{"id":2201624,"date":"2023-07-07T17:47:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-07T08:47:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2201624"},"modified":"2023-07-10T17:46:26","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T08:46:26","slug":"how-south-koreas-burgeoning-arms-industry-shakes-up-nato-dynamics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/07\/how-south-koreas-burgeoning-arms-industry-shakes-up-nato-dynamics\/","title":{"rendered":"How South Korea\u2019s burgeoning arms industry shakes up NATO dynamics"},"content":{"rendered":"

At last year\u2019s North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Summit in <\/span>Madrid<\/span><\/a>, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol was a novice on the international stage. Fresh from his electoral victory, his political and foreign policy experience was minimal and his rapport with fellow leaders was virtually non-existent.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon was the first ROK president to participate in a NATO Summit, an inclusion that sparked <\/span>curiosity<\/span><\/a> among international observers questioning the presence of non-NATO leaders at the meeting.<\/span><\/p>\n

A year later, the atmosphere is quite different as he prepares for his second NATO Summit, slated to occur early next week in Vilnius, Lithuania. Yoon is no longer an outsider; instead, he is expected to receive a <\/span>warm reception<\/span><\/a> from his fellow heads of state.<\/span><\/p>\n

Against the backdrop of this diplomatic gathering is the persistent crisis in Ukraine, where Russia\u2019s invasion is well into its second year. NATO remains steadfast in its support for Ukraine, a reality that has considerably influenced the alliance\u2019s interactions and strategies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul\u2019s <\/span>initial response<\/span><\/a> to Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine was perceived as lackluster, which put Yoon under intense scrutiny during last year\u2019s summit in Madrid. The alliance <\/span>hoped<\/span><\/a> he would provide explicit military support for Ukraine, a move he hesitated to make. He <\/span>cited<\/span><\/a> South Korea\u2019s laws prohibiting arming countries where weapons will be used for anything other than \u201cpeaceful purposes\u201d unless such arms shipments receive National Assembly approval.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, South Korea\u2019s hesitance in the past seems to have been eclipsed by its <\/span>recent ascent<\/span><\/a> as a key exporter of military hardware. This development has occurred at near-perfect timing, subtly shifting the narrative about the country\u2019s role and influence within NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

BURGEONING ARMS INDUSTRY<\/b><\/p>\n

Over the past two decades, the ROK has experienced a remarkable ascension in the global defense sector. Its market share in defense exports has been on a steady upward trajectory and, from 2016 to 2021, witnessed an impressive doubling of its global market share to <\/span>2.8%<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

This trend gained considerable momentum in 2022, when ROK defense exports experienced another <\/span>surge<\/span><\/a>, jumping from $7.25 billion in the previous year to an estimated $17 billion. The considerable increase positioned South Korea as the eighth-largest weapons exporter globally, a status that Yoon aims to leverage. He has set an ambitious target of making the ROK the <\/span>fourth-largest weapons exporter by 2027<\/span><\/a>, a rank currently held by China and preceded by the U.S., Russia, and France.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s emergence is notable in an industry traditionally dominated by <\/span>Western suppliers<\/span><\/a>. Between 2017 and 2021, North American and European countries accounted for 87% of global weapons exports.<\/span><\/p>\n

The ROK\u2019s burgeoning reputation extends beyond quantity. The country has become known for producing high-quality, state-of-the-art military equipment at competitive prices and unparalleled delivery speeds. A testament to this was when South Korea <\/span>delivered<\/span><\/a> the first batch of the 1,000 contracted K2 Black Panther tanks to Poland in Dec. 2022, a mere six months after placing the order.<\/span><\/p>\n

These tanks, howitzers and FA-50 fighters, though not intended for direct use in Ukraine, play an important strategic role. They allow Poland to allocate more of its Soviet-era weapons to Ukraine, significantly altering the military balance in Eastern Europe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, the ROK has been <\/span>exporting ammunition<\/span><\/a> to the U.S., which has helped free up American resources for Ukraine. The country also seeks to expand its market to other NATO members and partners, including Turkey, Norway and Finland.<\/span><\/p>\n

At a time when NATO is <\/span>struggling<\/span><\/a> to keep up with Ukraine\u2019s demand for equipment, South Korea\u2019s ability to supply quality weaponry swiftly and efficiently represents a significant contribution to the alliance\u2019s efforts.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean Defense Minister Lee Jong-sup meets with Polish Defense Minister Mariusz Blaszczak in Warsaw, Feb. 24, 2023 | Image: ROK Ministry of National Defense via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

GROWING GLOBAL PROFILE<\/b><\/p>\n

The ROK\u2019s successful demonstration of its capabilities in the defense market, particularly within Europe, will enhance the country\u2019s reputation in other key markets, such as the <\/span>Middle East<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Southeast Asia<\/span><\/a>, paving the way for an expansion of its defense sales.<\/span><\/p>\n

Concurrently, NATO has reached out to the Indo-Pacific region while intensifying its concerns about China. The organization\u2019s 2022 Strategic Concept was explicit in its <\/span>warning<\/span><\/a> that China\u2019s \u201cstated ambitions and coercive policies\u201d pose challenges to its global interests, security and shared values.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea has responded positively to NATO\u2019s outreach efforts. Last November, the ROK agreed to <\/span>establish<\/span><\/a> a diplomatic mission to NATO, followed by Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg\u2019s <\/span>visit<\/span><\/a> to Seoul in January.<\/span><\/p>\n

