{"id":2201776,"date":"2023-07-24T17:18:16","date_gmt":"2023-07-24T08:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2201776"},"modified":"2023-07-25T17:35:01","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T08:35:01","slug":"how-the-k-rice-belt-symbolizes-south-koreas-economic-aspirations-in-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/07\/how-the-k-rice-belt-symbolizes-south-koreas-economic-aspirations-in-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"How the K-Rice Belt symbolizes South Korea\u2019s economic aspirations in Africa"},"content":{"rendered":"

In a marked step toward strengthening Africa\u2019s agricultural capacity, South Korea\u2019s Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs launched the <\/span>K-Rice Belt project<\/span><\/a> on July 3. The initiative seeks to improve African rice production by sharing high-yield Korean rice seeds and advanced agricultural technology.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a <\/span>conference<\/span><\/a> in Seoul, ROK agriculture minister Chung Hwang-keun, representatives from the eight participating African nations and the deputy director of the African Development Bank announced the project\u2019s official inauguration. During the conference, Chung pledged sustained efforts to increase Africa\u2019s rice self-sufficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n

The participating representatives lauded the K-Rice Belt project\u2019s unique approach. Distinguishing itself from other food-aid schemes, the project focuses explicitly on augmenting Africa\u2019s rice production by transferring South Korea\u2019s technological prowess and experiences.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rice forms a critical component of the dietary regimen in numerous West and Central African nations. However, local production currently meets a mere <\/span>60%<\/span><\/a> of the demand. This shortfall is primarily due to infrastructural constraints, which hamper large-scale farming \u2014 from field irrigation to food processing.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s move to share its rice seeds and agricultural technology offers these countries a practical avenue to escalate their self-sufficiency and, by extension, food security. Over the next four years, the South Korean government plans to allocate $80 million toward this ambitious project, highlighting its commitment to transforming Africa\u2019s agricultural landscape.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOOD SECURITY<\/b><\/p>\n

As Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine \u2014 a significant grain exporter \u2014 threatens <\/span>long-term food security<\/span><\/a> in the region, South Korea\u2019s K-Rice Belt project emerges as a potential safeguard. This initiative, aimed at stimulating rice production in Africa, could effectively counter a critical vulnerability and bolster the continent\u2019s food security.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, South Korea\u2019s interest in Africa is not a recent development. Over the past decade, the ROK has been involved in bilateral agricultural projects spanning <\/span>23 different African nations<\/span><\/a>. These initiatives have covered various activities, from rice cultivation to chicken farming.<\/span><\/p>\n

Up until now, these diverse projects have functioned mainly in isolation. The K-Rice Belt project represents a significant departure from this pattern, indicating a more integrated approach to Korean agricultural development in Africa.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe K-Rice Belt project could potentially contribute to Africa\u2019s food chain system as a long-term goal,\u201d Kang Mun-su, an expert on African agro-food policies at the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP), told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIf the first part of this initiative focuses on production, refining the processes from harvest to processing and selling could be the ultimate goal.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

However, not everyone is entirely optimistic about the project\u2019s prospective impact. Yu Chong-ae, a historian specializing in international development and agri-food policy at the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), urged caution: \u201cWho will ultimately benefit from this project?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean agriculture minister Chung Hwang-keun meets with the members of Ghana\u2019s parliament, <\/span>June 28, 2023 | Image: ROK Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

SUSTAINABILITY<\/b><\/p>\n

The K-Rice Belt project could see a potential risk of alienating small farmers if the focus shifts predominantly toward satisfying large urban populations, according to Yu. The project may favor large landowners capable of producing on a mass scale. \u201cThe risk lies in the possibility that smaller farmers could be marginalized, lose competitiveness and ultimately see their income decline,\u201d Yu told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kang Mun-su from KIEP shares this concern. He emphasizes the need to include local farms and processors to truly localize rice production. \u201cWhile the Korean government may spearhead the K-Rice Belt project at the initial stage, it\u2019s uncertain whether it can provide permanent support,\u201d Kang told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The project poses significant challenges, particularly concerning sustainability. Kang stressed the need to empower skilled technicians to repair and maintain tools and machines.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFollowing the donation of equipment from foreign countries, African nations often face difficulties with repairs. The sustainability of machinery and tools\u2019 management depends on the repair capacity of each country,\u201d Kang added. Once the infrastructure is established, it\u2019s vital that the countries can self-sustain it without external aid.<\/span><\/p>\n

