{"id":2200881,"date":"2023-05-02T18:38:41","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T09:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2200881"},"modified":"2023-05-03T19:24:02","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T10:24:02","slug":"how-politics-and-culture-could-cap-south-koreas-defense-cooperation-with-poland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/05\/how-politics-and-culture-could-cap-south-koreas-defense-cooperation-with-poland\/","title":{"rendered":"How politics and culture could cap South Korea\u2019s defense cooperation with Poland"},"content":{"rendered":"

In 2022, Poland and South Korea embarked on a new phase in their bilateral relations, with defense issues emerging as a crucial area of collaboration.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But clashing organizational cultures and South Korea\u2019s concerns about offending Moscow and Beijing might prevent speedier deliveries and aid for Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

As a result of contracts totaling $12.4 billion, Poland has acquired a <\/span>substantial quantity of arms<\/span><\/a> manufactured in South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>agreement<\/span><\/a> also encompasses industrial collaboration between Poland and South Korea, including technology transfer and licensed production in Poland. Consequently, starting in 2026, 820 upgraded K2PL tanks and 460 K9PL howitzers are slated for production in both countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

Earlier this year, the Polish Armaments Group (PGZ) <\/span>signed<\/span><\/a> a term sheet outlining the principles of industrial collaboration with Hyundai Rotem and Hanwha Aerospace for the planned production of K2PLs and K9PLs in Poland. The tanks will be serviced, repaired and manufactured at Wojskowe Zak\u0142ady Motoryzacyjne (WZM) in Poznan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The license covers the supply of tanks for the Polish armed forces and export. Meanwhile, K9PLs will be manufactured by Huta Stalowa Wola (HSW), a Polish defense contractor. Further, PGZ, WZM and Hyundai Rotem <\/span>established<\/span><\/a> a consortium to produce K2PL tanks and accompanying vehicles for the Polish army.<\/span><\/p>\n

OPPORTUNITIES<\/b><\/p>\n

The potential for K2PL production appears promising. Defense experts highlight the modernization potential of the K2 and its prospects for export success. Successful industrial cooperation with South Korea could position Poland as an essential player in the European market for modern main battle tanks, benefiting both countries.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe establishment of a logistics and production hub in Poland would increase the attractiveness of South Korea\u2019s offer,\u201d said <\/span>Damian Ratka<\/span><\/a>, a defense expert from Defence24. Countries potentially interested in purchasing South Korean armaments include Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Baltic states.<\/span><\/p>\n

Central and Eastern European countries\u2019 interest in South Korea\u2019s offer may grow, considering the limited production capacity of Germany\u2019s defense industry, a major arms supplier in the region.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c54 Leopard 2A7 and 18 in option, are to be delivered to Norway from 2026 to 2031,\u201d Ratka offered as examples. \u201cIn comparison, until 2026, Poland will receive more than 540 tanks from South Korea and the U.S.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

However, potential production in Poland would not end production in South Korea. \u201cWorkshare is being negotiated, but it looks like the first 100 units of K2PLs will be built in South Korea,\u201d said Jedrzej Graf, chief editor of <\/span>Defence24<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

He added that South Korean production would expand further, and its success in the NATO market \u201cwould strengthen its position in other non-European markets.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

A South Korean K9 howitzer, Nov. 15, 2022 | Image: ROK Ministry of National Defense Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

CHALLENGES<\/b><\/p>\n

Industrial cooperation between Poland and South Korea could benefit both nations significantly. However, negotiations on the details have proven to be challenging.<\/span><\/p>\n

The primary issue is developing a mutually beneficial cooperation model for the Polish and South Korean defense industries. \u201cThe Polish defense industry has a lot to offer in the construction of K2PL,\u201d Ratka argued, citing components such as thermal imaging cameras, communication systems and a laser warning system.<\/span><\/p>\n

Graf noted that the assertive stance of the Polish industry stems from failed projects over the past 30 years involving American or European partners, which yielded limited benefits for the Polish defense sector.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Another issue, in his opinion, is the different organizational cultures of companies from Poland and South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere are certain differences in business and organizational culture in industries of both countries,\u201d Graf explained. \u201cAs there is political pressure for quick deliveries due to the requirements for the Polish armed forces, resolving those differences in negotiations is not always easy for the Polish industry.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Poland\u2019s Ministry of National Defense and the Polish armed forces are formulating requirements for the K2PL. According to Ratka, \u201cIt is still unknown what the final configuration of the tank will be and when it will be ready.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As a result, he thinks that Poland and South Korea are unlikely to agree on tank production before the autumn parliamentary elections in Poland.<\/span><\/p>\n

