{"id":2201388,"date":"2023-06-15T17:53:27","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T08:53:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2201388"},"modified":"2023-06-16T15:52:36","modified_gmt":"2023-06-16T06:52:36","slug":"how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/","title":{"rendered":"How South Korea is embracing marginalized Koreans in Russia and Ukraine"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ethnic Korean populations can be found in countries around the world, a legacy of widespread emigration in the 20th century, and a new South Korean government initiative seeks to address the challenges that these communities face \u2014 and perhaps even tackle the ROK\u2019s demographic problems at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\n

Korean groups in Japan, Russia and Ukraine have long been marginalized by not only the countries where they live but by South Korea itself, struggling with statelessness stemming from unresolved historical issues and seeking recognition as Korean citizens.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul has increasingly acknowledged the plight of these ethnic Koreans and begun taking steps to provide support and facilitate their repatriation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt is the nation\u2019s responsibility to care for the Korean-Japanese, Koryo-in, Sakhalin Koreans and the miners and nurses who contributed to the country\u2019s economic growth to ensure they are not marginalized,\u201d President Yoon Suk-yeol <\/span>said<\/span><\/a> in a speech last week.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, legal gray areas continue to hinder these ethnic Koreans from acquiring visas, while their long disconnection from the peninsula could pose problems for integrating into contemporary South Korean society. And experts told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that the government will need to take prompt legislative action to address some of these issues.<\/span><\/p>\n

DIVIDED FAMILIES<\/b><\/p>\n

In the aftermath of World War II, some <\/span>43,000<\/span><\/a> South Koreans who were forced laborers during the conflict were left stateless on Russia\u2019s Sakhalin island. The repatriation of these individuals proved to be difficult given the <\/span>complex geopolitical circumstances<\/span><\/a>, such as South Korea\u2019s lack of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.<\/span><\/p>\n

Efforts<\/span><\/a> by various civic groups, including the Red Cross, eventually led the South Korean government to address the plight of the Sakhalin Koreans. The result was the enactment of the <\/span>Special Act on Assistance to Sakhalin Koreans<\/span><\/a> in 2021. To date, this act has facilitated the return of approximately <\/span>4,408<\/span><\/a> Sakhalin Koreans to their homeland.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, debate persists over whether the benefits of the Sakhalin Special Law should be restricted to first-generation Sakhalin Koreans or extended to their descendants.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe scope of the Special Act on Assistance to Sakhalin Koreans is very narrow. It pertains specifically to Korean immigrants who migrated until August 15, 1945, and only permits their return along with their spouse, a direct relative and the relative\u2019s spouse,\u201d Park Young-ah, an international human rights lawyer, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

No Young-don, a law professor at Incheon University, argued for extending the current benefits to descendants during a <\/span>public hearing<\/span><\/a> on the Sakhalin Special Law, while acknowledging the government\u2019s limited fiscal resources.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEligibility for repatriation should be granted to all individuals expressing a desire to return, regardless of their generational status, to prevent new cases of separated families,\u201d No said, emphasizing the need to accommodate immediate family members of the first child given budget constraints.<\/span><\/p>\n

The current law effectively prevents some Sakhalin Koreans from returning home. A <\/span>2010 study<\/span><\/a> of Sakhalin Koreans who returned to Korea permanently found that 68% of respondents were caught in a family divide, having left their children and grandchildren behind in Sakhalin upon resettlement in South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Koreans in Sakhalin celebrate the 77th anniversary of Korea\u2019s Independence, Aug. 27, 2022 | Image: Association of Sakhalin Koreans<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

NOWHERE TO CALL HOME<\/b><\/p>\n

Koryo-in \u2014 ethnic Koreans who settled in Russia \u2014 were forcibly <\/span>relocated<\/span><\/a> to Ukraine under Stalin\u2019s rule, and they confront a significant problem: <\/span>10%<\/span><\/a> of their population is stateless, having lost <\/span>identification documents<\/span><\/a> or had them expire amid the chaos that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union.<\/span><\/p>\n

Between 200 to 300 of these stateless Koryo-in, their homes destroyed by the prolonged war in Ukraine, are seeking <\/span>refugee status<\/span><\/a> in South Korea. Despite their legal status, the South Korean government has <\/span>responded<\/span><\/a> to their plight with humanitarian assistance, offering them <\/span>temporary refugee status visas<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The majority of the approximately <\/span>2,000<\/span><\/a> Ukrainian Koryo-in who have sought sanctuary in South Korea following the Russian invasion of Ukraine have secured either <\/span>F-4 or H-2 visas<\/span><\/a>, which permit employment.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe Overseas Koreans Act doesn\u2019t pertain to stateless ethnic Koreans, which is a concern as there isn\u2019t a clear reason to exclude them. While there\u2019s an amendment proposed to address this issue, it\u2019s still pending approval from the National Assembly,\u201d the lawyer Park told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fear of deportation has been growing among the stateless Koryo-in in Ukraine, many of whom were <\/span>denied<\/span><\/a> Ukrainian citizenship and had to flee their war-ravaged homeland. The uncertainty of their place in the world once the war concludes is an additional layer of anxiety.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe current version of the Overseas Koreans Act doesn’t sufficiently address stateless ethnic Koreans, like the Koryo-in. Many are currently in Ukraine and face significant challenges in obtaining F-4 visas,\u201d Park said.<\/span><\/p>\n

