{"id":2202073,"date":"2023-08-24T17:14:10","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T08:14:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2202073"},"modified":"2023-08-25T17:01:37","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T08:01:37","slug":"how-the-camp-david-summit-underscores-south-koreas-stance-on-south-china-sea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/08\/how-the-camp-david-summit-underscores-south-koreas-stance-on-south-china-sea\/","title":{"rendered":"How the Camp David summit underscores South Korea\u2019s stance on South China Sea"},"content":{"rendered":"

In the wake of the Aug. 18 \u201c<\/span>Spirit of Camp David<\/span><\/a>\u201d joint declaration, the U.S., South Korea and Japan unveiled what they christened as a \u201cnew era of trilateral partnership.\u201d This agreement scales trilateral cooperation to new heights, but it also underscores a pronounced pivot in South Korea\u2019s foreign policy doctrine \u2014 primarily marked by Seoul\u2019s departure from its past equivocal position on the South China Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n

The joint statement directly addresses the elephant in the room \u2014 China\u2019s \u201cdangerous and aggressive behavior supporting unlawful maritime claims\u201d \u2014 highlighting an Aug. 5 incident when Chinese Coast Guard ships took <\/span>aggressive action<\/span><\/a> against their Philippine counterparts who were on a mission to resupply a Philippine military outpost on the Second Thomas Shoal in the disputed Spratly Islands.<\/span><\/p>\n

The larger picture, however, lies in the declaration\u2019s invocation of the 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration verdict that challenged the legal validity of China\u2019s sweeping \u201cnine-dash line\u201d claims under the U.N Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). This ruling, the joint statement says, \u201csets out the legal basis for the peaceful resolution of maritime conflicts between the parties to that proceeding.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

As the tides of regional dynamics shift, this trilateral statement not only carves out a new chapter for South Korea\u2019s foreign policy but could also recalibrate the balance of power in the region.<\/span><\/p>\n

Building on a <\/span>statement<\/span><\/a> from the ROK Embassy in the Philippines, the Camp David joint statement voiced concerns over the incident on Aug. 5. Although the embassy\u2019s statement stopped short of naming China directly, it underscored Korea\u2019s commitment to peace, stability and a rules-based order in the South China Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n

It also highlighted the region\u2019s significance as a vital international sea lane and championed the freedom of navigation and overflight, rooted in the principles of international law, including UNCLOS.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe Camp David statement showed remarkable progress in the development of Korea\u2019s stance on the South China Sea,\u201d Wongyi Choe, a professor and the head of the Center for ASEAN-India Studies at the Korea National Diplomatic Academy (KNDA), told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSeoul has finally broken its long-held silence on South China Sea issues and started to speak out.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Chinese maritime militia vessels anchored near Whitsun Reef, March 31, 2021 | Image: Philippine Presidential Communications Office via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

EVOLVING PERSPECTIVES<\/b><\/p>\n

Before 2015, the ROK\u2019s position on South China Sea disputes mainly revolved around <\/span>broad endorsements<\/span><\/a> for freedom of navigation and aspirations for a peaceful, dialogue-driven resolution. This non-committal stance began to change in Nov. 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n

Speaking at the ASEAN Defense Ministers\u2019 Meeting-Plus, South Korea\u2019s then-defense minister Han Min-goo <\/span>stated<\/span><\/a>, \u201cThe stance of the Republic of Korea is that a peaceful resolution of the South China Sea dispute and the freedom of navigation and flight should be guaranteed.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

It was the first time a high-ranking South Korean official referred to the South China Sea dispute while the top defense officials of the U.S. and China sat together.<\/span><\/p>\n

At the East Asia Summit in Malaysia later that month, then-President Park Geun-hye <\/span>reiterated<\/span><\/a> South Korea\u2019s emphasis on resolving the dispute in line with international accords and codes of conduct. She contended that China should uphold the principle of free navigation and flight, closely mirroring the American stance.<\/span><\/p>\n

President Moon Jae-in\u2019s tenure saw a shift in South Korea\u2019s foreign policy, with an inclination toward \u201c<\/span>strategic ambiguity<\/span><\/a>.\u201d Moon\u2019s approach aimed at balancing relations without overtly favoring the U.S. or China. As Moon\u2019s foreign policy primarily revolved around his endorsement of the Sunshine Policy, which aspired to reach sustainable peace on the Korean Peninsula, he could not afford to alienate either Washington or Beijing.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon Suk-yeol\u2019s presidency has ushered in a new era of foreign policy yet again, marked by a departure from Moon\u2019s strategic ambiguity in favor of \u201cvalues-based diplomacy.\u201d Yoon has <\/span>publicly expressed<\/span><\/a> his opposition to \u201cany unilateral change in the status quo by force.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s <\/span>Indo-Pacific Strategy<\/span><\/a>, unveiled in Dec. 2022, mirrors this sentiment, championing a regional order anchored in rules and universal values rather than force or coercion.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt was only a matter of time before the principles that Yoon and the Indo-Pacific Strategy promoted were reflected in diplomatic statements and actions like the embassy\u2019s statement and the trilateral Camp David statement,\u201d KNDA\u2019s Choe told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

