{"id":2202350,"date":"2023-09-25T18:23:39","date_gmt":"2023-09-25T09:23:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2202350"},"modified":"2023-09-26T17:01:26","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T08:01:26","slug":"south-koreas-space-program-pursues-grand-ambitions-with-u-s-support","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/09\/south-koreas-space-program-pursues-grand-ambitions-with-u-s-support\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea\u2019s space program pursues \u2018grand ambitions\u2019 with U.S. support"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korea, though a relatively recent entrant in the space race, is now shooting for the stars, bolstered by its own initiative and backing from the U.S.<\/span><\/p>\n

President Yoon Suk-yeol has prioritized space development during the past year, and according to Jennifer Hong, senior director of the Project 2049 Institute, his \u201cgrand ambitions\u201d have elevated South Korea\u2019s participation in this increasingly pivotal sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSpace is \u2026 an untapped frontier that is going to be on everyone\u2019s mind,\u201d she told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet in spite of Yoon\u2019s ambitious goals, South Korea\u2019s space program grapples with challenges such as technological limitations and funding shortages. Without a defined objective, the nation could find it hard to keep pace with its more established counterparts.<\/span><\/p>\n

To address these issues, Seoul might enhance its collaboration with Washington during Yoon\u2019s tenure. However, aligning their respective visions for South Korea\u2019s space trajectory remains a topic of discussion.<\/span><\/p>\n

But as the importance of space continues to grow, the two sides will likely increase joint efforts and reap the benefits, according to Suon Choi, associate research fellow at Korea Institute for Defense Analyses (KIDA).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIn the future, space will create new economic value and become a very important area for security strategies, so cooperation between South Korea and the U.S. is highly likely to increase,\u201d she said.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

President Yoon Suk-yeol visits NASA\u2019s Goddard Space Center, April 25, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

SEOUL\u2019S SPACE AMBITIONS<\/b><\/p>\n

Since taking office, Yoon has often advocated an ambitious space agenda for South Korea, <\/span>spanning<\/span><\/a> from nurturing the domestic space industry to aiming for interplanetary ventures.<\/span><\/p>\n

To advance this goal, his administration outlined its primary objectives in South Korea\u2019s <\/span>Fourth Basic Plan for the Promotion of Space Development<\/span><\/a> in Dec. 2022. This plan was built upon the successes of the previous year, including the launches of the <\/span>Nuri space launch vehicle<\/span><\/a> (SLV) and the <\/span>Danuri lunar probe<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

This comprehensive plan highlighted various <\/span>objectives<\/span><\/a>: aiming for lunar and Mars landings by 2032 and 2045 respectively, <\/span>bolstering space security<\/span><\/a>, capturing a 10% share of the global space economy by 2045, and launching a new aerospace administration akin to NASA by year\u2019s end.<\/span><\/p>\n

In terms of space defense, Seoul is gearing up to deploy a <\/span>military reconnaissance satellite<\/span><\/a> within the year. Additionally, the air force <\/span>unveiled<\/span><\/a> a dedicated space operations squadron last December to monitor space-based threats.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alongside these domestic efforts, South Korea seeks to amplify joint efforts with the U.S. in this burgeoning field.<\/span><\/p>\n

During a <\/span>visit to NASA<\/span><\/a> in April, Yoon advocated cooperation between the prospective South Korean space agency and its U.S. counterpart.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, against the backdrop of North Korea\u2019s escalating missile activities, Yoon has also prioritized greater coordination with the U.S. and Japan. At a <\/span>summit<\/span><\/a> held at Camp David last month, the three countries\u2019 leaders underscored the need to intensify trilateral discussions centered on space security cooperation.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a bid to counteract Pyongyang\u2019s \u201cexistential\u201d threats, the U.S. Space Force <\/span>unveiled<\/span><\/a> a unit based in South Korea in Dec. 2022. Recent signals also allude to potential <\/span>trilateral cooperation<\/span><\/a> in the offing, in coordination with a <\/span>forthcoming Japanese division<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

LIMITATIONS AND STRENGTHS<\/b><\/p>\n

The Yoon administration has set lofty goals for its space development program, yet it faces significant challenges, according to experts.<\/span><\/p>\n

