{"id":2202300,"date":"2023-09-19T17:00:12","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T08:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2202300"},"modified":"2023-09-20T17:52:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T08:52:41","slug":"why-south-koreas-insular-geopolitical-outlook-puts-its-asean-outreach-at-risk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/09\/why-south-koreas-insular-geopolitical-outlook-puts-its-asean-outreach-at-risk\/","title":{"rendered":"Why South Korea\u2019s insular geopolitical outlook puts its ASEAN outreach at risk"},"content":{"rendered":"

During South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol\u2019s recent attendance at the 43rd ASEAN and East Asia summits, Yoon aimed to secure <\/span>ASEAN\u2019s backing<\/span><\/a> against North Korea\u2019s escalating missile and nuclear threats, labeling them an \u201c<\/span>existential threat<\/span><\/a>\u201d to all member nations. He also advocated for <\/span>united efforts<\/span><\/a> to prevent North Korea\u2019s cryptocurrency thefts and the export of North Korean laborers, which he identified as the primary financial source supporting Pyongyang\u2019s missile and nuclear weapon endeavors.<\/span><\/p>\n

His address highlights his drive to bolster relations with Southeast Asian countries in alignment with Seoul\u2019s <\/span>Indo-Pacific Strategy<\/span><\/a>. However, a significant challenge lies ahead: ensuring commitment to a rules-based Indo-Pacific order beyond Yoon\u2019s tenure.<\/span><\/p>\n

APPEALING CHOICE<\/b><\/p>\n

The joint statement between Korea and ASEAN issued at the summit cited the U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) as the foundation for an enhanced maritime partnership. It\u2019s significant to note that the 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration decision, which dismissed the Chinese \u201cnine-dash line\u201d claim in the South China Sea, used UNCLOS as its guiding principle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Coupled with the <\/span>Spirit of Camp David joint statement<\/span><\/a> in August, which also invoked UNCLOS to criticize Chinese Coast Guard actions against the Philippine Coast Guard, South Korea has subtly positioned itself against China\u2019s maritime assertions.<\/span><\/p>\n

While Seoul is pursuing a strategy that strives for harmonious relations with regional heavyweights without explicitly alienating any country, South Korea\u2019s adoption of UNCLOS makes this approach more challenging going forward.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chinese Premier Li Qiang, during the ASEAN Plus Three summit, <\/span>stressed<\/span><\/a> it was \u201cvery important to oppose taking sides, bloc confrontation and a new Cold War,\u201d underscoring the delicate balance that Seoul aims to achieve: supporting Yoon\u2019s dedication to a rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific and maintaining strong ties with Beijing, with the hope of influencing North Korea\u2019s actions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, Seoul\u2019s adoption of UNCLOS and its \u201cinclusive\u201d Indo-Pacific Strategy that \u201cneither targets nor excludes any particular country\u201d is <\/span>welcomed<\/span><\/a> by ASEAN.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe inclusive nature of the Indo-Pacific Strategy was consistent with most Southeast Asian nations\u2019 desire to maintain positive relations with as many partners as possible,\u201d Gregory Poling, the director of the Center for Strategic and International Studies\u2019 Southeast Asia Program, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poling noted the growing economic and security ties with ASEAN countries and remarked that these ties position Korea as a \u201chelpful but still distant partner,\u201d contrasting with \u201cresident players\u201d such as the U.S., Japan and China.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThat makes engagement with South Korea relatively uncontroversial, but it also means that Southeast Asian countries still don\u2019t really view it as part of the \u2018choice\u2019 they are being asked to make between the great and middle powers,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n

The ROK\u2019s increased outreach to ASEAN in terms of regional investment and technological advancement was expected and welcomed as Seoul is a model of a democracy where prosperity reinforces its citizens\u2019 freedoms, according to Dr. Rizal Sukma, a senior fellow at the Indonesian Center for Strategic and International Studies.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe can tell both China and the U.S. that we, the middle powers, do have agency and also want to shape the evolving regional order,\u201d Sukma told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

President Yoon Suk-yeol attends the Korea-ASEAN Summit at the Jakarta Convention Center (JCC) in Indonesia, Sept. 6, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

