{"id":2202335,"date":"2023-09-22T17:00:16","date_gmt":"2023-09-22T08:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2202335"},"modified":"2023-09-25T18:23:53","modified_gmt":"2023-09-25T09:23:53","slug":"why-opposition-leaders-hunger-strike-is-different-from-those-that-came-before","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/09\/why-opposition-leaders-hunger-strike-is-different-from-those-that-came-before\/","title":{"rendered":"Why opposition leader\u2019s hunger strike is different from those that came before"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korea faces heightened political tension following the National Assembly\u2019s decision on Thursday to <\/span>approve<\/span><\/a> a motion that could allow the arrest of main opposition Democratic Party (DP) leader Lee Jae-myung. The charges against Lee revolve around allegations of <\/span>bribery, breach of trust<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>unauthorized financial transactions<\/span><\/a> with North Korea during his tenure as mayor of Seongnam City and governor of Gyeonggi Province.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee, now on the 23rd day of his \u201c<\/span>indefinite<\/span><\/a>\u201d hunger strike, cites an assortment of reasons for his protest, including the Yoon administration\u2019s <\/span>economic policies<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>clampdown on press freedom<\/span><\/a>, a lack of senior officials taking <\/span>responsibility<\/span><\/a> for last October\u2019s <\/span>Itaewon crowd crush disaster<\/span><\/a> and the <\/span>failure to oppose<\/span><\/a> Japan\u2019s release of its ALPS-treated contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant.<\/span><\/p>\n

While hunger strikes have historically been a form of protest employed by notable South Korean political figures, the nuances of Lee\u2019s current strike attract significant attention. Experts suggest that Lee\u2019s protest could simultaneously convey a call for democratic principles and function as a strategic defense against possible prosecution in light of his legal challenges.<\/span><\/p>\n

WELL-WORN PATH<\/b><\/p>\n

The decision in Thursday\u2019s plenary session cleared the way for Lee to face a court\u2019s warrant review. However, his ongoing hunger strike and subsequent <\/span>hospitalization<\/span><\/a> have clouded his potential attendance at the impending hearing set for <\/span>next Tuesday<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

On Monday, South Korean prosecutors <\/span>requested<\/span><\/a> an arrest warrant for Lee, citing allegations of bribery and breach of trust. This move marks the culmination of a <\/span>drawn-out legal standoff<\/span><\/a> between Lee and the prosecution.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, critics such as Yoo Sang-beom, a spokesperson for the ruling People Power Party (PPP), <\/span>denounced<\/span><\/a> Lee\u2019s hunger strike, suggesting it was a strategy to garner public sympathy. Yoo remarked on Sept. 20 that Lee embarked on his hunger strike when he realized the likely issuance of his arrest warrant, aiming to sway opinion against the parliamentary motion seeking consent for his arrest.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hunger strikes have periodically punctuated South Korea\u2019s political landscape. Lee Jae-myung joins the ranks of numerous politicians and former presidents who have resorted to this form of protest. These strikes have typically spotlighted broad political issues and demanded societal reform.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kim Seong-tae, a former PPP lawmaker who held a <\/span>nine-day hunger strike<\/span><\/a> in 2018, reflected on the act during a radio interview. He <\/span>labeled<\/span><\/a> it \u201ca form of resistance\u201d and noted it\u2019s often seen as \u201cthe last and ultimate resort.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

One of the most notable uses of the hunger strike in South Korean politics occurred in 1983 when Kim Young-sam, an opposition leader and democracy who later became president 10 years later, challenged then-South Korean leader Chun Doo-hwan. Kim, under house arrest at the time, <\/span>embarked<\/span><\/a> on a 23-day fast, advocating for a democratic presidential system, the release of political prisoners and enhanced press freedom.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historians often attribute Kim\u2019s strike as instrumental in rallying support for democratic voting and a subsequent constitutional change. Another political heavyweight, Kim Dae-jung, elected president in 1998, also <\/span>engaged<\/span><\/a> in a 13-day hunger strike in 1990, demanding local elections. Under pressure, the Roh Tae-woo administration heeded this call, with local elections <\/span>held<\/span><\/a> the following year.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fast forwarding to 2014, then-opposition leader Moon Jae-in expressed solidarity with Kim Young-oh, a parent of a <\/span>Sewol ferry disaster<\/span><\/a> victim. Moon <\/span>fasted<\/span><\/a> alongside Kim for over a week, who sought legislation for an independent examination of the tragedy.<\/span><\/p>\n

In 2019, Hwang Kyo-ahn, leader of the primary conservative opposition at the time, went on an <\/span>8-day hunger strike<\/span><\/a> outside the Blue House, South Korea\u2019s former presidential residence. He urged the Moon administration to reconsider reform bills and recommit to the <\/span>General Security of Military Information Agreement<\/span><\/a>, a military intelligence-sharing pact, with Japan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Lee Jae-myung reads a prepared statement for reporters after arriving for questioning at the Seoul Prosecutor\u2019s Office, Sept. 9, 2023 | Image: Democratic Party of Korea via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

ULTERIOR MOTIVES?<\/b><\/p>\n

Kim Young-sam and Kim Dae-jung\u2019s hunger strikes played a pivotal role in influencing the progression of South Korea\u2019s democracy. However, pointing to the DP\u2019s <\/span>intra-party rivalry<\/span><\/a> between opposing factions, some experts believe that Lee Jae-myung\u2019s underlying motivations might diverge from the previous narrative.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kim Sung-soo, a political science professor at Hanyang University, urges a more critical observation of the political motivations behind such actions in today\u2019s democratic context.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe hunger strike, once a hallmark of democratic resistance, has transitioned into a multifaceted political tool in today\u2019s South Korea,\u201d Kim told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cAs ruling and opposition parties vie for influence, hunger strikes have become a means to advance political agendas.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNowadays, hunger strikes or similar protests are often used to draw the public\u2019s attention to specific political issues or points of contention,\u201d Kim added.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe rationale behind Lee\u2019s hunger strike does not effectively resonate with the general public,\u201d Shin Sang-jin, an international relations professor at Kwangwoon University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cThe strike emerged more from the context of ongoing investigations rather than deeply rooted principles of democracy and human rights.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Kim from Hanyang University views Lee\u2019s hunger strike as a maneuver to rally support from his party and reshape the surrounding legal and political narrative in his favor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLee seeks to elevate his political standing through his hunger strike,\u201d Kim told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cBy going on a hunger strike, he aims to alleviate the legal pressure he is under, and given his deteriorating health, his critics find themselves restricted in their ability to speak out.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Lee Jae-myung\u2019s ongoing hunger strike has brought him to a critical juncture, as a judge will soon <\/span>review<\/span><\/a> his detention warrant, a decision made all the more complex due to Lee’s hospitalization. Further, <\/span>thousands<\/span><\/a> of Lee\u2019s supporters attempted to enter the National Assembly upon learning that legislators passed the motion that might lead to his possible arrest, imposing additional pressure and foreshadowing a deepening political divide.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLee Jae-myung had likely contemplated various outcomes and responses when initiating his hunger strike,\u201d Kim of Hanyang University told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korea faces heightened political tension following the National Assembly\u2019s decision on Thursday to approve a motion that could allow the arrest of main opposition Democratic Party (DP) leader Lee Jae-myung. 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