While in Vilnius, Yoon will likely highlight the overlap between NATO\u2019s strategy and his success in delivering his global pivotal state vision. Over the last year, his administration has unveiled an <\/span>Indo-Pacific Strategy<\/span><\/a> focused on global issues, fortified relations with the U.S., initiated a rapprochement with Japan and adopted a <\/span>firmer public stance on Taiwan<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite initial wariness from Japan and public misgivings in both countries, South Korea and Japan have worked toward <\/span>restoring their bilateral relationship<\/span><\/a> and bolstering <\/span>trilateral cooperation<\/span><\/a> with the U.S. The political risks undertaken by Yoon to improve ties with Tokyo and adopt a tougher stance on China are expected to be acknowledged and appreciated in Vilnius. Both approaches have already been well received by the U.S., as evidenced during Yoon\u2019s <\/span>visit<\/span><\/a> to Washington in April.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s participation in the NATO Summit aligns with his Indo-Pacific strategy. Engaging with NATO members bolsters NATO\u2019s interest in the region and enhances South Korea\u2019s global profile, particularly among its Western allies.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon is also expected to join a leaders\u2019 meeting of the \u201cAsia-Pacific 4\u201d (AP4), referred to as the Indo-Pacific partners by NATO. <\/span>Initially held<\/span><\/a> in Madrid, this informal dialogue includes regional NATO partners \u2014 South Korea, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.<\/span><\/p>\n

The participants emphasize that this emergent group is not about NATO expanding into the Indo-Pacific. Instead, all four nations view it as an effective means to <\/span>discuss regional issues<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since its inauguration in Madrid, the group has convened intermittently at the vice-ministerial level. Unlike Japan and Australia, South Korea is not part of other minilateral groups such as AUKUS or Quad, akin to New Zealand. As a result, it appears to be more open to deepening the concept further, perhaps by <\/span>regularizing meetings<\/span><\/a> at the ministerial or vice-ministerial level.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Chinese and Russian leaders Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin meet in Moscow, March 21, 2023 | Image: Russian Presidential Executive Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

A DANGEROUS GAME<\/b><\/p>\n

Despite a host of positive developments for the ROK, challenges persist, particularly in relations with China and Russia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s tough line on China reflects South Korean public sentiment. Currently, the South Korean populace exhibits one of the highest levels of <\/span>unfavorable sentiment<\/span><\/a> toward China worldwide, which is more pronounced among the younger generation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon appears to have increasingly <\/span>relinquished any hope<\/span><\/a> of China contributing positively to the Korean Peninsula\u2019s security. Or at least he seems ready to challenge China\u2019s posturing on the issue. However, it\u2019s vital for Korea to tread this path cautiously.<\/span><\/p>\n

China reacted cautiously to Yoon\u2019s government initially. However, recent months have witnessed a notable <\/span>escalation in Chinese criticism<\/span><\/a>, alongside an overt warning to South Korea against being drawn into the U.S. camp.<\/span><\/p>\n

China\u2019s primary bone of contention isn\u2019t South Korea\u2019s involvement with NATO, improved ties with Japan, or even the confirmation of Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) operations \u2014 although these are not insignificant. The foremost issue seems to be Taiwan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon and U.S. President Joe Biden\u2019s <\/span>joint statement<\/span><\/a> in April opposing \u201cany unilateral attempts to change the status quo in the Indo-Pacific\u201d marked a significant step forward compared to previous Korean pronouncements on the issue.<\/span><\/p>\n

China is also wary of recent Western diplomatic endeavors in the region, including the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF), Quad, AUKUS, enhanced G7 meetings, the NATO Summit and AP4. China is increasingly concerned that these activities might be aimed at forming an anti-China coalition.<\/span><\/p>\n

With the U.N. Security Council gridlocked, primarily due to China and Russia\u2019s frequent use of their <\/span>veto powers<\/span><\/a>, nations are turning to alternative forums to discuss security matters. The recent <\/span>virtual Summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization<\/span><\/a>, attended by the leaders of China, Russia, India and Iran, is a case in point.<\/span><\/p>\n

NATO\u2019s summit meetings also serve a similar purpose. However, they have elicited concern from China, which last year decried the trans-Atlantic security alliance extending \u201c<\/span>its tentacles to the Asia-Pacific<\/span><\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

NATO and its Indo-Pacific partners maintain that their cooperation is more about information sharing and collaboration than deploying military resources. However, the ROK\u2019s success in driving weapons sales to NATO members might complicate Yoon\u2019s efforts to explain this distinction to neighboring nations.<\/span><\/p>\n

As the NATO Summit approaches, if China perceives South Korean participation as a move toward establishing an anti-China coalition in the Indo-Pacific, Yoon should brace for a potentially severe backlash from Beijing.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

At last year\u2019s North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Summit in Madrid, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol was a novice on the international stage. Fresh from his electoral victory, his political and foreign policy experience was minimal and his rapport with fellow leaders was virtually non-existent. Yoon was the first ROK president to participate in a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2201626,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,28],"yoast_head":"\nHow South Korea\u2019s burgeoning arms industry shakes up NATO dynamics - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/07\/how-south-koreas-burgeoning-arms-industry-shakes-up-nato-dynamics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How South Korea\u2019s burgeoning arms industry shakes up NATO dynamics - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"At last year\u2019s North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Summit in Madrid, South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol was a novice on the international stage. 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