{"id":2201451,"date":"2023-06-22T19:11:05","date_gmt":"2023-06-22T10:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2201451"},"modified":"2023-06-23T16:22:14","modified_gmt":"2023-06-23T07:22:14","slug":"why-france-korea-ties-remain-underdeveloped-despite-push-to-boost-cooperation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/why-france-korea-ties-remain-underdeveloped-despite-push-to-boost-cooperation\/","title":{"rendered":"Why France-Korea ties remain underdeveloped despite push to boost cooperation"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol spent three days in Paris this week, meeting with his French counterpart Emmanuel Macron to discuss <\/span>pressing economic and strategic issues<\/span><\/a> for both nations, as well as their mutual concerns over North Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

The ROK leader embarked on a diplomatic charm offensive to rally support for Busan\u2019s bid to host the 2030 World Expo, and in advance of his visit, the first by a South Korean president since 2018, Yoon penned an <\/span>op-ed<\/span><\/a> for <\/span>Le Figaro<\/span><\/i> newspaper to advocate for stronger bilateral partnerships between France and South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

There is, indeed, untapped potential to improve bilateral relations, particularly when it comes to economic cooperation. But while Seoul and Paris may be keen to boost their partnership, the success of their efforts will depend in large part on buy-in from the business and cultural circles.<\/span><\/p>\n

INDO-PACIFIC STRATEGIES<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s growing reputation as a global nexus for innovation and <\/span>cutting-edge technology<\/span><\/a>\u00a0may have placed it higher on the Elysee presidential palace\u2019s foreign relations priority list, and the two countries have more in common than a first glance might suggest.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere is potential for partnerships that have never really been exploited, either by France or South Korea,\u201d Antoine Bondaz, a researcher at France\u2019s Foundation for Strategic Research, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>, assessing that France has historically overlooked Seoul in favor of relations with Japan or China.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite this, there are striking commonalities between the Indo-Pacific strategies of <\/span>France<\/span><\/a> and the <\/span>ROK<\/span><\/a>, published in 2021 and 2022, respectively. These include their approach toward Beijing and concerted efforts to forge deeper ties with other regional nations.<\/span><\/p>\n

The French Indo-Pacific strategy points out that China is a significant trading partner and that its trade with the Indo-Pacific region has grown by 49% in the past 10 years, compared to 27% on average globally.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

On the other hand, the ROK Indo-Pacific strategy asserts that Seoul seeks to expand its cooperation with China and Japan because the three countries together account for 20% of the world\u2019s population and 25% of the global GDP.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Paris will likely need to clarify its messaging around its foreign policy approach in Asia, particularly following <\/span>statements<\/span><\/a> made by Macron after his visit to China in April. During an interview, Macron asserted that Europe must avoid being drawn into any conflict between the U.S. and China over Taiwan, which he described as \u201ccrises that are not ours.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Macron\u2019s remarks contrasted sharply with Yoon\u2019s <\/span>comments<\/span><\/a> just days later when he said, \u201cThe Taiwan issue is not simply an issue between China and Taiwan but, like the issue of North Korea, it is a global issue.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, Paris and Seoul align on their fundamental attitudes toward Beijing.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNeither country seeks confrontation with China. Although they are close to the U.S., France and South Korea aim to establish a constructive relationship with China while maintaining the ability to voice criticism of both major powers when necessary,\u201d Bondaz said.<\/span><\/p>\n

As for North Korea, Macron and Yoon approached the issue from a humanitarian perspective. Within the E.U., France takes an assertive stance toward Pyongyang, particularly concerning sanctions, which also aligns with Seoul\u2019s hardline stance toward the DPRK. As one of the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, France is a valuable partner for the ROK.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Seoul will likely temper its expectations regarding French cooperation over North Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFrance holds relatively few levers when it comes to influencing North Korea and the Asian region to initiate negotiations with its leader, Kim Jong Un,\u201d Bondaz told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol and French President Emmanuel Macron hold a summit in Paris, June 20, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