Environmental impact is another area of concern. Yu Chong-ae, the historian from KOICA, pointed out the degradation of African soils due to over-farming.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLong-term sustainable agriculture must be a key consideration,\u201d Yu told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moreover, Yu raises specific concerns about introducing the Tongil rice variety, developed in South Korea in 1972.<\/span><\/p>\n

NEW VARIETIES<\/b><\/p>\n

While the Tongil variety did produce higher yields, it was poorly suited to the Korean environment. Its susceptibility to disease and unfavorable weather conditions eventually led to its disuse.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAfrica already has its own rice varieties which, albeit lower yielding, are well adapted to the region\u2019s conditions,\u201d Yu told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. While South Korea\u2019s Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs asserts that the Tongil variety suits the African climate, it declined to elaborate further.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe\u2019ve designed new varieties by crossbreeding Korean species for yield and African species for adaptation to the local climate,\u201d Lee Keun-pyo, who is in charge of developing new rice varieties at the Korea-Africa Food Agriculture Cooperation Initiative \u2014 a government-backed agricultural cooperation organization \u2014 told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. These new rice varieties purportedly yield two to three times more than African varieties.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Lee admits these novel varieties have yet to demonstrate their resilience against diseases and pests. Despite this, he remains optimistic about the potential for successful adaptation, citing encouraging initial field results.<\/span><\/p>\n

While it\u2019s too early to fully verify the experts\u2019 concerns, the possibility of sustainably augmenting rice production offers significant potential for some nations.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mamoudou Nagnalen Barry, a senior agricultural official in Guinea, expressed <\/span>optimism<\/span><\/a> about the initiative. He hopes it will elevate his country to become the second-largest rice producer in Africa and enable it to export rice to other countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean agriculture minister Chung Hwang-keun<\/span> meets with Guinea-Bissau’s President Umaro Sissoco Embalo, June 30, 2023 | Image: ROK Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

ECONOMIC TIES<\/b><\/p>\n

Beyond food security, the K-Rice Belt project also promises wider economic opportunities. It could pave the way for the ROK to enter into Economic Partnership Agreements with African nations, fostering mutually advantageous trade networks.<\/span><\/p>\n

These collaborations could span diverse domains, including supply chain management, climate change response and healthcare. This aligns with the Yoon administration\u2019s vision of <\/span>strengthening<\/span><\/a> international ties in Southeast Asia and Africa.<\/span><\/p>\n

The launch of the <\/span>African Continental Free Trade Area<\/span><\/a> in 2018, the world\u2019s largest free trade area by participating countries, offers substantial trade opportunities. By aiding African nations through the K-Rice Belt project, South Korea addresses food security issues and lays the foundation for broader cooperation and more robust economic ties.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOnce the K-Rice Belt project demonstrates tangible benefits, such as improved productivity in African nations, agriculture-related companies might see an opportunity to enter the African market,\u201d Kang Mun-su of KIEP told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite these opportunities, the African market is highly competitive. \u201cIt\u2019s important to recognize the competition among companies from different countries. For instance, even if we consider only Asian countries, agricultural firms from China, India and Japan have already made inroads into the African market,\u201d Kang added.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, South Korea seems undeterred by these challenges. Confidence is high in the K-Rice Belt initiative\u2019s potential, both in the short and long term. \u201cIf the project yields satisfactory results, it could be further expanded, as more African countries have expressed interest in participating,\u201d a Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs official told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In a marked step toward strengthening Africa\u2019s agricultural capacity, South Korea\u2019s Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs launched the K-Rice Belt project on July 3. The initiative seeks to improve African rice production by sharing high-yield Korean rice seeds and advanced agricultural technology. 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