{"id":2200215,"date":"2023-02-22T09:41:51","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T09:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nknews.org\/koreapro\/?p=2200215"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:09:40","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:09:40","slug":"south-korea-faces-scrutiny-over-handling-of-cross-border-child-abductions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/02\/south-korea-faces-scrutiny-over-handling-of-cross-border-child-abductions\/","title":{"rendered":"South Korea faces scrutiny over handling of cross-border child abductions"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jay Sung, a father of a six-year-old child from Washington state, has been petitioning the South Korean government for a legal amendment. Several years ago, during mediation in his divorce proceedings, he agreed to let his soon-to-be ex-wife take their son on a three-week trip to South Korea, where her family resides.<\/span><\/p>\n

His lawyers assured him that protections were in place for his son\u2019s return since South Korea is a signatory to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of Child Abduction. The multilateral treaty seeks to protect children from being improperly removed to a third country by one parent and sets out a framework that signatory countries should follow to ensure the prompt return of children across international borders.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But that was four years ago, and Sung is still fighting to have his six-year-old son returned to him, not for the lack of trying. In the past four years, he has obtained multiple return orders from the Seoul Family Court, which has exclusive jurisdiction over international abduction cases, and the Supreme Court of Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sung told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i> that there had been a performance order and administrative fines totaling $8,400 (11 million won). His ex-wife was even sentenced to 15 days of detention. However, none of those sentences has compelled Sung\u2019s ex-wife to comply with the court\u2019s order to return their child.<\/span><\/p>\n

The case is but one of several that have drawn attention to South Korea\u2019s noncompliance with its treaty obligations, a problem that has drawn criticism from even the U.S. government. And as so-called international marriages between South Koreans and foreigners become more common, these cases raise serious human rights concerns and risk damaging the country\u2019s reputation abroad.<\/span><\/p>\n

WALKING BUT GETTING NOWHERE<\/b><\/p>\n

Sung is not the only person whose former Korean spouse has taken their child, only to have discovered that the Korean legal system cannot do anything about it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Court documents show John Sichi was granted sole legal and physical custody of his children by the Superior Court of San Francisco in Aug. 2020, and the same court reconfirmed this in October of that year. However, like Sung, Sichi\u2019s ex-wife took his children to South Korea, and he has not been able to see his children despite what the courts have said.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Seoul Family Court judge ordered Sichi\u2019s ex-wife to return his children in June 2021. She unsuccessfully appealed the case twice before the Supreme Court of Korea and was fined $3,800 (5 million won) and sentenced to 30 days of detention for her refusal to comply. However, she has still not complied with the court\u2019s orders.<\/span><\/p>\n

Frustrated with the inaction and lack of results concerning his case and hoping to spur public interest, Sichi began a one-person protest by <\/span>walking on a portable treadmill<\/span><\/a> at various locations in Seoul last November.<\/span><\/p>\n

Last week, the Seoul Family Court made an unprecedented decision, ordering Sichi\u2019s ex-wife to pay $380 (500,000 won) every day if she fails to comply with earlier orders to return their children.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Gavel, Feb. 11, 2020 | Image: Pexels<\/p><\/div>\n

PATTERN OF NONCOMPLIANCE<\/b><\/p>\n

Sung and Sichi are but two well-known examples of a growing problem. South Korea\u2019s noncompliance with the 1980 Hague Convention has become such a long-standing issue that it has resulted in the unusual step of U.S. officials publicly rebuking Seoul for failing to live up to its commitments.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Earlier this month, Michelle Bernier-Toth, the special adviser for children\u2019s issues in the U.S. Department of State\u2019s Bureau of Consular Affairs, <\/span>published<\/span><\/a> an op-ed in the <\/span>Joongang Ilbo<\/span><\/i> newspaper criticizing South Korea\u2019s noncompliance. The critique also came as another senior U.S. official was set to visit Seoul to <\/span>address<\/span><\/a> the \u201cprevention and resolution of the international child abduction cases.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The State Department also named South Korea in its Annual Report on International Child Abduction for its \u201c<\/span>pattern of noncompliance<\/span><\/a>\u201d for the first time last year. The report cited South Korea for failing to enforce return orders in abduction cases. It noted that <\/span>over 50%<\/span><\/a> of pending requests for the return of abducted children have gone unresolved for over 12 months.<\/span><\/p>\n