A principal challenge lies in South Korea\u2019s existing technological and financial disparities when compared to leading space nations.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCompared to major countries, South Korea has limitations as a latecomer in space development,\u201d KIDA\u2019s Choi told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Concurring with Choi’s assessment, Hong remarked that South Korea\u2019s space technology finds itself \u201cdecades behind\u201d the well-established space programs of nations like the U.S., Russia, Japan, China and India.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hong cited the limited SLV capabilities as indicative of this technological disparity. However, she also remarked that major space nations, such as the U.S., view South Korea\u2019s focus on <\/span>indigenous launch technologies<\/span><\/a> as a potential distraction from advancing in <\/span>niche capabilities<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

While other countries might find it beneficial for Seoul to harness the prowess of private entities like SpaceX or to rely on the established capabilities of partner nations, Hong believes Seoul will remain committed to its SLV aspirations, given strong domestic backing and its aim of self-sufficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet by pursuing a myriad of goals, Hong believes that South Korea risks being a \u201cjack of all trades\u201d rather than a \u201cmaster of something,\u201d thereby diluting its resources and talent pool.<\/span><\/p>\n

Funding poses another hurdle. While Seoul\u2019s 2023 <\/span>budget for space development<\/span><\/a>, at $674 million (874.2 billion won), is a record, it\u2019s dwarfed by NASA\u2019s <\/span>$25.4 billion budget<\/span><\/a> and the <\/span>substantial investments<\/span><\/a> by other space giants like China and Japan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Touching upon defense, Choi noted the ROK lacks a dedicated national security strategy for space and a specific overseeing body. She suggested that the defense ministry is best suited to address potential space \u201cmilitarization.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, Choi observed that collaborations between South Korea\u2019s public and private sectors lack continuity. Many of the local private firms engaged in space endeavors are of modest size, leading to constrained manpower and expertise.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet despite these challenges, Choi highlighted some silver linings. She emphasized South Korea\u2019s recent technological strides, the administration\u2019s dedication to space and the collaborative endeavors with the U.S. She cited the swift progression of the Nuri and Danuri projects as testaments to the nation\u2019s potential.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

President Yoon Suk-yeol meets with Korean-American NASA scientists at NASA’s Goddard Space Center, April 25, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

WORKING WITH THE U.S.<\/b><\/p>\n

The recent bolstering of U.S.-ROK space collaboration has already borne fruit. Noteworthy developments include the inception of the U.S. Space Force\u2019s South Korean unit and a <\/span>cooperation agreement<\/span><\/a> between NASA and Seoul\u2019s Ministry of Science and ICT, according to Choi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSpace exploration and strengthening space defense capabilities are in the common interests of South Korea and the U.S.,\u201d she told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beyond defense, she emphasized the budding industrial collaboration between private entities of the two nations. During Yoon\u2019s April trip to the U.S., South Korea\u2019s Boryung and U.S. firm Axiom Space agreed to <\/span>establish a joint venture<\/span><\/a> dedicated to space endeavors.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, while there\u2019s a consensus on overarching goals such as space security, exploration and sustainability, certain challenges persist, notes Hong from the Project 2049 Institute.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBoth governments must create an environment where they are collaborating together and are at least rowing in the same direction,\u201d she said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hong points out that the U.S. and South Korea diverge on the \u201cthreat picture.\u201d The U.S. identifies China as its principal concern, whereas South Korea remains vigilant against the \u201cdaily provocateur\u201d North Korea. Another point of contention Hong noted is the scope of South Korea\u2019s tech pursuit, with Washington preferring that its allies <\/span>refrain from duplicating existing capabilities<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moreover, Hong identifies a strategic challenge: South Korea\u2019s ambition to cement itself as a \u201cglobal pivotal state\u201d rather than partnering with strong regional space programs like those of Japan, Australia and Taiwan.<\/span><\/p>\n

To truly optimize U.S.-ROK space ties, Hong advises patience and the need to reconcile these differences. Yet she remains optimistic, drawing attention to South Korea\u2019s history of economic and technological growth.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThey’ve demonstrated to the world and to themselves that they have the grit, the work ethic and the drive to be a formidable player,\u201d she told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a>Technology & Cyber<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korea, though a relatively recent entrant in the space race, is now shooting for the stars, bolstered by its own initiative and backing from the U.S. President Yoon Suk-yeol has prioritized space development during the past year, and according to Jennifer Hong, senior director of the Project 2049 Institute, his \u201cgrand ambitions\u201d have elevated […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2202351,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[28,29],"class_list":["post-2202350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations","tag-technology-cyber"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea\u2019s space program pursues \u2018grand ambitions\u2019 with U.S. support - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/09\/south-koreas-space-program-pursues-grand-ambitions-with-u-s-support\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea\u2019s space program pursues \u2018grand ambitions\u2019 with U.S. support - 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