{"id":2201674,"date":"2023-07-12T19:22:54","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T10:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2201674"},"modified":"2023-07-13T18:43:34","modified_gmt":"2023-07-13T09:43:34","slug":"why-south-koreas-outreach-to-nato-could-pose-problems-at-home","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/07\/why-south-koreas-outreach-to-nato-could-pose-problems-at-home\/","title":{"rendered":"Why South Korea\u2019s outreach to NATO could pose problems at home"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol is making his <\/span>second appearance<\/span><\/a> at a NATO summit this week \u2014 this time in Vilnius, Lithuania. With an ambitious agenda of seven bilateral meetings on the first day alone, Yoon\u2019s attendance presents both opportunities and potential challenges for South Korea on the international and domestic fronts.<\/span><\/p>\n

The primary objective of these meetings is to expand South Korea\u2019s export market. This diplomatic initiative could significantly bolster the ROK\u2019s advanced industrial sectors, such as semiconductors. Strategic dialogues with leaders of Western countries, including the Netherlands and Poland, could lead to strengthened partnerships, increased international influence and economic growth.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, these engagements also come with risks. Expanding ties with NATO member countries could further strain Seoul\u2019s relations with Beijing and Moscow. This is particularly relevant given NATO\u2019s recent <\/span>communique<\/span><\/a>, which asserts that China\u2019s \u201cambitions and coercive policies\u201d challenge the bloc\u2019s interests, security and values.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response, the Chinese mission to the European Union (EU) has <\/span>expressed<\/span><\/a> strong opposition to NATO\u2019s perceived \u201ceastward movement into the Asia-Pacific region,\u201d warning that any action threatening Beijing\u2019s rights would be met with a firm response. It\u2019s worth noting that NATO\u2019s communique made no explicit mention of Taiwan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Domestically, Yoon\u2019s outreach to NATO, part of his \u201c<\/span>values-based diplomacy<\/span><\/a>\u201d that has controversially included seeking rapprochement with Japan could face resistance. His overarching foreign policy vision lacks broad political support, and it risks politicizing South Korea’s alignment with the West. This could be particularly contentious among <\/span>domestic<\/span><\/a> stakeholders<\/span><\/a> with vested interests in maintaining strong economic and diplomatic ties with China and Russia.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol at the NATO summit in Lithuania on July 12, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

NEW AGENDA<\/b><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s <\/span>first appearance<\/span><\/a> at a NATO summit last year was largely overshadowed by Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine. However, at this year\u2019s summit, the focus for Yoon is decidedly different. His objective is to foster comprehensive partnerships and achieve tangible outcomes from joint initiatives with NATO member countries. These collaborative ventures primarily encompass three domains: economy, security and technology.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon officially embarked on his diplomatic expedition by signing the Individual Tailored Partnership Program with NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg. This pact has amplified South Korea\u2019s collaboration with the NATO bloc, extending it across 11 areas such as counterterrorism, nonproliferation, emerging technologies and cyber defense.<\/span><\/p>\n

Following this, Yoon moved on to a series of summit meetings with NATO members, notably including Norway, Portugal, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Hungary, Romania and Sweden.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s diplomatic strategy has placed substantial emphasis on the advanced industrial sector, with semiconductors at the forefront. This was especially apparent during discussions with the Netherlands, which recently upgraded its partnership with South Korea to a <\/span>strategic partnership<\/span><\/a>. The two countries <\/span>focused<\/span><\/a> on intensifying their mutual cooperation in the semiconductor sector to stabilize the global chip supply chain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Discussions centered around promoting semiconductor cooperation, including <\/span>investment<\/span><\/a> from ASML, a leading Dutch photolithography device company, in Gyeonggi Province \u2014 South Korea\u2019s emerging semiconductor hub.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban meet on the sidelines of the NATO summit in Lithuania, July 12, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

ENERGY AND WEAPONS<\/b><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s diplomatic overtures to NATO extended to dialogues with Eastern European nations, specifically Hungary and Romania. These countries are wrestling with challenges to their national defense and energy security in the aftermath of Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s <\/span>meeting<\/span><\/a> with Hungary\u2019s Prime Minister Viktor Orban mainly revolved around South Korea\u2019s <\/span>plans<\/span><\/a> to build a cathode manufacturing facility in Hungary and its aspirations for defense cooperation. But Yoon also proposed broadening bilateral cooperation in the nuclear power sector, specifically in the field of small modular reactors.<\/span><\/p>\n