ROK Foreign Minister Park Jin meets with then-Chinese Director of the Office of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi in Indonesia on the sidelines of the 56th\u00a0ASEAN Foreign Ministers’\u00a0Meeting, July 14, 2023 | Image: ROK Ministry of Foreign Affairs<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

STAKE IN STABILITY<\/b><\/p>\n

Though South Korea doesn\u2019t lay claim to any part of the South China Sea, its trade interests intertwine deeply with the stability of this region. The ROK\u2019s Indo-Pacific Strategy underscores the significance: 64% of Korea\u2019s crude oil imports and 46% of its natural gas come through these waters, emphasizing the region\u2019s pivotal role in the country\u2019s energy security.<\/span><\/p>\n

Any miscalculation or escalation from China or other claimants in the South China Sea could catapult the region into severe conflict. Such an outcome would place significant risks to the ROK\u2019s trade and energy frameworks.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Aug. 5 Second Thomas Shoal incident offers a lens into China\u2019s potential perspective. In the wake of the Camp David summit, Chinese state-run media labeled the gathering as the genesis of a \u201c<\/span>mini-NATO<\/span><\/a>,\u201d hinting at a \u201c<\/span>Cold War mentality<\/span><\/a>\u201d intent on containing China\u2019s influence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although the Philippines <\/span>succeeded<\/span><\/a> in delivering fresh supplies to its outpost on the Second Thomas Shoal on Aug. 22 despite Beijing\u2019s attempts to \u201cblock, harass and interfere with the supply mission,\u201d China shows no signs of surrendering its claims to the South China Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a press briefing on Wednesday, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin <\/span>asserted<\/span><\/a> that the Chinese Coast Guard\u2019s use of a water cannon to block a Philippine supply boat from delivering supplies on Aug. 5 was \u201cin accordance with the law.\u201d Wang further demanded that the Philippines \u201cimmediately stop any action that may complicate the situation on the ground.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The real test for Seoul will be Beijing\u2019s response going forward. While it remains to be seen whether China will limit its pushback to fiery editorials or official statements, there is <\/span>growing anticipation<\/span><\/a> that Beijing will take some type of action. Beyond the coercive economic means that China has employed against South Korea in the past, it could \u201crespond in kind\u201d with more aggressive assertions of its exclusive economic zone claims in the Yellow Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although the Yellow Sea lacks the natural features of the South China Sea, it is still susceptible to China\u2019s \u201c<\/span>gray zone<\/span><\/a>\u201d strategies. The increased deployment of vessels from the People\u2019s Armed Forces Maritime Militia, the China Coast Guard, or seabed surveying ships are potential manifestations of this tactic in the Yellow Sea region.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, Seoul\u2019s increasingly vocal stance on the South China Sea could result in China scaling back its moderating influence on North Korea\u2019s aggressions. The uptick in North Korean missile tests since 2021 and China\u2019s <\/span>opposition<\/span><\/a> to U.N. Security Council meetings to discuss issues related to North Korea show that this might already be happening.<\/span><\/p>\n

The burgeoning missile threat from North Korea, possibly armed with nuclear warheads, presents an unambiguous danger to the U.S., South Korea and Japan. This underscores the urgency of bolstering defense and strategic alliances among these nations, especially if China\u2019s will to wield its influence over North Korea continues to diminish.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the wake of the Aug. 18 \u201cSpirit of Camp David\u201d joint declaration, the U.S., South Korea and Japan unveiled what they christened as a \u201cnew era of trilateral partnership.\u201d This agreement scales trilateral cooperation to new heights, but it also underscores a pronounced pivot in South Korea\u2019s foreign policy doctrine \u2014 primarily marked by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2202074,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,28],"class_list":["post-2202073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-defense-security","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nHow the Camp David summit underscores South Korea\u2019s stance on South China Sea - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/08\/how-the-camp-david-summit-underscores-south-koreas-stance-on-south-china-sea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How the Camp David summit underscores South Korea\u2019s stance on South China Sea - 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