{"id":2201373,"date":"2023-06-14T18:27:04","date_gmt":"2023-06-14T09:27:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2201373"},"modified":"2023-06-15T17:56:16","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T08:56:16","slug":"why-south-koreas-cheap-breakfast-program-leaves-a-bitter-taste-of-inequality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/why-south-koreas-cheap-breakfast-program-leaves-a-bitter-taste-of-inequality\/","title":{"rendered":"Why South Korea\u2019s cheap breakfast program leaves a bitter taste of inequality"},"content":{"rendered":"

In a country where prolonged inflation continually drives up food costs, the luxury of consuming three meals daily eludes many South Korean university students. A <\/span>2023 survey<\/span><\/a> conducted by the nation\u2019s largest university coalition reveals that food expenses are the first items most university students pare down in an effort to manage their budgets.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response to the rising demand for cost-effective meal options amid skyrocketing inflation, the government\u2019s economically priced breakfast initiative, first launched in 2017, has seen a <\/span>surge in popularity<\/span><\/a> among university students.<\/span><\/p>\n

Affectionately coined \u201cThe 1,000 won breakfast,\u201d this program provides university students a comprehensive breakfast meal, typically encompassing rice, soup and several side dishes, all priced at a mere 77 cents (1,000 won).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI absolutely love the 1,000-won breakfast program at my school. Nowadays, an instant cup of noodles costs more than 1,000 won. I hope the government considers implementing the 1,000-won lunch program as well so that I don\u2019t have to get up too early to beat the queue,\u201d Kim Soo-young, a student at Korea University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bolstered by its enthusiastic reception among university students, the government recently announced it would <\/span>double<\/span><\/a> the project\u2019s budget to broaden its scope. Consequently, the number of participating universities has swelled from <\/span>41<\/span><\/a> to <\/span>145<\/span><\/a> as of May.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yet the program hasn\u2019t escaped political opportunism. The leaders of the country\u2019s two dominant political parties \u2014 the ruling People Power Party (PPP) and the main opposition Democratic Party (DP) \u2014 have made public appearances at universities implementing the program, each <\/span>claiming<\/span><\/a> their party initiated it.<\/span><\/p>\n

With the April 2024 legislative election looming, some critics have accused the parties of exploiting the program\u2019s expansion as a <\/span>populist tactic<\/span><\/a> to secure the support of South Korea\u2019s youth voters. Others have cautioned that the program could even contribute to welfare disparities through its focus on college students at wealthy universities in Seoul.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung visits Chonnam National University to dine with students, April 7, 2023 | Image: Chonnam National University via official website<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

AFFLUENT VS UNDERFUNDED UNIVERSITIES<\/b><\/p>\n

The 1,000-won breakfast program has inadvertently laid bare a stark <\/span>economic disparity<\/span><\/a> between affluent Seoul-based universities and underfunded rural universities.<\/span><\/p>\n

The ROK government provides a subsidy of only 77 cents (1,000 won) per student, leaving the rest of the cost to be borne by the participating universities.<\/span><\/p>\n

Given that the average cost of a breakfast meal is estimated to be between $3.08 and $3.85 (4,000 to 5,000 won) per student, each participating university has to pay a significant portion of the cost. After accounting for the 77-cent contribution from each student and the matching amount from the government, the universities have to shoulder over half of the costs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul-based universities, blessed with deep coffers, can comfortably shoulder the program\u2019s costs, thanks to their ability to swiftly generate funds from well-established alumni. In contrast, many rural private universities, already wrestling with a <\/span>persistent decline<\/span><\/a> in student enrollment, find themselves cash-strapped and lack the external funding required to support the program.<\/span><\/p>\n

This financial predicament has left numerous economically disadvantaged universities <\/span>unable to participate<\/span><\/a> in the initiative. For instance, Jeju International University couldn\u2019t apply for the government\u2019s subsidy this year as <\/span>dwindling student numbers<\/span><\/a> forced the <\/span>closure<\/span><\/a> of their school cafeteria. Similarly, only <\/span>one out of 23<\/span><\/a> universities in South Gyeongsang Province has been able to join the program due to fiscal constraints.<\/span><\/p>\n

