{"id":2201402,"date":"2023-06-16T15:51:23","date_gmt":"2023-06-16T06:51:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2201402"},"modified":"2023-06-19T18:25:47","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T09:25:47","slug":"china-needs-south-koreas-semiconductors-even-though-it-hates-yoons-policies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/china-needs-south-koreas-semiconductors-even-though-it-hates-yoons-policies\/","title":{"rendered":"China needs South Korea\u2019s semiconductors, even though it hates Yoon\u2019s policies"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Chinese Ambassador to South Korea may have thought his jest was innocuous, but the silence that met his joke in a room of South Korean attendees suggested otherwise. A few scattered chuckles among the Chinese attendees did little to alleviate the discomfort.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cChina long surpassed Japan in terms of trade with Korea, but recently, the situation has been deteriorating,\u201d Xing Haiming remarked during a private gathering in Seoul last month.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt has been difficult, and we all know why. I will spare my words, but you can refer to our media for our sentiments.\u201d Xing then switched to Korean, proposing a toast to the future of trade and investment between China and Korea. \u201cThe \u2018in-yeon\u2019 between China and Korea is not down to fortuity!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIn-yeon\u201d (\uc778\uc5f0)<\/span> is a Korean word that refers to a fateful connection or bond that endures over time.<\/span><\/p>\n

The link between Korea and China dates back millennia, and China typically positions itself as the \u201c<\/span>elder brother<\/span><\/a>\u201d in this equation in accordance with Confucian hierarchy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This condescending attitude permeates bilateral relations today, with China continually expecting respect from its former tributary state.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, there\u2019s an undertone of desperation emanating from China, particularly regarding the intertwined economies of the two nations and the pivotal role of South Korean semiconductors in its industry.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts predict that ROK-China trade will soon become impossible to disentangle from politics, making it more likely that China will soon put its market size behind a haymaker aimed at the South Korean export-dependent economy.<\/span><\/p>\n

TWO STAGES OF GRIEF<\/b><\/p>\n

As its rivalry with the U.S. intensifies by the year, China has been exerting pressure on South Korea to dissuade it from joining <\/span>Washington\u2019s initiatives<\/span><\/a> in the Indo-Pacific, which, in essence, aim to circumvent Beijing\u2019s reach into critical supply chains and production sectors.<\/span><\/p>\n

The previous Moon Jae-in administration pursued a <\/span>diplomatic tightrope<\/span><\/a>, maintaining high-level exchanges with Beijing to avoid provoking Beijing. However, the Yoon Suk-yeol administration has resolutely <\/span>aligned<\/span><\/a> with the U.S. and Japan, prioritizing shared liberal democratic values that uphold a free and open regional order.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beijing\u2019s initial disbelief at South Korea\u2019s pronounced shift has evolved into seething anger.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tensions were further exacerbated by Yoon\u2019s public comments regarding the South China Sea and Taiwan. In an interview with <\/span>Reuters<\/span><\/i><\/a> in April, Yoon framed Taiwan as a \u201cglobal issue\u201d akin to North Korea and asserted his opposition to any forceful change of the status quo in the Indo-Pacific.<\/span><\/p>\n

Criticizing Yoon as a \u201cpetty man\u201d and a \u201csleepwalker,\u201d Chinese state-run tabloid newspaper <\/span>The Global Times<\/span><\/i><\/a> has dubbed him \u201cthe most unfriendly South Korean president to China\u201d since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two nations, accusing him of steering his country onto an \u201cevil path.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The vitriolic exchanges escalated when the South Korean Embassy in Beijing <\/span>lodged a complaint<\/span><\/a> against the tabloid. The embassy took issue with the paper\u2019s \u201csensationalist, provocative and inappropriate language\u201d used in its commentary, stating it \u201cdisparaged\u201d the South Korean president.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin answers questions during a press conference, June 13, 2023 | Image: PRC Foreign Ministry<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

INEXTRICABLY CONNECTED<\/b><\/p>\n

Even while rebuking Yoon\u2019s values-based diplomacy, Chinese officials have insisted, \u201cChina remains the best option for South Korean companies for investment and business opportunities.\u201d They have called on Seoul not to give in to Washington\u2019s campaign to exclude China from the global semiconductor supply chain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Data from the <\/span>Bank of Korea<\/span><\/a> reveals the magnitude of this economic bond. In May, it was reported that 55% of South Korea\u2019s chip exports went to China last year. Furthermore, major chip manufacturers Samsung and SK Hynix produce approximately half of their memory chips in China\u2019s industrial cities.<\/span><\/p>\n

