{"id":2201741,"date":"2023-07-19T17:30:21","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T08:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2201741"},"modified":"2023-07-20T19:22:06","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T10:22:06","slug":"recent-infanticide-cases-expose-challenges-single-mothers-face-in-south-korea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/07\/recent-infanticide-cases-expose-challenges-single-mothers-face-in-south-korea\/","title":{"rendered":"Recent infanticide cases expose challenges single mothers face in South Korea"},"content":{"rendered":"

In South Korea, a troubling trend of infant mortality, dubbed \u201cghost baby\u201d cases, has gripped the nation. Recent arrests highlight an unsettling issue that has prompted a nationwide investigation and sparked calls for stricter legislative measures.<\/span><\/p>\n

In early July, law enforcement detained a woman in her 40s who allegedly buried her infant daughter alive in 2016. The child was scarcely a week old at the time. The mother <\/span>stated<\/span><\/a> the pregnancy had been unwanted.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>separate incident<\/span><\/a> in June led to the arrest of another woman accused of strangling her newborn children \u2014 a girl and a boy born in 2018 and 2019, respectively \u2014 and storing their bodies in a freezer for years.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since late June, the state audit agency has begun <\/span>probing<\/span><\/a> over 2,200 of these \u201cghost baby\u201d cases recorded since 2015. These cases center on hospital-logged births, yet corresponding birth registrations were not filed by the parents with local authorities.<\/span><\/p>\n

Under the current legal framework, only parents can register births. Failure to do so incurs a fine. However, the penalty is nominal at approximately $38 (<\/span>50,000 won<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n

The sheer brutality of these incidents has sparked a nationwide outcry, leading to a <\/span>demand<\/span><\/a> for amendments to the current birth registration system and harsher penalties for infanticide.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response, the National Assembly passed a <\/span>bill<\/span><\/a> requiring maternity hospitals to inform local governments of all births within two weeks, even if the parents fail to do so. This revised birth registration system will come into effect one year after promulgation. Moreover, on July 13, a bill <\/span>proposing higher penalties<\/span><\/a> for infant abandonment garnered bipartisan support during a preliminary review by the National Assembly\u2019s legislation committee in mid-July.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, some experts worry that these proposed measures focus excessively on punitive actions while neglecting the underlying causes. Recent <\/span>data<\/span><\/a> indicates that nearly 80% of the perpetrators in infant homicide cases are women in their teens and twenties grappling with unwanted pregnancies. Many <\/span>cite<\/span><\/a> economic hardship, societal stigma against single mothers and the fear of familial discovery as reasons for their decisions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

A pro-choice advocacy group protesting South Korea\u2019<\/span>s abortion law in Seoul, Nov. 27, 2020 | Image: Safe Abortion via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

LEGAL LIMBO<\/b><\/p>\n

Access to safe and legal abortion services in South Korea remains a contentious issue, with recent cases of infant mortality drawing renewed attention to the country\u2019s <\/span>fraught legal landscape<\/span><\/a>. Young women, finding themselves in desperate situations, often resort to illicit and unsafe means to terminate unwanted pregnancies, underscoring a critical healthcare problem.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s Constitutional Court deemed the criminalization of abortion unconstitutional in April 2019. However, the National Assembly has failed to amend the laws accordingly. The government\u2019s <\/span>proposal<\/span><\/a> in 2020 to legally permit abortion up to 14 weeks of pregnancy has been mired in legislative gridlock, with deep-seated divisions among religious communities, medical professionals and legislators stymieing progress.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the absence of clear regulations, a limited number of hospitals offer abortion services, often at prohibitive costs. As the procedure falls outside the purview of health insurance coverage, economically disadvantaged young women frequently face an insurmountable financial barrier.<\/span><\/p>\n

This gap in affordable, accessible care has led to an alarming trend: the proliferation of illegally procured cheap <\/span>abortion pills<\/span><\/a>. Mifegyne, or mifepristone, a drug used for medical abortions during the initial 10 weeks of pregnancy and early miscarriage management, is increasingly in demand. However, its misuse beyond the prescribed timeframe can result in <\/span>severe side effects<\/span><\/a>, including excessive bleeding and, in rare instances, the need for uterine extraction.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to 2019 <\/span>data<\/span><\/a> from the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, nearly 10% of abortion cases involved the use of these illegally obtained drugs, with a staggering 71% resulting in complications requiring surgical intervention.<\/span><\/p>\n