The disparity extends beyond participation rates to the quality of food provided by the participating universities.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since 2018, Seoul-based <\/span>Korea University<\/span><\/a>, one of the country\u2019s preeminent institutions, has been serving nutritious, home-style rice meals. Delivered buffet-style, these meals allow students limitless refills. Moreover, there\u2019s <\/span>no restriction<\/span><\/a> on the number of students who can avail themselves of the service as long as they arrive during the designated breakfast hours.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conversely, students at certain rural universities are presented with less appealing options. For the same 1,000 won, these students resort to <\/span>nearby convenience stores<\/span><\/a> for a triangular kimbap and a cup of instant noodles.<\/span><\/p>\n

Even these modest convenience store offerings are provided on a first-come, first-served basis, with only the first 70 students accommodated, leaving many unable to benefit from the program.<\/span><\/p>\n

The disparity in meal quality, largely determined by the universities\u2019 fiscal wherewithal, has left many rural students feeling deprived. They are acutely conscious of their Seoul counterparts enjoying home-style meals in university cafeterias, creating a sense of relative disadvantage.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

An example of a home-cooked style rice meal being provided to students at Korea University | Image: Korea University <\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

EXTERNAL FUNDING\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

n the face of inadequate government subsidies, several rural universities have sought additional resources, including funding from local municipalities, to keep up with the increasingly popular 1,000-won breakfast initiative.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eschewing the government\u2019s 1,000 won subsidy, Chosun University, a private university located in Gwangju, sought financial support from <\/span>external organizations<\/span><\/a>. This move enabled the university to successfully implement the program this year.<\/span><\/p>\n

Each student is supplied with a lunchbox priced at an estimated $3.85 (5,000 won). The university receives a <\/span>$1.54 (2,000 won) subsidy<\/span><\/a> per student from these external organizations.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe didn\u2019t want our students to feel marginalized when many national and private universities in Seoul have been offering their students 1,000-won breakfast meals for years,\u201d said Kang Seung-won, a program coordinator at Chosun University.<\/span><\/p>\n

The program\u2019s warm reception among students, however, does not translate into long-term financial stability for the university. The external organizations have committed their support only through June 19.<\/span><\/p>\n

As more private universities outside Seoul actively seek financial aid from external organizations or local municipalities, criticism is mounting against the Yoon Suk-yeol administration. Critics argue that the administration is attempting to <\/span>take credit<\/span><\/a> for the program\u2019s success while its actual financial contribution remains minimal.<\/span><\/p>\n

CALLS FOR INCLUSIVITY<\/b><\/p>\n

While both the ruling and main opposition parties tout the breakfast initiative as a welfare policy for South Korean youths, its application is exclusive to university students, sparking concerns about potential discrimination.<\/span><\/p>\n

Data<\/span><\/a> from the Korean Educational Development Institute highlights that an alarming 26.7% of high-school graduates did not pursue further education last year, raising questions about the program\u2019s reach and inclusivity. <\/span>Cyber universities<\/span><\/a>, too, fall outside the program\u2019s eligibility parameters.<\/span><\/p>\n

This selectivity has prompted worries that a significant portion of South Korean youths are being overlooked, potentially fostering a sense of inequity and <\/span>discontent<\/span><\/a> among working-class youth not enrolled at universities.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response to this concern, some <\/span>suggest<\/span><\/a> bolstering the current policy with corresponding measures. Suggestions include offering food subsidies or vouchers to working-class youth who aren\u2019t university students.<\/span><\/p>\n

Others advocate expanding the scope of the existing program to encompass a larger demographic.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Why should university students be the only ones benefiting from this?” questioned Chung Dong-hun, a master’s student at Sungkonghoe University.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis program is great, and I think it can be further enhanced if the local municipalities step in and also open it up to their local residents,\u201d Chung added.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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In […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10207,"featured_media":2201374,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[25,27],"class_list":["post-2201373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-culture-society","tag-domestic-politics"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy South Korea\u2019s cheap breakfast program leaves a bitter taste of inequality - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/06\/why-south-koreas-cheap-breakfast-program-leaves-a-bitter-taste-of-inequality\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why South Korea\u2019s cheap breakfast program leaves a bitter taste of inequality - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a country where prolonged inflation continually drives up food costs, the luxury of consuming three meals daily eludes many South Korean university students. 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