{"id":2202027,"date":"2023-08-18T17:00:08","date_gmt":"2023-08-18T08:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2202027"},"modified":"2023-08-21T19:35:17","modified_gmt":"2023-08-21T10:35:17","slug":"reframing-south-koreas-history-yoons-dance-with-the-new-right","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/08\/reframing-south-koreas-history-yoons-dance-with-the-new-right\/","title":{"rendered":"Reframing South Korea\u2019s history: Yoon\u2019s dance with the New Right"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korea is embroiled in a profound debate over its contemporary history, driven significantly by scholars and politicians associated with the \u201c<\/span>New Right<\/span><\/a>\u201d movement. These influential conservative figures advocate for a more favorable view of the nation\u2019s authoritarian past and, following their ascension into positions of power, help directly shape the policies and rhetoric of the Yoon Suk-yeol administration.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historical debates aren\u2019t new territory for South Korea. Many <\/span>right-wing<\/span><\/a> leaders<\/span><\/a> worldwide aim to reframe their countries\u2019 past positively, leaning on nationalism for political leverage. In South Korea\u2019s case, international media often spotlights Korea\u2019s colonial history, scrutinizing its impact on the country\u2019s relations with Japan.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is precisely that <\/span>aspect of history<\/span><\/a> \u2014 the Yoon administration\u2019s <\/span>attempts to overcome<\/span><\/a> them and the Japanese government\u2019s somewhat tepid response to Yoon\u2019s outreach \u2014 that are at the heart of the <\/span>trilateral summit<\/span><\/a> at Camp David.<\/span><\/p>\n

But South Korea\u2019s domestic battles over its contemporary history are equally fierce and hold significant consequences for the health of the nation\u2019s democracy.<\/span><\/p>\n

THE NEW RIGHT\u2019S NARRATIVE<\/b><\/p>\n

Central to Korea\u2019s ongoing debate over history stands the New Right movement. This conservative academic and political wave emerged in the mid-2000s, primarily in response to a series of political setbacks.<\/span><\/p>\n

Back then, numerous organizations sprouted to bolster this movement. While many have since dissolved, the New Right\u2019s ideologies still resonate in Korean society. Media outlets consistently label scholars and politicians echoing these views as the movement\u2019s affiliates.<\/span><\/p>\n

Champions of the New Right contend that Japanese colonialism was pivotal in Korea\u2019s modernization. More importantly, they also advocate for a more favorable portrayal of <\/span>Syngman Rhee<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Park Chung-hee<\/span><\/a> \u2014 past authoritarian leaders held in high esteem by many conservative factions. For conservatives in post-democratization South Korea, reevaluating these past authoritarian figures is crucial.<\/span><\/p>\n

The prevailing perception of these leaders is one of a hindrance to Korea\u2019s democratization, suppressors of labor movements and enablers of economic inequality. However, the New Right counters this narrative. They assert that the Rhee and Park regimes\u2019 economic interventions and authoritarianism were instrumental in laying the groundwork for the thriving liberal democracy and robust capitalist economy that defines South Korea today.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Former South Korean presidents Syngman Rhee and Park Chung-hee | Image: Wikimedia<\/a> Commons<\/a>, Edited by Korea Pro<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

YOON\u2019S EVOLVING NARRATIVE<\/b><\/p>\n

When <\/span>Yoon visited Gwangju<\/span><\/a> shortly after his inauguration, flanked by an entourage of conservative lawmakers, there was speculation whether the ruling conservative party might embrace a fresh perspective on historical controversies, avoiding the pitfalls of using the past as a divisive political tool.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, more than a year later, Yoon\u2019s Gwangju visit seems less like a turning point and more of an outlier. Despite Yoon\u2019s initial efforts to bridge political divides in Gwangju, the Korean media spotlighted <\/span>several of his appointees<\/span><\/a> with ties to New Right organizations, including <\/span>Kim Tae-hyo<\/span><\/a>, the principal deputy national security advisor. Two subsequent appointments underscore the profound influence of this movement on the Yoon administration.<\/span><\/p>\n

First, Yoon appointed <\/span>Kim Kwang-dong<\/span><\/a> to head the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Dec. 2022. Notably, Kim had labeled the May 16, 1961 coup by Park Chung Hee as a \u201c<\/span>revolution<\/span><\/a>\u201d \u2014 echoing Park\u2019s justification for his power grab. At a National Assembly hearing earlier this year, Kim Kwang-dong lent credence to conspiracy theories suggesting <\/span>North Korean involvement<\/span><\/a> in the <\/span>Gwangju Democracy Movement<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Given his mandate to <\/span>unravel<\/span><\/a> the \u201ctruth about the anti-Japanese independence movement \u2026 atrocities during the Korean War [and] various human rights violations that occurred during Korea\u2019s authoritarian rule,\u201d Kim Kwang-dong\u2019s views of history are consequential.<\/span><\/p>\n