There is an <\/span>amendment proposal<\/span><\/a> making its way to the National Assembly that would make it easier for Koryo-in to receive visas, prompting <\/span>calls<\/span><\/a> for expediting the bill<\/span><\/p>\n

LEGAL SHORTCOMINGS<\/b><\/p>\n

Millions of Koreans settled in Japan during the country\u2019s colonial rule of the peninsula, either taken by force as wartime laborers or migrating to escape extreme poverty, and the descendants of these Zainichi Koreans now constitute a sizable demographic in Japan, numbering around <\/span>400,000<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite this, a <\/span>2018 <\/span>Yonhap News<\/span><\/i> report<\/span><\/a> revealed that less than 10% of Zainichi Koreans receive an education at schools funded by the South Korean government. As of 2021, only <\/span>four<\/span><\/a> such schools operate in Japan.<\/span><\/p>\n

The limited number of these schools is a direct result of a <\/span>lack of funding<\/span><\/a>. Consequently, many Korean students in Japan who seek an ROK-funded education face <\/span>extensive waiting periods<\/span><\/a>. Additionally, these students often must undertake lengthy commutes, as long as two hours, due to the scarcity of schools.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further complications arise from their visa status. Despite being South Korean nationals residing in Japan, Zainichi Koreans face visa disadvantages under the current iteration of the Overseas Koreans Act, Kim Woong-ki, a professor of Japan studies at Hallym University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOverseas Koreans have seen some conveniences granted with the implementation of the resident registration system, allowing for alterations or reinstatements of their status,\u201d Kim told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cHowever, a significant segment of Koreans in Japan remains excluded from this privilege, as they relocated overseas before the system\u2019s implementation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Kim attributed these challenges to the current Overseas Koreans Act and argued that the government should devise a new way to classify overseas Koreans based on their individual historical background and resident status in their host country.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA tailored legal framework must be established to redress their unique concerns,\u201d Kim argued. \u201cDistinctive attributes inherent to Korean residents in Japan should be recognized by the government.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Korean-Japanese visit Seoul City Hall and meet with then-mayor of Seoul Kim Sung-Bae, July 25, 1975 | Image: Seoul Archives<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

ENCOURAGING IMMIGRATION<\/b><\/p>\n

Calls for the ROK government to support these marginalized ethnic Koreans have come as the country faces a severe <\/span>demographic crisis<\/span><\/a>. The nation is grappling with a record-low birth rate that, if unchecked, could <\/span>halve<\/span><\/a> the population by 2070.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response to this steep demographic decline, Seoul has been implementing <\/span>measures<\/span><\/a> to attract foreign talent to the country. Examples of these include allowing small local manufacturing firms to hire foreign workers and enabling their reemployment at the employer\u2019s discretion. Ethnic Koreans are among the beneficiaries of these policies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Now, the government is <\/span>considering<\/span><\/a> giving ethnic Koreans an advantage in applying for parcel service jobs. While they are likely to face challenges, such as alienation from South Korean society due to a long history of disconnection and language barriers, this policy direction shows alignment with the goal of embracing marginalized ethnic Koreans.<\/span><\/p>\n

Recent efforts by the Yoon administration further highlight this intention. Actions such as <\/span>visiting<\/span><\/a> a memorial for Korean victims of the 1945 atomic bombing in Hiroshima and <\/span>inviting<\/span><\/a> them to Seoul signal South Korea\u2019s intention to redress the neglect experienced by these individuals.<\/span><\/p>\n

But accomplishing this goal will require resolving the legal gray areas that currently inhibit government support for these minorities. While there has been progress on this front, much more remains to be done.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ethnic Korean populations can be found in countries around the world, a legacy of widespread emigration in the 20th century, and a new South Korean government initiative seeks to address the challenges that these communities face \u2014 and perhaps even tackle the ROK\u2019s demographic problems at the same time. Korean groups in Japan, Russia and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10207,"featured_media":2201389,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[25,27],"yoast_head":"\nHow South Korea is embracing marginalized Koreans in Russia and Ukraine - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How South Korea is embracing marginalized Koreans in Russia and Ukraine - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ethnic Korean populations can be found in countries around the world, a legacy of widespread emigration in the 20th century, and a new South Korean government initiative seeks to address the challenges that these communities face \u2014 and perhaps even tackle the ROK\u2019s demographic problems at the same time. Korean groups in Japan, Russia and […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nknewsorg\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-15T08:53:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-16T06:52:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/06\/yoon-japan.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1870\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"yejichung\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@southkoreapro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@southkoreapro\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Yeji Chung\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"yejichung\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/#\/schema\/person\/de760b2ae1bd5e402ea2e311b28ee31a\"},\"headline\":\"How South Korea is embracing marginalized Koreans in Russia and Ukraine\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-15T08:53:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-16T06:52:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/\"},\"wordCount\":1349,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Culture & Society\",\"Domestic Politics\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Analysis\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/\",\"name\":\"How South Korea is embracing marginalized Koreans in Russia and Ukraine - KOREA PRO\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-15T08:53:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-16T06:52:36+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/how-south-korea-is-embracing-marginalized-koreans-in-russia-and-ukraine\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"How South Korea is embracing marginalized Koreans in Russia and Ukraine\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/\",\"name\":\"KOREA PRO\",\"description\":\"Be smart about South Korea. 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