{"id":2200310,"date":"2023-03-02T19:27:06","date_gmt":"2023-03-02T10:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/?p=2200310"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:09:34","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:09:34","slug":"why-south-korea-is-grumbling-about-new-us-chip-restrictions-on-china","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/03\/why-south-korea-is-grumbling-about-new-us-chip-restrictions-on-china\/","title":{"rendered":"Why South Korea is grumbling about new US chip restrictions on China"},"content":{"rendered":"

New U.S. semiconductor restrictions aimed at curtailing Chinese competitiveness may undercut South Korea\u2019s biggest chipmakers.<\/span><\/p>\n

A new <\/span>requirement<\/span><\/a> that bars recipients of $53 billion in CHIPS Act subsidies from engaging in \u201ccertain significant transactions\u201d involving expanding chip manufacturing capacity in China, or \u201ccountries of concern,\u201d for 10 years is becoming a friction point between Seoul and Washington.<\/span><\/p>\n

While there is little concern about the two allies growing apart under the staunchly <\/span>pro-U.S.<\/span><\/a> Yoon administration, future South Korean governments may push back more strongly against Washington\u2019s semiconductor policies and make the ROK\u2019s <\/span>own chip industry<\/span><\/a> more autonomous.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

CHIPS ACT<\/b><\/p>\n

Proponents <\/span>initially described<\/span><\/a> the U.S. CHIPS and Science Act as a way to bolster the U.S. semiconductor industry and strengthen supply chains shaken by the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing semiconductor shortage. But the <\/span>guardrail provision<\/span><\/a>, which ensures no company can use the $39 billion CHIPS funds to \u201cundermine [U.S.] national security,\u201d is proving a sticking point.<\/span><\/p>\n

The provision stipulates that any company that receives CHIPS subsidies will have to return the total amount of the award they received if they knowingly engaged in \u201cany joint research or technology licensing effort with a foreign entity of concern that raises national security concerns.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

For ROK semiconductor companies like Samsung Electronics or SK Hynix, that could amount to billions of dollars.<\/span><\/p>\n

The law states further that companies that receive U.S. funding must agree not to expand semiconductor manufacturing capacity in \u201ccountries of concern\u201d for 10 years beginning when they receive funding.<\/span><\/p>\n

About <\/span>40%<\/span><\/a> of Samsung\u2019s NAND flash memory chips come from its Chinese facility in Xian, while SK Hynix produces 50% of its DRAM and 20 to 30% of its NAND flash memory chips in Wuxi and Dalian, respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n

In response to Seoul\u2019s concerns, the U.S. Commerce Department\u2019s <\/span>announcement<\/span><\/a> in October to restrict chip equipment exports to China contained a temporary general license (TGL) clause. It provided a temporary one-year-long relief to Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix \u201cto minimize the short-term impact on the semiconductor supply chain.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

But on Feb. 24, U.S. undersecretary of commerce for industry and security Alan Estevez <\/span>strongly hinted<\/span><\/a> that the U.S. would not extend that one-year relief period. He also said Washington would likely limit the level of advanced semiconductors produced by ROK companies in China after the one-year relief period ends.<\/span><\/p>\n

Under the measure, Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix would have to win approval from Washington item by item when they deliver chip equipment to their Chinese factories.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

A\u00a0semiconductor wafer\u00a0used in electronics for the making of integrated circuits on Sept. 24, 2009 | Image: Windell Oskay via Flickr<\/a> (CC BY 2.0<\/a>)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

BITTER PILL<\/b><\/p>\n

This has been a bitter pill for South Korean companies to swallow. Samsung Electronics invested <\/span>$7 billion<\/span><\/a> in its first semiconductor fabrication factory in Xian in 2014 and an additional <\/span>$15 billion<\/span><\/a> in its second facility in 2020. Meanwhile, SK Hynix acquired Intel Corp.\u2019s NAND memory chip business in Dalian for <\/span>$9 billion<\/span><\/a> in 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

ROK trade minister Lee Chang-yang has <\/span>expressed<\/span><\/a> concerns over the guardrail clause outlined by the U.S. Commerce Department and said ministry officials would consult with their U.S. counterparts to lobby for the ROK\u2019s interests.<\/span><\/p>\n