GREATER ECONOMIC INTEGRATION<\/b><\/p>\n

The slow resurgence of the Chinese economy, compounded by the after-effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and Beijing\u2019s stringent \u201czero-COVID\u201d management policy, now faces the additional pressure of a rising <\/span>debt crisis<\/span><\/a> affecting foreign trade.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Although the vast scale of the Chinese economy indicates that neither South Korea nor ASEAN can fully replace the demand or production capacity of the Chinese market, the economic landscape provides the ROK and ASEAN the opportunity to pursue greater economic cooperation, according to Farlina Said, a senior analyst with the Malaysian Institute for Strategic and International Studies.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKorea could pursue greater integration of Korean firms in the industrial supply chains of ASEAN member states,\u201d Said told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>, pointing to the existing engagement of Korean businesses in Vietnam as a potential model.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon was accompanied by a 205-member business delegation during his <\/span>state visit to Vietnam<\/span><\/a> in June, which included leading figures from heavyweight South Korean firms such as Samsung Electronics, SK Group and Hyundai Motor Group. According to the ROK presidential office, around <\/span>9,000<\/span><\/a> South Korean companies currently operate in Vietnam.<\/span><\/p>\n

By expanding its outreach to other ASEAN countries beyond Vietnam, as it has with <\/span>Indonesia<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Malaysia<\/span><\/a>, South Korea could foster mutually beneficial relationships while concurrently mitigating the fallout from China\u2019s economic slowdown.<\/span><\/p>\n

Said from the Malaysian Institute for Strategic and International Studies also remarked that ASEAN companies might consider adopting a \u201cChina with a plus one presence\u201d approach to navigate supply chain disruptions. This shift offers a prime opportunity for Korean firms to embed themselves further in these supply chains.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBuilding supply chain resilience that could deepen economic partnerships would enhance relations between ROK and ASEAN member states,\u201d she added.<\/span><\/p>\n

HOLDING THE LINE<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s endeavors to connect with ASEAN largely hinge on continuing the Indo-Pacific Strategy\u2019s vision for Korean-ASEAN relations beyond Yoon\u2019s tenure. Reflecting on the Moon Jae-in administration\u2019s New Southern Policy on which Yoon\u2019s Indo-Pacific strategy is based, Said from the Malaysian Institute for Strategic and International Studies noted that the New Southern Policy\u2019s strength lay in establishing consistent interactions between Korea and ASEAN member states.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the longevity of Seoul\u2019s outreach to ASEAN post-Yoon\u2019s presidency will require a transformative approach from South Korean policymakers, according to Brad Glosserman, the deputy director of the Center for Rule-Making Strategies at Japan\u2019s Tama University.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe South Korean policy space needs to move beyond the fixation on [Korean] peninsula affairs and think about systematically engaging the wider world, as well as getting past the \u2018shrimp among whales\u2019 mentality,\u201d Glosserman told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s recent appeal for ASEAN and regional backing for North Korea\u2019s denuclearization is reminiscent of Seoul\u2019s traditional geopolitical concerns \u2014 which ASEAN member states prioritize less than economic collaboration. Maintaining the momentum of renewed, expansive South Korean diplomacy \u2014 both in the region and globally \u2014 will be instrumental in addressing longstanding challenges on the Korean Peninsula, particularly those related to North Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

During South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol\u2019s recent attendance at the 43rd ASEAN and East Asia summits, Yoon aimed to secure ASEAN\u2019s backing against North Korea\u2019s escalating missile and nuclear threats, labeling them an \u201cexistential threat\u201d to all member nations. He also advocated for united efforts to prevent North Korea\u2019s cryptocurrency thefts and the export of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2202301,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,26,28],"class_list":["post-2202300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-defense-security","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy South Korea\u2019s insular geopolitical outlook puts its ASEAN outreach at risk - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/09\/why-south-koreas-insular-geopolitical-outlook-puts-its-asean-outreach-at-risk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why South Korea\u2019s insular geopolitical outlook puts its ASEAN outreach at risk - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"During South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol\u2019s recent attendance at the 43rd ASEAN and East Asia summits, Yoon aimed to secure ASEAN\u2019s backing against North Korea\u2019s escalating missile and nuclear threats, labeling them an \u201cexistential threat\u201d to all member nations. 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