Second and more importantly, Yoon\u2019s appointment of <\/span>Kim Yung-ho<\/span><\/a> as the unification minister signals deeper roots. A typical figure in the New Right movement, Kim was a democracy activist and <\/span>translated Marxist philosophy<\/span><\/a> in the 1980s. But by the 2000s, he radically changed his views and <\/span>championed<\/span><\/a> the New Right cause. Of particular note, Kim participated in a textbook forum that sought to promote the movement\u2019s interpretations of history to young students.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u200b\u200bKim Yung-ho\u2019s past writings reveal the depth of the New Right\u2019s ideology within the Yoon administration\u2019s policies. Speaking at a 2005 event commemorating the founding of the New Right Think Net organization, Kim <\/span>argued<\/span><\/a> that the movement advocates liberal values that cherish individual freedoms. He emphasized reinforcing the U.S.-South Korea alliance based on the shared values of democracy and capitalism.<\/span><\/p>\n

Additionally, he advocated recognizing the de facto existence of North Korea as a separate state, encouraged engagement to uplift its circumstances before seeking reunification, differentiated the Kim regime from the North Korean populace and championed human rights for the latter.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

President Yoon Suk-yeol appoints Kim Young-ho as Minister of Unification, July 28, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

HISTORY, RHETORIC AND YOON\u2019S VISION FOR KOREA<\/b><\/p>\n

Championing shared values such as freedom, democracy, capitalism and a fortified U.S.-Korea alliance while holding North Korea to account for its human rights abuses have all become key aspects of the Yoon administration\u2019s foreign policy. However, a deeper examination of Yoon\u2019s <\/span>Liberation Day speech<\/span><\/a> hints at how much the New Right has permeated his administration\u2019s policy preferences and ideas about history.<\/span><\/p>\n

In his address, Yoon praised unnamed past leaders for their \u201cwise decision\u201d to \u201cbuild a liberal democracy\u201d in South Korea, attributing the nation\u2019s growth and prosperity to this choice. In stark contrast, he alluded to the \u201cforces of communist totalitarianism\u201d masking themselves as \u201cdemocracy activists, human rights advocates, or progressive activists.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s remarks were ambiguous enough to evade accusations of glorifying South Korea\u2019s past authoritarian rulers. He also took care not to label all democracy activists as communists. Nevertheless, he still drew a connection between present-day \u201canti-state forces\u201d and \u201ccommunist totalitarianism.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s narrative crafts an ongoing historical struggle: South Korea\u2019s conservatives, steadfast in their \u201cenduring conviction\u201d in freedom and democracy, versus the insidious communist forces seeking to \u201cdisrupt and attack our society.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This view deviates considerably from the accepted post-democratization narrative of the ROK\u2019s modern history. Nevertheless, such a narrative empowers the Yoon administration to label opposition to its policies as communist or part of a \u201c<\/span>special-interest cartel<\/span><\/a>\u201d that must be \u201cstamped out.\u201d This approach hasn\u2019t gone unnoticed, with <\/span>progressives<\/span><\/a> and even <\/span>some conservatives<\/span><\/a> decrying the illiberal undertones of Yoon\u2019s speech.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Yoon is not treading new ground here. His predecessors have employed similar rhetoric. Observers <\/span>noted with concern<\/span><\/a> when Moon Jae-in spoke of a need to \u201ceradicate deep-rooted evils\u201d during his presidency, fearing such language could exacerbate political divides and jeopardize South Korea\u2019s democracy.<\/span><\/p>\n

With this backdrop, Yoon\u2019s historical framing \u2014 painting a picture of \u201canti-state forces\u201d and \u201ccartels\u201d \u2014 equally warrants scrutiny and caution.<\/span><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korea is embroiled in a profound debate over its contemporary history, driven significantly by scholars and politicians associated with the \u201cNew Right\u201d movement. These influential conservative figures advocate for a more favorable view of the nation\u2019s authoritarian past and, following their ascension into positions of power, help directly shape the policies and rhetoric of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2202035,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[25,27],"class_list":["post-2202027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-culture-society","tag-domestic-politics"],"yoast_head":"\nReframing South Korea\u2019s history: Yoon\u2019s dance with the New Right - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/08\/reframing-south-koreas-history-yoons-dance-with-the-new-right\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reframing South Korea\u2019s history: Yoon\u2019s dance with the New Right - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korea is embroiled in a profound debate over its contemporary history, driven significantly by scholars and politicians associated with the \u201cNew Right\u201d movement. 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