TREATIES WITH NO TEETH<\/b><\/p>\n

The ROK\u2019s Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs <\/span>began to consider<\/span><\/a> Korea\u2019s accession to the Hague Convention in 2009, given an increase in international marriages.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Seoul has not signed separate bilateral agreements with the non-signatory countries where most migrant wives come from, such as China, Vietnam, the Philippines and Cambodia. This could present future challenges as the number of foreign marriages rises.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As with similar multilateral treaties, no international authority has the mandate to enforce the convention or resolve individual abduction cases. Signatory states must designate a local central authority responsible for implementing the treaty. In South Korea\u2019s case, the Ministry of Justice is the designated central authority.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the justice ministry <\/span>does not have dedicated staff<\/span><\/a> who deal only with international child abductions and related issues, stymying enforcement.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although South Korea implemented the Hague Convention, a three-step package consisting of a performance order, administrative fines and a detention order are the only measures the court can take to enforce a judgment. If these measures fail, the only recourse is for the applicant to restart proceedings and apply again.<\/span><\/p>\n

Under the Implementation Act, police or bailiffs have no authority to enforce such orders and can only plead with a parent to relinquish the abducted child. They cannot take the abducted child by force.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

That means that if a Korean parent has taken their child to South Korea, then the non-Korean parent will have little legal recourse to have their child returned if the other parent is prepared and willing to face fines and detention time.<\/span><\/p>\n

REPUTATIONAL DAMAGE<\/b><\/p>\n

According to Seok Kwang-hyeon, a Seoul National University Law School jurist, the Korean drafting committee <\/span>considered that the package measures were sufficient<\/span><\/a> given that <\/span>Article 2<\/span><\/a> of the Hague Convention gives signatory states discretion to use whatever steps they deem appropriate for resolving cases most expeditiously.<\/span><\/p>\n

Even though performance orders that depend on the subject\u2019s voluntary compliance, nominal fines and short-term detention have been proven insufficient to resolve open cases, the wording of the Hague Convention gives Seoul the legal cover it needs to maintain the status quo. And as long as South Korean lawmakers do not have a personal stake in the issue, it is unlikely they will step forward to insist on change.<\/span><\/p>\n

But while there are no sanctions for noncompliance, the issue presents a reputational risk for South Korea and could undermine broader efforts to enhance consular cooperation. For instance, it could also make it harder for a Korean parent to bring their child to visit family in Korea if the child\u2019s other non-Korean parent objects. If the matter were brought to an American court, a judge would likely be presented with expert evidence advising that the child be retained in the U.S. given the difficulty or impossibility of guaranteeing their return.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile, yet another <\/span>petition<\/span><\/a> that calls on Korean officials to strengthen enforcement measures and legislate harsher penal sanctions against individuals who fail to comply with court-ordered return rulings is collecting signatures until Feb. 24 to be presented before the National Assembly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jay Sung, a father of a six-year-old child from Washington state, has been petitioning the South Korean government for a legal amendment. Several years ago, during mediation in his divorce proceedings, he agreed to let his soon-to-be ex-wife take their son on a three-week trip to South Korea, where her family resides. His lawyers assured […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2200217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[25,27,28],"class_list":["post-2200215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-culture-society","tag-domestic-politics","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nSouth Korea faces scrutiny over handling of cross-border child abductions - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/02\/south-korea-faces-scrutiny-over-handling-of-cross-border-child-abductions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"South Korea faces scrutiny over handling of cross-border child abductions - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jay Sung, a father of a six-year-old child from Washington state, has been petitioning the South Korean government for a legal amendment. 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