing signs of wear and tear, was operated only at night. Recognizing this limitation, there was a <\/span>shift<\/span><\/a> to the more advanced TOD-III model at essential bases and units.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet persistent breaches along the coastal borders in 2021, 2022, and as recent as last October cast doubts on the efficiency of these systems\u2019 surveillance capabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korean media in 2021 <\/span>highlighted<\/span><\/a> another concern: the coastal surveillance systems\u2019 extreme sensitivity. Reports indicated false alarms \u2014 often triggered by birds or wind \u2014 as frequent as 210,000 times annually, leading to military staff spending more time troubleshooting false alerts rather than focusing on real-time monitoring.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yang Uk, a military analyst at the Seoul-based Asan Institute, pinpointed a significant limitation of the TOD: its inability to provide clear shape details despite detecting heat. \u201cEven with night vision devices, when you have adequate lighting, you can identify shapes to some aspect. TOD is not as good at shape recognition,\u201d Yang explained.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shin Seung-ki, a senior analyst at the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses (KIDA) elaborated on challenges with radar, especially when detecting smaller vessels from afar or during adverse weather conditions. \u201cStrong waves can distort or scatter radar reflections, making it harder to detect small vessels, especially when they are close to the radar\u2019s detection limit.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Following the \u2018Defense Reform 2.0\u2019 introduced by the Moon Jae-in administration in 2017, the 23rd Division was <\/span>disbanded<\/span><\/a> in 2021 and restructured into the 23rd Guard Division. This year saw the <\/span>disbandment<\/span><\/a> of the 8th Army Corps, previously overseeing the entire east coast\u2019s defense. Such reform is aimed at addressing South Korea\u2019s decreasing population by leveraging <\/span>AI-based defense systems<\/span><\/a> along borders.<\/span><\/p>\n

Acknowledging the country\u2019s evident personnel shortage, Yang added that plans to \u201cimplement automation and smart video maintenance need to be expanded continuously\u201d at the borders to offset this declining manpower.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yu Jihoon, another research fellow at KIDA, believes that leveraging future tech, such as unmanned systems, could bolster coastal threat detection, offering a streamlined process amid manpower and equipment constraints.<\/span><\/p>\n

Achieving full surveillance is the goal, but Shin explained that the goal is challenging. \u201cEnhancing surveillance is a continuous effort of improvements and fine-tuning,\u201d Shin told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Two soldiers from the ROK Army\u2019s disbanded 23rd Division stand watch while on coastal border patrol duty, May 10, 2013 | Image: ROK Ministry of National Defense via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

ADDRESSING THE BIGGER PICTURE<\/b><\/p>\n

While a shift to AI surveillance is a step forward, experts informed <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that solely transitioning from the traditional TOD and radar systems isn\u2019t enough. More emphasis should be put on the decision-making, operational and collaborative capabilities of ROK\u2019s forces.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shin from KIDA stated the importance of \u201ca certain level of expertise and experience for effective operation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s more than just technology; it\u2019s about having the capabilities to use it efficiently,\u201d Yu told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. Although personnel undergo equipment training, a significant gap exists \u201cbetween training and becoming proficient in its use.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere may be differences in individual capacities, and it\u2019s crucial to periodically assess and ensure that the personnel responsible for operating such equipment are adequately skilled,\u201d Yu told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yu acknowledged the existence of a manual for maritime surveillance, but he also highlighted its limitations. \u201cReal-world scenarios often deviate from the manual, and in these situations, human judgment can be challenging,\u201d Yu said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Emphasizing the importance of joint operations among ROK Armed Forces branches, experts believe collaboration is key for optimal surveillance and coastal defense.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yu underlined the importance of rapid identification upon contact. Once detected, relevant units like the navy and coast guard share live data, forming the basis for response actions. \u201cThrough information-sharing, joint responses can be coordinated effectively,\u201d Yu told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Yang from the Asan Institute pointed out an \u201cevident lack of practical cooperation\u201d between South Korea\u2019s army, navy and air force, adding that \u201cprioritizing the development of inter-branch cooperation is crucial.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cInstead of just acquiring more weapon systems, the focus should be on improving operational capabilities through better integration of existing resources,\u201d Yang explained to <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yang also addressed concerns over \u201can inefficient command and control system\u201d which he sees as a reflection of \u201cleadership failure within the command structures that affect our [South Korea\u2019s] cooperative surveillance capabilities.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Recently, the defense ministry announced <\/span>significant personnel changes<\/span><\/a>, including new nominations for the ROK Joint Chief of Staff and other high-ranking senior posts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yang interpreted this move as a signal of government mistrust and dissatisfaction. \u201cThe changes serve as a stern reminder for the top brass to perform their duties efficiently,\u201d he remarked.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe move reflects a certain level of mistrust and dissatisfaction from the government. The reshuffle is essentially a warning to these generals and admirals to do their jobs properly,\u201d Yang added.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Technology & Cyber<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Recent maritime breaches along South Korea\u2019s coastal borders have raised concerns about the reliability of the country\u2019s main defense tools: the Thermal Observation Device (TOD) and radar. The TOD detects nighttime objects based on their heat signatures, while radar uses radio waves to identify distant objects. Together, they play a crucial role in South Korea\u2019s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2202638,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,29],"class_list":["post-2202637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-defense-security","tag-technology-cyber"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea\u2019s coastal defense: The gap between tech prowess and practical skills - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/11\/south-koreas-coastal-defense-the-gap-between-tech-prowess-and-practical-skills\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea\u2019s coastal defense: The gap between tech prowess and practical skills - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Recent maritime breaches along South Korea\u2019s coastal borders have raised concerns about the reliability of the country\u2019s main defense tools: the Thermal Observation Device (TOD) and radar. 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