{"id":2200464,"date":"2023-03-22T18:30:02","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T09:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2200464"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:07:52","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:07:52","slug":"yoons-southeast-asia-approach-continues-old-policies-but-still-lacks-clarity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/03\/yoons-southeast-asia-approach-continues-old-policies-but-still-lacks-clarity\/","title":{"rendered":"Yoon\u2019s Southeast Asia approach continues old policies, but still lacks clarity"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korea\u2019s inaugural <\/span>Indo-Pacific Strategy<\/span><\/a> lists Southeast Asia as a regional priority for Seoul, but experts fear a lack of specifics in the new policy could spread the ROK\u2019s priorities too thin and force it to lose traction in an increasingly competitive region.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The strategy stresses that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region remains central to Seoul\u2019s foreign policy, serving as its second-largest trading partner and investment destination and the top travel destination and largest official development assistance (ODA) partner from South Korea\u2019s side.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe solidarity established through years of political and economic cooperation, as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges, will serve as a strong foundation from which the ROK and ASEAN can deepen their collaboration towards their common objectives in the Indo-Pacific,\u201d <\/span>the brief says<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

ROK President <\/span>Yoon Suk-yeol attended the ASEAN summit<\/span><\/a> in November, where he pledged to ensure a \u201cfree, peaceful and prosperous Indo-Pacific region\u201d by working with other countries and regions, including ASEAN and East Timor. Seoul also proposed a new Korea-ASEAN Solidarity Initiative (KASI) as the foundation for stronger relations.<\/span><\/p>\n

A few weeks later, <\/span>South Korea and Vietnam<\/span><\/a> upgraded their relationship<\/span><\/a> to a \u201ccomprehensive strategic partnership,\u201d signaling the former\u2019s attempt to prioritize Southeast Asia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite these grand ambitions, however, the new Indo-Pacific Strategy is \u201cbasically just a continuation\u201d of former president Moon Jae-in\u2019s New Southern Policy (NSP) covering Southeast Asia and India, Jeffrey Robertson, an associate professor of diplomatic studies at Seoul\u2019s Yonsei University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Introduced in 2017<\/span><\/a> and expanded as the <\/span>New Southern Policy Plus<\/span><\/a> in 2020 to tackle emerging pandemic-era challenges, the NSP promoted mutually beneficial and sustainable trade and investment, cultural exchanges and infrastructure development and cooperation in security, health, education, and digital industries.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Moon Jae-in addresses the 22nd ASEAN-ROK Summit, Oct. 26, 2021 | Image: Moon Jae-in Administration Blue House Facebook<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

By comparison, Yoon\u2019s policy seeks to expand security cooperation for the region and help secure \u201cfree and safe sea lines of communication,\u201d including increased naval ship transfers, military logistics support and cooperation on maritime terrorism and law enforcement.<\/span><\/p>\n

The strategy calls for closer cooperation with ASEAN and other regional forums on the economy, finance and food to ensure a \u201crobust financial safety net\u201d and pledges to increase ODA in areas such as digital education, climate change, smart cities and transportation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Southeast Asia welcomed Moon\u2019s increased emphasis on the region at the time and is likely to favor policy continuity despite Yoon\u2019s decision to scrap the NSP, according to Hoo Chiew-Ping, a senior lecturer in strategic studies and international relations at the National University of Malaysia (UKM).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe New Southern Policy is actually one of the successful legacies from the previous government, so it makes sense for the current administration to carry it forward,\u201d she said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoo added that South Korean officials have indicated the new policies are likely to remain much the same but added that the structure has yet to be clarified, particularly for KASI.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

President Yoon Suk-yeol and Vietnamese former president Nguyen Xuan Phuc raise a toast to ROK-Vietnam relations, Dec. 6, 2022 | Image: ROK President Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

BALANCING REGIONAL POWERS<\/b><\/p>\n

Experts warn that the strategy’s lack of clarity on Southeast Asia could see Seoul fall behind other players in an increasingly competitive region, despite its current strong position.<\/span><\/p>\n

Unlike the region-specific NSP, Yoon’s approach takes a broader view of the Indo-Pacific and tries to incorporate countries such as the U.S., China and East African nations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTrying to please everyone means that you’re not going to please anyone and that perhaps will be the case for Southeast Asia,\u201d Yonsei University\u2019s Robertson said.<\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> analysis<\/span><\/a> last June, well before the Indo-Pacific Strategy\u2019s release, raised similar concerns that the broader Indo-Pacific focus would distract from Seoul’s Southeast Asia relations.<\/span><\/p>\n

The shift from Southeast Asia was evident at November\u2019s ASEAN summit when Yoon\u2019s most high-profile engagement was a <\/span>trilateral summit<\/span><\/a> with U.S. President Joe Biden and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida.<\/span><\/p>\n

