{"id":2200056,"date":"2023-02-14T10:09:36","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T10:09:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nknews.org\/koreapro\/?p=2200056"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:09:45","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:09:45","slug":"rok-firms-seek-nuclear-powered-ships-but-tech-poses-risks-to-alliance-with-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/02\/rok-firms-seek-nuclear-powered-ships-but-tech-poses-risks-to-alliance-with-us\/","title":{"rendered":"ROK firms seek nuclear-powered ships. But tech poses risks to alliance with US"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korea has come under heavy pressure to reduce carbon emissions as it relies <\/span>primarily<\/span><\/a> on shipping for its international trade. To address the issue, Seoul <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> the 2030 Green Ship-K Promotion Strategy in 2020 and passed the <\/span>Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth Act<\/span><\/a> in Sept. 2021, which mandates that the country achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.<\/span><\/p>\n

Part of the Yoon administration\u2019s strategy to reduce carbon emissions has been to increase the country\u2019s reliance on <\/span>nuclear energy<\/span><\/a>. ROK shipping firms have also embraced the technology, aiming to maintain their status as industry leaders for the foreseeable future.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

However, developing nuclear reactors for large ships also opens the door for military applications, which could complicate the ROK-U.S. alliance at a time when Seoul has openly floated the possibility of developing nuclear weapons.<\/span><\/p>\n

MINIATURIZED REACTORS<\/b><\/p>\n

Nine South Korean organizations, including local governments, shipbuilders and research institutes, <\/span>signed<\/span><\/a> a memorandum of understanding (MOU) on Feb. 9 to cooperate on developing ships powered by small modular reactors (SMR) and molten salt reactors (MSRs) suitable for use in ships.<\/span><\/p>\n

SMRs are <\/span>advanced nuclear reactors<\/span><\/a> that have about one-third of the generating capacity of traditional nuclear power reactors. Meanwhile, MSRs are a class of nuclear fission reactors in which a molten salt mixture serves as the primary nuclear reactor coolant and\/or the fuel, which is considered <\/span>safer<\/span><\/a> than the technology used in conventional reactors.<\/span><\/p>\n

Though not one of the nine signatories, Samsung Heavy Industries (SHI) <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> last month that it had completed the conceptual design for a compact molten salt reactor (CMSR) power barge, a floating nuclear power plant based on compact MSRs. SHI plans to commercialize the CMSR power barge by 2028.<\/span><\/p>\n

ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS<\/b><\/p>\n

Developing a functional SMR could have various benefits.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The most obvious advantage would be that the technology would reduce costs. Although initial investment and research will be capital-intensive, a working prototype will help to pay for itself as SMR-powered ships would not require frequent refueling like those running on diesel engines.<\/span><\/p>\n

Power plants based on SMRs may require refueling only <\/span>once every three to seven years<\/span><\/a>, while some SMRs are designed to operate for up to 30 years without refueling.<\/span><\/p>\n

Another related and vital benefit is that such ships are arguably better for the environment. Unlike diesel engines, which power <\/span>nearly all cargo ships<\/span><\/a>, SMRs do not emit carbon dioxide, making them one of the most effective ways to respond to climate change.<\/span><\/p>\n

North Gyeongsang Province Governor Lee Cheol-woo emphasized those benefits at the meeting on Feb. 9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNuclear power is the best energy source for responding to climate change and realizing carbon neutrality because there is no carbon emission during electricity production,\u201d he said, stating that his province will lead a \u201cnuclear power renaissance.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile, a working MSR would go a long way toward assuaging fears about possible accidents. Theoretically, an MSR\u2019s design would allow the molten salt fuel mixture to drain from the core to a containment vessel if problems arise. Once in the containment vessel, the fuel mixture will solidify, preventing serious accidents like the uncontrolled meltdowns in the <\/span>Fukushima nuclear disaster<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Shipbuilding, research institute, and government representatives sign a memorandum of understanding to develop small modular reactors, Feb. 9, 2023 | Image: Gyeongju City government<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

ALLIANCE RISKS<\/b><\/p>\n

Last May, the U.S. and South Korea <\/span>committed<\/span><\/a> to \u201cgreater nuclear energy collaboration and accelerating the development and global deployment of advanced reactors and small modular reactors,\u201d as well as to build a more resilient nuclear supply chain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since the two governments announced the agreement, South Korea\u2019s nuclear sector has been looking into developing advanced reactors with great interest. However, the dual development of SMRs and MSRs could complicate the ROK-U.S. alliance due to Seoul\u2019s military ambitions.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s desire to acquire nuclear-powered submarines dates back to the Roh Moo-hyun administration\u2019s <\/span>clandestine program<\/span><\/a>. This was derailed after classified information was leaked to the public a year after it began, which invited the International Atomic Energy Agency\u2019s (IAEA) scrutiny. Developing nuclear-powered submarines was also one of former President Moon Jae-in\u2019s <\/span>campaign pledges<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

President Yoon Suk-yeol has not pursued the development of nuclear-powered submarines. Instead, his administration has committed to strengthening <\/span>extended deterrence<\/span><\/a> via <\/span>joint-alliance air defense drills<\/span><\/a> and developing its <\/span>three-axis system<\/span><\/a>, which consists of Kill Chain, Korea Air and Missile Defense (KAMD) and Korea Massive Punishment and Retaliation (KMPR).<\/span><\/p>\n

However, that could change if North Korea successfully develops nuclear-powered submarines. Kim Jong Un <\/span>laid out<\/span><\/a> a five-year military development plan in 2021 in which he declared his intention to produce nuclear submarines, among other capabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n

A North Korean nuclear-powered submarine would significantly alter South Korea\u2019s defense calculus. It would tempt Seoul to utilize the SMR and MSR technologies to launch its own nuclear-powered submarine program, which could potentially violate a <\/span>treaty<\/span><\/a> with the U.S. that blocks the ROK from using nuclear materials for military purposes.<\/span><\/p>\n

But Yoon has <\/span>openly entertained<\/span><\/a> the idea of developing nuclear weapons if North Korean threats increase, a possibility that Washington has emphatically <\/span>ruled out<\/span><\/a>. Developing nuclear submarines could thus similarly strain relations between Seoul and Washington, as more South Koreans question whether the U.S. would defend the ROK in a conflict while it restrains its ally\u2019s ability to defend itself.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

While SMRs and MSRs promise economic and environmental benefits, they also potentially pose new challenges for IAEA safeguards on nonproliferation, and without those, South Korea\u2019s development of advanced reactors poses risks to the alliance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by Bryan Betts<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korea has come under heavy pressure to reduce carbon emissions as it relies primarily on shipping for its international trade. To address the issue, Seoul announced the 2030 Green Ship-K Promotion Strategy in 2020 and passed the Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth Act in Sept. 2021, which mandates that the country achieve carbon neutrality […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2200060,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,26,28],"class_list":["post-2200056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-defense-security","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nROK firms seek nuclear-powered ships. 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