These findings are particularly concerning given the drugs\u2019 easy accessibility online. A simple search for \u201cMifegyne\u201d yields numerous promotional posts, with sellers falsely advertising its efficacy beyond the safe consumption period and quick postal delivery.<\/span><\/p>\n

In May 2020, a group was <\/span>apprehended<\/span><\/a> for selling counterfeit Chinese abortion pills. That year, a woman 31 weeks into her pregnancy <\/span>gave birth prematurely<\/span><\/a> at home after consuming the counterfeit drug and subsequently committed infanticide.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bureaucratic hurdles have stifled efforts to introduce safer abortion alternatives. Hyundai Pharmaceutical <\/span>applied<\/span><\/a> to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in early 2021 to authorize the sale of an abortion pill. However, this procedure has languished for <\/span>nearly two years<\/span><\/a> due to purported insufficient safety data.<\/span><\/p>\n

Civic groups have criticized the government\u2019s drawn-out review process, accusing it of infringing women\u2019s reproductive rights and jeopardizing their health, particularly since Mifegyne is listed as an essential medication for women by the World Health Organization and approved for commercial use in over 70 countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hyundai Pharmaceutical <\/span>withdrew its application<\/span><\/a> in Dec. 2022, casting further doubt on the availability of safe abortions in the country.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

The first baby box in South Korea, located in northern Seoul, May 8, 2019\u00a0 | Image: The Babybox Korea via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

BABY BOXES<\/b><\/p>\n

The scarcity of accessible abortion services in South Korea \u2014 surgical and medicinal \u2014 has often left young women with few choices but to <\/span>carry unwanted pregnancies to term<\/span><\/a>. Restrictive adoption laws further complicate this complex issue.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>legal amendment in 2012<\/span><\/a> mandates birth mothers to register their children under their names before placing them up for adoption. This legal requirement and societal stigma have rendered official adoption channels virtually inaccessible for many single mothers seeking to hide their pregnancies. As a result, some women resort to <\/span>clandestine online brokers<\/span><\/a> to facilitate adoptions, a risky and unregulated process.<\/span><\/p>\n

For some, the last refuge has been <\/span>baby boxes<\/span><\/a> \u2014 anonymous havens provided by <\/span>religious organizations<\/span><\/a> where mothers can safely abandon their newborns. Despite their humanitarian intent, abandoning a child in a baby box is technically a criminal offense in South Korea. Between 2013 and 2023, <\/span>16 such cases<\/span><\/a> were brought before the courts, with only one instance where the mother was acquitted; the remaining cases resulted in convictions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Critics argue that the illegal status of baby boxes may inadvertently place vulnerable mothers and their newborns in even more precarious circumstances, potentially escalating the risk of infant deaths.<\/span><\/p>\n

MOUNTING CALLS FOR MATERNITY SUPPORT<\/b><\/p>\n

However, recent changes to South Korea\u2019s birth notification system have sparked concerns over potential unintended consequences. Critics <\/span>warn<\/span><\/a> that requiring medical professionals to report and register all births without ensuring the anonymity of the mothers could inadvertently lead to a rise in risky out-of-hospital deliveries, thus heightening the risk of infant abandonment and infanticide, as well as complications for mothers.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response to these concerns, the National Assembly is <\/span>mulling over a bill<\/span><\/a> to permit women to give birth anonymously in hospitals while still availing essential medical and social services.<\/span><\/p>\n

On July 7, the Ministry of Health and Welfare completed its preliminary investigation into more than 2,000 unregistered births involving Korean mothers. The investigation\u2019s findings have highlighted these women\u2019s challenges, underscoring the societal stigmatization of single motherhood, the inadequacy of maternity support and the liminal legal status of abortion laws that compound these issues.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a related development, on July 12, the government announced plans to launch a new investigation. This probe <\/span>aims<\/span><\/a> to uncover the circumstances surrounding approximately 4,000 babies born to foreign mothers between 2015 and 2022 whose births were unregistered.<\/span><\/p>\n

The results of this forthcoming investigation are eagerly awaited, with observers keenly watching for its potential implications on legislation and societal attitudes toward motherhood, maternity support and reproductive rights in South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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