This proposition holds particular significance for Hungary, a country that relies on nuclear energy for <\/span>over 40%<\/span><\/a> of its power production. Budapest has declared its intention to proceed with <\/span>plans<\/span><\/a> for two Russian-financed and constructed nuclear reactors at its Paks power plant, marking the <\/span>largest foreign investment<\/span><\/a> in Hungary\u2019s history. However, the EU\u2019s range of sanctions against Russia places the feasibility of this project in serious doubt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hungary\u2019s plans align with Yoon\u2019s <\/span>pledge<\/span><\/a> to export 10 nuclear power plants by 2030. Yoon\u2019s calls for Budapest\u2019s cooperation on South Korea\u2019s participation in its nuclear power project could, therefore, serve the interests of both countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Another highlight of the summit was Yoon\u2019s meeting with Romanian President Klaus Werner Iohannis. This meeting comes on the heels of Bucharest\u2019s recent <\/span>selection<\/span><\/a> of South Korea\u2019s Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Company to install a $225 million tritium removal facility at the Cernavoda nuclear power plant.<\/span><\/p>\n

Romania also inked memorandums of understanding with <\/span>Hanwha Aerospace<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>LIG Nex1<\/span><\/a> earlier this year. The agreements focus on the ROK exporting K9 self-propelled howitzers, Redback infantry fighting vehicles and portable short-range anti-aircraft missiles to Romania.<\/span><\/p>\n

Before Romania\u2019s <\/span>announcement<\/span><\/a> that it would train Ukrainian pilots to operate <\/span>U.S-made F-16 fighter jets<\/span><\/a> starting in August, the country had been modernizing its arsenal, including plans to acquire U.S. <\/span>Abrams tanks<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>F-35 fighter jets<\/span><\/a>. Given this, Romania could emerge as a promising market for South Korea\u2019s defense exports.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol participates in the NATO summit in Lithuania on July 12, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

DEVIL IN THE DETAILS<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s efforts to expand its diplomatic, defense and economic ties with NATO member countries come with inherent international and domestic risks.<\/span><\/p>\n

One such risk is the possibility of further strained ties with China and Russia. Both nations have been vocal in their opposition to NATO\u2019s policies, and Seoul\u2019s decision to further strengthen ties with NATO could lead to diplomatic tensions and possible economic consequences.<\/span><\/p>\n

China, a critical trade partner for South Korea, is wary of NATO\u2019s <\/span>growing<\/span><\/a> involvement<\/span><\/a> in the Indo-Pacific, and it could react negatively to cooperation between the ROK and NATO. Any <\/span>further strain<\/span><\/a> in their bilateral relations could impact South Korea\u2019s economic health negatively.<\/span><\/p>\n

Moreover, the move could inflame military tensions in the region. Recent incidents where South Korea and Japan have had to <\/span>scramble jets<\/span><\/a> in response to joint air patrols by China and Russia suggest that amplifying South Korea\u2019s defense ties with NATO could trigger additional military confrontations.<\/span><\/p>\n

On the domestic front, backlash from South Korean opposition parties and civic groups against an alignment with NATO could undermine the Yoon administration\u2019s foreign policy initiatives.<\/span><\/p>\n

Main opposition Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung <\/span>expressed<\/span><\/a> his position, stating, \u201cThe most worrisome aspect is the fact that relations with China and Russia, which can be said to be the key pillars of peace and regional stability on the Korean Peninsula, are rapidly deteriorating.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The degree of domestic opposition could be shaped by how severely Moscow and Beijing respond to South Korea\u2019s overtures to NATO member countries. Domestic opposition could center on South Korea\u2019s increased participation in international military alliances, fears of <\/span>escalated regional tensions<\/span><\/a> and objections to aligning more closely with Western powers at the expense of relations with neighboring countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Deteriorating relations with China and Russia could result in <\/span>trade disruptions<\/span><\/a> that adversely affect the South Korean economy. With both nations being significant trading partners, the economic fallout would be considerable.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although extending ties with NATO may offer strategic advantages to South Korea, it also exposes the country to substantial risks. Given weak domestic support for Yoon\u2019s foreign policy agenda and his <\/span>overall unpopularity<\/span><\/a>, the extent of Seoul\u2019s preparedness for potential repercussions remains uncertain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by Alannah Hill<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol is making his second appearance at a NATO summit this week \u2014 this time in Vilnius, Lithuania. With an ambitious agenda of seven bilateral meetings on the first day alone, Yoon\u2019s attendance presents both opportunities and potential challenges for South Korea on the international and domestic fronts. The primary objective […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10207,"featured_media":2201676,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,26,28],"class_list":["post-2201674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-defense-security","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy South Korea\u2019s outreach to NATO could pose problems at home - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/07\/why-south-koreas-outreach-to-nato-could-pose-problems-at-home\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why South Korea\u2019s outreach to NATO could pose problems at home - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol is making his second appearance at a NATO summit this week \u2014 this time in Vilnius, Lithuania. 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