The ROK\u2019s lack of clear stance is also reflected in its <\/span>vacillation between the U.S. and China<\/span><\/a> as competition grows between the countries in the Indo-Pacific region.<\/span><\/p>\n

China remains a complex subject for South Korea and Southeast Asia, as both rely heavily on Beijing for economic activity while sometimes finding themselves at odds with its regional politics.<\/span><\/p>\n

The strategy emphasizes Seoul\u2019s alliance with Washington based on \u201cuniversal values.\u201d But Seoul\u2019s careful avoidance of criticizing Beijing\u2019s human rights record or growing assertiveness in the region speaks to its complex relationship with its much larger neighbor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Robertson said that as a U.S. ally, South Korea might not be best placed to work with Southeast Asia to facilitate a regional balance regarding China. But it could make use of ASEAN\u2019s neutrality to advance its goals.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSouth Korea wants to use ASEAN\u2019s centrality and position as a neutral player to paint itself in a better light with China,\u201d he said. \u201cTo paint itself not as an alliance partner for the U.S., but as working with ASEAN to ameliorate any tensions between the two major players.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Hoo concurs, saying, \u201cIt’s only by forging a closer and stronger partnership with ASEAN countries that South Korea would have some breathing room or space to navigate these types of geopolitical uncertainties.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

U.S. President Joe Biden and Chinese leader Xi Jinping hold talks in Indonesia, Nov. 14, 2022 | Image: POTUS Twitter<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

FALLING SHORT ON \u2018VALUES-BASED\u2019 LEADERSHIP<\/b><\/p>\n

The new strategy emphasizes its foundations in democracy and the rule of law in line with the <\/span>three pillars of the U.N.<\/span><\/a>: peace and security, human rights and development.<\/span><\/p>\n

To this end, it pledges to \u201cactively promote and strengthen a regional order that is shaped not <\/span>by force or coercion, but by rules and universal values\u201d and expresses Seoul\u2019s opposition to \u201cunilateral change of status quo by force.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

However, this raises questions about how strong a leadership role the ROK wants to play in ensuring these values in Southeast Asia, where some leaders often restrict fundamental freedoms to maintain power.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe question what kind of values-based diplomacy South Korea is trying to pursue and whether it is in line with what Southeast Asian countries are interested in,\u201d UKM\u2019s Hoo said, citing Myanmar as an example.<\/span><\/p>\n

Under Moon, South Korea <\/span>suspended defense exchanges with Myanmar\u2019s military<\/span><\/a> after it seized power in a coup in Feb. 2021. Two years later, the junta government retains control despite ASEAN\u2019s attempts to make it adhere to a <\/span>much-criticized agreement<\/span><\/a> to restore democracy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhat South Korea can do right now would be something like asserting a rules-based international order to support ASEAN\u2019s solution to the crisis,\u201d Hoo said. \u201cBut other than that \u2026 there is a constraint as to what extent to start asserting pressure over the Myanmar military regime.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Robertson says that South Korea can do much more to address this situation but does not believe it will, as Seoul wants to position itself as a regional leader to get more from other countries, it is not willing to commit and show actual leadership in resolving regional issues.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSouth Korea has a position where it seeks to gain the benefit from what is outside Korea, but not necessarily get embroiled into the challenges of what is outside the Korean region,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n

Comparing the situation to Ukraine, where the ROK has <\/span>offered to help with reconstruction<\/span><\/a> but is not entering the conflict, he said, \u201cSouth Korea will be more than willing to help reconstruct because there’s money there, but it won\u2019t be willing to necessarily lead efforts to bring a close to the current situation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Although the Yoon administration\u2019s stated goal of expanding its scope to include other regional countries and blocs in its Indo-Pacific strategy might be justifiable in a shifting global political landscape, Yoon\u2019s focus on larger picture narratives, such as South Korea\u2019s participation in the G7 and closer alignment with Washington and Tokyo, does not bode well for ASEAN.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Unless carefully managed, Seoul might find itself undermining its interests in Southeast Asia and failing to emerge as a regional leader.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korea\u2019s inaugural Indo-Pacific Strategy lists Southeast Asia as a regional priority for Seoul, but experts fear a lack of specifics in the new policy could spread the ROK\u2019s priorities too thin and force it to lose traction in an increasingly competitive region.\u00a0 The strategy stresses that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2200465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[28],"yoast_head":"\nYoon\u2019s Southeast Asia approach continues old policies, but still lacks clarity - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/03\/yoons-southeast-asia-approach-continues-old-policies-but-still-lacks-clarity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yoon\u2019s Southeast Asia approach continues old policies, but still lacks clarity - 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