SCARCE ECONOMIC COOPERATION<\/b><\/p>\n

While France and Korea share common objectives, economic cooperation remains underdeveloped. <\/span>Nearly 200 French businesses<\/span><\/a> have made considerable investments in Korea, but Korean companies have yet to reciprocate, despite their countries\u2019 aspirations to deepen economic ties.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCalls for improved cooperation like President Yoon\u2019s in <\/span>Le Figaro<\/span><\/i> have been made before and will undoubtedly be made again,\u201d Bondaz told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cRegardless of Yoon\u2019s aspirations, however, he\u2019s not the one making investment decisions. Those decisions rest with Korean companies, which, as yet, don\u2019t seem ready to invest in France.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

France suffers from a less than favorable reputation among Korean business leaders, who hesitate to invest in a country known for its occasionally challenging social climate. France was deeply impacted by <\/span>social unrest<\/span><\/a> at the start of 2023, including long-term strikes sparked by proposed changes to the country\u2019s retirement age.<\/span><\/p>\n

Even though a recent Ernst & Young <\/span>survey<\/span><\/a> indicated France is the leading European destination for foreign investments, the country is renowned as a prominent welfare state protective of workers\u2019 rights. As a result, France inevitably has higher labor costs than Korea, where pro-labor laws are not the norm.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s <\/span>Trade Union Act<\/span><\/a> mandates that businesses shall not claim damages against trade unions or workers if businesses suffer financial damages as a result of collective bargaining or industrial action. However, a selective interpretation of the law has allowed Korean firms to restrict workers\u2019 right to strike heavily.<\/span><\/p>\n

The vastly different attitudes toward labor unions make France an unappealing investment destination for many of South Korea\u2019s chaebol \u2014 the massive, predominantly family-run conglomerates that dominate the country\u2019s business landscape.<\/span><\/p>\n

Another potential roadblock is the budding competition between France and South Korea in crucial sectors.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe arms and civil nuclear industries are pillars of the French economy, and Korea is beginning to emerge as a serious competitor in the European market,\u201d Bondaz told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>, citing Korean <\/span>contracts<\/span><\/a> in Poland as an example.<\/span><\/p>\n

France and the ROK have also found themselves as strong rivals in other defense markets. Indonesia agreed to <\/span>purchase<\/span><\/a> 42 Rafale fighter jets for $8.1 billion in February as part of a series of agreements, including submarine development and ammunition, making Jakarta the biggest French arms client in the region.<\/span><\/p>\n

Indonesia\u2019s multi-billion dollar deal with France is a sore point for the ROK as it struggles to secure <\/span>payment<\/span><\/a> from Indonesia for their joint KF-21 fighter project.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet while competition between France and South Korea is present and could intensify in these sectors in the coming years, it is unlikely to sour relations.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korea\u2019s first lady Kim Keon-hee promotes the country\u2019s bid for the World Expo 2030 during a state visit to France, June 20, 2023 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

SHOWCASING TIES<\/b><\/p>\n

South Korea and France have arguably seen their most concrete collaboration in the cultural sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe K-pop industry serves as a tangible representation of the amicable relations between the two nations,\u201d Mathieu Berbiguier, a Ph.D. student specializing in South Korean popular culture at the University of California, Los Angeles, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

A prime example is K-pop group Blackpink\u2019s concert in Paris as part of a <\/span>charity event<\/span><\/a> spearheaded by French first lady Brigitte Macron. Global phenomenon BTS <\/span>gave<\/span><\/a> a similar concert in the city when former President Moon Jae-in visited in 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDuring the 2010s, governmental initiatives played a significant role in launching cultural products in Korea and France,\u201d Berbiguier told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0 \u201cHowever, today, K-pop operates largely independently, requiring minimal support from the Korean government for overseas promotion. A parallel can be drawn to French culture, which has established a strong foothold in Korea.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Morgan Stanley <\/span>estimates<\/span><\/a> that South Korean spending on personal luxury goods grew 24% in 2022 to $16.8 billion, or about $325 per capita. And French luxury brands such as Louis Vuitton and Chanel have been popular among Korean consumers for years.<\/span><\/p>\n

While presidential meetings serve as symbolic gestures of friendship, they are not the catalysts for economic cooperation or investment programs. Ultimately, the decision lies squarely in the domain of businesses and consumers.<\/span><\/p>\n

That said, the significance of these diplomatic exchanges in creating a political environment that can potentially reassure and motivate businesses in both countries should not be discounted.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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