The significance of South Korean chips for China\u2019s ambitions cannot be overstated. They serve as crucial components in the advancement of China\u2019s high-tech industries, aligning with China\u2019s grand strategy to <\/span>dominate<\/span><\/a> the world\u2019s artificial intelligence sector and achieve <\/span>self-sufficiency<\/span><\/a> in producing advanced technologies.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEven in its plans to domestically produce essential technologies, China has realized that it needs South Korean semiconductors,\u201d Oh Joon-seok, a professor of business administration at Sookmyung Women\u2019s University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Currently, South Korean firms supply <\/span>more than half<\/span><\/a> of the world\u2019s DRAM and NAND flash chips, with their market share continuing to rise this year.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet neither nation wants to reduce its semiconductor trade or scale back South Korean factory operations in China. However, the continuity of this symbiotic relationship faces strong uncertainty amid the technological rivalry between Washington and Beijing.<\/span><\/p>\n

Last October, the U.S. Department of Commerce imposed a \u201c<\/span>presumption of denial<\/span><\/a>\u201d policy on semiconductor equipment and technology exported to China. Although exemptions were given to U.S. and allied businesses, the one-year waiver is set to expire later this year.<\/span><\/p>\n

U.S. officials have hinted Washington will <\/span>likely cap<\/span><\/a> the level of chip technology that can be produced in China, potentially complicating South Korean firms\u2019 ability to upgrade their products made within the country.<\/span><\/p>\n

While Seoul has <\/span>requested<\/span><\/a> that Washington reconsider these measures, analysts largely believe the Biden administration will continue pressuring its allies to limit exports of high-end chips to China.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe Korean economy is still in a position where it cannot choose either country A or B but must go with both A and B,\u201d Oh Joon-seok said.<\/span><\/p>\n

BALANCING ACT<\/b><\/p>\n

Caught in the geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and China, it is \u201cvery important that these companies manage this precarious balancing act with a very astute strategy,\u201d John Quelch, Charles Edward Wilson professor emeritus of Harvard Business School, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThey cannot afford to leave China given its huge market size, proximity and potential. And they cannot afford to put all of their chips into the American basket, either. So these companies will have to navigate this balancing act.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

A recent exchange between trade ministers <\/span>highlighted<\/span><\/a> the precariousness of the political and economic strategies in play.<\/span><\/p>\n

Intriguingly, the post-meeting narratives from Beijing and Seoul diverged significantly. Chinese <\/span>media<\/span><\/a> reports claimed that the officials had agreed to bolster dialogue on semiconductor supply chain cooperation. In contrast, the South Korean trade ministry conspicuously <\/span>omitted<\/span><\/a> any reference to semiconductors.<\/span><\/p>\n

This discrepancy is interpreted by observers as a signal of China\u2019s <\/span>increasing desperation<\/span><\/a> to preserve its semiconductor connections, whereas Seoul appears more cautious, being more mindful of Washington.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, as the standoff between Washington and Beijing continues, a swift resolution seems unlikely, according to Eric Kim, a professor of international studies at Hanyang University.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe decisions will become more and more political as this is literally a trade war between the U.S. and China,\u201d Kim told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung meets with Chinese Ambassador to South Korea Xing Haiming, June 8, 2023 | Image: Democratic Party of Korea via Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

THE EMPIRE WILL STRIKE BACK<\/b><\/p>\n

As Seoul and Beijing grapple with the uncertainties surrounding their future relations and South Korea becomes increasingly vocal on regional matters sensitive to Beijing, concerns are mounting over a potential resurgence of Chinese economic coercion.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s already started with the Naver portal block,\u201d Jeffrey Robertson, an associate professor of diplomatic studies at Yonsei University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>, referring to the <\/span>multi-day access restrictions<\/span><\/a> imposed on South Korea\u2019s largest internet portal, Naver, within China.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIn the next few months, we\u2019re going to see this go further. It will be very incremental, but China will start pushing back stronger if the rhetoric continues.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In recent weeks, Xing Haiming, the Chinese Ambassador to South Korea, has become decidedly <\/span>more vocal<\/span><\/a>, issuing warnings to Seoul that it would \u201cregret\u201d betting on China\u2019s \u201cdefeat.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul has responded publicly to Xing\u2019s remarks. South Korea\u2019s foreign ministry <\/span>summoned<\/span><\/a> him to address his statements, President Yoon <\/span>questioned<\/span><\/a> whether Xing respects South Korea and some lawmakers even <\/span>suggested<\/span><\/a> that Beijing should recall its envoy.<\/span><\/p>\n

While Seoul awaits Beijing to take \u201cappropriate measures\u201d or replace their outspoken ambassador, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Wang Wenbin <\/span>expressed<\/span><\/a> \u201cdeep regret\u201d over what he termed \u201cpersonal attacks\u201d on Xing by ROK media outlets, hinting at Beijing\u2019s lack of intention to recall the ambassador.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although both countries recognize they need each other for their respective chips industries to thrive, deteriorating diplomatic ties are casting a shadow of uncertainty, threatening to stir up unpredictable outcomes in this crucial sector.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Chinese Ambassador to South Korea may have thought his jest was innocuous, but the silence that met his joke in a room of South Korean attendees suggested otherwise. 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