On the other hand, Graf emphasized the current Polish government\u2019s strong determination to sign executive agreements on industrial cooperation with South Korea. \u201cI cannot imagine that \u2014 even with all these problems with the industry \u2014 executive contracts will not be signed soon. The Polish government is very keen on this success.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

ROK Defense Minister Lee Jong-sup meets with Polish Defense Minister Mariusz Blaszczak to deliver K9 howitzers, Feb. 24, 2023 | Image:\u00a0ROK Ministry of National Defense Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

SUPPORT FOR UKRAINE<\/b><\/p>\n

Polish authorities\u2019 defense cooperation with South Korea is a response to the deteriorating security environment in Europe following Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In a <\/span>statement<\/span><\/a> on the principles and objectives of Poland’s foreign policy, Polish Foreign Minister Zbigniew Rau emphasized, \u201cDeliveries of South Korean weapons will help modernize our armed forces and strengthen Poland\u2019s security, thereby improving NATO\u2019s deterrence and defense capabilities on the eastern flank.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Rau also highlighted that partners\u2019 attitudes toward Russia\u2019s aggression against Ukraine and their commitment to helping Ukrainians counter the attacks would be critical for determining the scope and intensity of bilateral cooperation in the near future.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poland\u2019s defense collaboration with South Korea is intertwined with discussions on supporting Ukraine with weapons, as Warsaw has become a major advocate for military aid to Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

On March 23, EU leaders <\/span>accepted<\/span><\/a> a $1.1 billion plan to increase the delivery of artillery ammunition to Ukraine. Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki <\/span>said<\/span><\/a> he would encourage European partners to purchase ammunition from Israel and South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Earlier, South Korean defense officials and Polish industry representatives <\/span>confirmed<\/span><\/a> that Seoul had approved export licenses for Poland to provide Ukraine with Krab howitzers, built with South Korean-made chassis.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marcin Andrzej Piotrowski, a defense analyst at the Polish Institute of International Affairs, argued that South Korea possesses military equipment that could be useful for Ukraine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt has more than 1,000 K1 tanks, which will be partly modernized, partly phased out. And Ukraine\u2019s priority is acquiring artillery ammunition,\u201d Piotrowski noted.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSouth Korea seems to have the greatest production potential when it comes to artillery ammunition, so expectations are high,\u201d Piotrowski continued. \u201cBut there are similar expectations for Australia and Japan, even if there are no public reports about that so far.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Leaked Pentagon documents revealed that providing lethal aid to Ukraine under U.S. pressure is <\/span>a sensitive issue<\/span><\/a> for the South Korean government. According to the leak, high-ranking officials in the Yoon administration had suggested selling ammunition to Poland and allowing it to send them to Ukraine.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, comments made by the Polish prime minister during his recent visit to the U.S. suggest that Poland and South Korea have yet to agree on this matter.<\/span><\/p>\n

In an <\/span>interview<\/span><\/a> with <\/span>The New York Times<\/span><\/i>, Morawiecki argued that only a more direct involvement of the U.S. president would persuade South Korea to deliver its artillery shells to Ukraine as \u201cSouth Korea is fearful of Russian and Chinese reactions.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The Polish prime minister confirmed that Warsaw would only transfer the weaponry purchased from South Korea if negotiating an arrangement with Seoul.<\/span><\/p>\n

Due to the confidential nature of the issue, it is difficult to assess the scale and scope of cooperation between NATO members and South Korea in providing military aid to Ukraine. However, public statements from Polish authorities reflect growing expectations toward South Korea in this regard, given the nation\u2019s <\/span>deepening cooperation<\/span><\/a> with NATO.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In 2022, Poland and South Korea embarked on a new phase in their bilateral relations, with defense issues emerging as a crucial area of collaboration.\u00a0 But clashing organizational cultures and South Korea\u2019s concerns about offending Moscow and Beijing might prevent speedier deliveries and aid for Ukraine. As a result of contracts totaling $12.4 billion, Poland […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2200882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,28],"class_list":["post-2200881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-defense-security","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nHow politics and culture could cap South Korea\u2019s defense cooperation with Poland - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/05\/how-politics-and-culture-could-cap-south-koreas-defense-cooperation-with-poland\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How politics and culture could cap South Korea\u2019s defense cooperation with Poland - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 2022, Poland and South Korea embarked on a new phase in their bilateral relations, with defense issues emerging as a crucial area of collaboration.\u00a0 But clashing organizational cultures and South Korea\u2019s concerns about offending Moscow and Beijing might prevent speedier deliveries and aid for Ukraine. 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