But if Washington refuses to extend temporary exemptions and begins to enforce its export controls, Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix face severe output disruptions if they must obtain U.S. licenses to manufacture every item in their Chinese facilities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

At that point, ROK companies will face two options. They could drastically cut investments in their Chinese facilities and reshore some of their equipment to South Korea, which may prompt some type of retaliatory action from Beijing. Or they could sell their fabrication facilities \u2014 most likely to their <\/span>Chinese competitors<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul views the choice that South Korean companies face as problematic because of ROK companies\u2019 earlier pledges to invest billions of dollars in the U.S.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samsung <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> in 2021 its plan to build a $17 billion semiconductor factory in Texas over three years to increase its manufacturing capacity and alleviate the global chip shortage. And it could construct <\/span>more factories<\/span><\/a> over the next 20 years.<\/span><\/p>\n

And SK Hynix <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> in August its plans to select a U.S. site for its advanced chip packaging plant and break ground there around the first quarter of this year. The company estimates the plant will cost \u201cseveral billions\u201d and begin mass production in 2025 or 2026.<\/span><\/p>\n

But the CHIPS Act presents more headaches for South Korean companies. Companies that receive U.S. funds must <\/span>submit<\/span><\/a> a detailed financial model for their proposed projects, including projected cash flows, internal rates of return and profitability metrics. Some South Korean experts <\/span>worry<\/span><\/a> that this requirement could force ROK companies to leak sensitive proprietary information and data inadvertently.<\/span><\/p>\n

The law also requires companies that receive more than $150 million in direct funding to <\/span>share a portion<\/span><\/a> of any cash flows or returns that exceed the applicant\u2019s projections above an established threshold with the U.S. government. It also commits businesses to use iron, steel and construction materials produced in the U.S.<\/span><\/p>\n

The buzzword among South Korean observers and analysts is \u201c<\/span>dilemma<\/span><\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

GROWING RESENTMENT<\/b><\/p>\n

The security alliance will remain ironclad as long as Biden and Yoon lead the U.S. and South Korea, respectively. But there are already signs of dissatisfaction in other areas of the relationship, fueled by a growing perception that South Korea has been given a raw deal.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to a <\/span>study<\/span><\/a> published by Seoul University\u2019s Institute for Peace and Unification Studies, South Koreans who say the country should strengthen cooperation with the U.S. fell from 45.7% in 2021 to 39.9% in 2022. Although the growth in the number who supported cooperation with China was negligible, the number of people who were neutral in supporting either the U.S. or China increased from 48.7% to 54% in that same period.<\/span><\/p>\n

As the U.S. forces the ROK to pick sides in its growing trade war with China, and South Koreans increasingly perceive that they are being squeezed in this contest, future South Korean governments could persuade or compel ROK companies to relocate their fabs to other countries where funding comes with fewer conditions. For instance, Vietnamese officials have <\/span>lobbied<\/span><\/a> Samsung to build a semiconductor factory in their country numerous times.<\/span><\/p>\n

If the U.S. does not show more flexibility in its export restrictions, its attempt to impede China\u2019s semiconductor industry could backfire and result in strained relations between Seoul and Washington.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by Arius Derr<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

New U.S. semiconductor restrictions aimed at curtailing Chinese competitiveness may undercut South Korea\u2019s biggest chipmakers. A new requirement that bars recipients of $53 billion in CHIPS Act subsidies from engaging in \u201ccertain significant transactions\u201d involving expanding chip manufacturing capacity in China, or \u201ccountries of concern,\u201d for 10 years is becoming a friction point between Seoul […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2200311,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,28],"class_list":["post-2200310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy South Korea is grumbling about new US chip restrictions on China - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/03\/why-south-korea-is-grumbling-about-new-us-chip-restrictions-on-china\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why South Korea is grumbling about new US chip restrictions on China - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"New U.S. semiconductor restrictions aimed at curtailing Chinese competitiveness may undercut South Korea\u2019s biggest chipmakers. 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