{"id":2200048,"date":"2023-02-13T10:13:48","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T10:13:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nknews.org\/koreapro\/?p=2200048"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:09:46","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:09:46","slug":"how-interior-ministers-impeachment-could-worsen-south-koreas-partisan-divide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/02\/how-interior-ministers-impeachment-could-worsen-south-koreas-partisan-divide\/","title":{"rendered":"How interior minister\u2019s impeachment could worsen South Korea\u2019s partisan divide"},"content":{"rendered":"

The opposition-controlled National Assembly voted to <\/span>impeach<\/span><\/a> Interior Minister Lee Sang-min last week <\/span>over last year\u2019s <\/span>Itaewon crowd crush disaster<\/span><\/a>, marking the first impeachment of a Cabinet official.<\/span><\/p>\n

On Wednesday, the votes of 179 lawmakers from the main opposition Democratic Party (DP) and two minor opposition parties \u2014 the Justice Party and the Basic Income Party \u2014 passed the minimum threshold needed to <\/span>introduce<\/span><\/a> the impeachment motion to hold Lee accountable for what critics call the government\u2019s bungled response to the crowd crush disaster that led to the deaths of <\/span>159<\/span><\/a> people.<\/span><\/p>\n

Article 65 of the ROK Constitution<\/span><\/a> grants the National Assembly the right to impeach any government official, but caveats abound. Article 65, Section 1 declares that the National Assembly can impeach any official. Still, it specifies that those officials can only be impeached if they have \u201cviolated the Constitution or other Acts in the performance of official duties.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

It\u2019s far from clear whether Lee did in fact violate the constitution, and public opinion appears split. But regardless of whether the Supreme Court upholds the impeachment,\u00a0 South Korea\u2019s deeply divided partisan politics means the incident is likely to increase distrust and enmity between the two major political parties.<\/span><\/p>\n

THE STANDOFF<\/b><\/p>\n

The decision to remove Lee from office did not come as a surprise, as parliament initially passed a <\/span>motion<\/span><\/a> to dismiss him on Dec. 11. It was the second time the DP attempted to dismiss a member of Yoon\u2019s Cabinet. The DP passed a similar motion to <\/span>dismiss<\/span><\/a> Foreign Minister Park Jin in September over what it claimed was a disastrous overseas trip by President Yoon Suk-yeol when cameras purportedly caught Yoon insulting the U.S. Congress and President Joe Biden.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yoon ignored both motions. While the DP moved on from its attempts to sack Park, it has remained insistent that Lee be removed from office, culminating in impeachment proceedings.\u00a0 Immediately after the motion was passed, Lee was suspended from all ministerial duties and will remain so until the Constitutional Court has adjudicated within six months.<\/span><\/p>\n

Among the nine justices of the Constitutional Court, six must agree to rule in favor of impeachment to remove Lee from office permanently. Barring that, he will be reinstated.<\/span><\/p>\n

The presidential office and the ruling People Power Party (PPP) responded strongly to the impeachment motion.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIt is the renunciation of parliamentarism. It will be recorded as a shameful event in the history of parliamentary politics,\u201d Yoon\u2019s office told journalists.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

ROK Constitutional Court in session, Jan. 12, 2023 | Image: ROK Constitutional Court<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT<\/b><\/p>\n

It is unclear when the Constitutional Court will hear the case or how it will rule. The <\/span>justices will require proof that Lee Sang-min violated the Constitution or the law during the course of his duties. <\/span>Although the DP <\/span>argues<\/span><\/a> that Lee had violated the Disaster Act and the Civil Service Act and committed gross misconduct, its claims are debatable.<\/span><\/p>\n

On the day of the impeachment vote, Song Eon-seok, a senior PPP lawmaker, <\/span>demanded<\/span><\/a>, \u201cWhich part of the Constitution or law did Minister Lee violate?\u201d A special investigative unit that looked into the disaster asked prosecutors to <\/span>indict<\/span><\/a> 23 people. About half of those indicted were police officers whom the investigators accused of contributing to the victims’ deaths through negligence or fabricating\u200b or trying to destroy official documents that may include criminal evidence. No senior official was found to have been at fault.<\/span><\/p>\n

The DP likely hopes that the Constitutional Court will see things differently, as the court will likely skew toward progressive justices. The court <\/span>comprises<\/span><\/a> five progressive and four conservative justices. Two of the justices will soon retire \u2014 one progressive and one conservative \u2014 and their replacements will be nominated by the chief justice, a progressive jurist <\/span>appointed<\/span><\/a> by former President Moon Jae-in.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although <\/span>Article 111(2) of the ROK Constitution<\/span><\/a> states that the ROK president will appoint all nine justices of the court, Article 111(3) states that \u201c<\/span>among the justices referred to in paragraph (2), three shall be appointed from persons selected by the National Assembly and three appointed from persons nominated by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

However, even with the court veering toward the left, it does not ensure that the justices will rule in favor of the DP due to the limited scope of the justices\u2019 role.<\/span><\/p>\n

COURT OF PUBLIC OPINION<\/b><\/p>\n

The DP has taken a gamble by pushing for Lee\u2019s impeachment. In a <\/span>KBS<\/span><\/i> poll<\/span><\/a> conducted mid-January, public opinion was evenly divided about impeaching Lee. 48.7% believed that Lee should have resigned, while 45.7% took the opposite view.<\/span><\/p>\n

The poll demonstrated generational gaps in their perception of the case. More than 50% of those in their 20s, 30s and 70s did not support Lee\u2019s resignation. On the other hand, more than 60% of people in their 40s and 50s said that Lee should resign. Polls taken in <\/span>February<\/span><\/a> remained largely unchanged.<\/span><\/p>\n

That the majority of those in their 20s and 30s did not support impeaching Lee is interesting, given that most of the victims of the Itaewon disaster were in their 20s and 30s. Polls indicate that those in their 20s and 30s are the least likely demographic group to blame the disaster on Interior Minister Lee Sang-min.<\/span><\/p>\n

POLITICAL STRATAGEMS<\/b><\/p>\n

Given the lack of assurances of success, the DP has made a risky gamble by pushing for Lee\u2019s impeachment. If the court reinstates Lee, the DP will have expended precious political capital with little to show for it.<\/span><\/p>\n

That the DP still chose to take this course of action implies that it may have been an attempt to steer public opinion away from its embattled leader, <\/span>Lee Jae-myung<\/span><\/a>, who is at the center of various prosecutorial investigations, and unite the party against an external foe. As Lee Jae-myung appears to have been unable to rally everyone in the DP to his side, Lee Sang-min might have been a target too easy to pass up as he is known to be a close aide to President Yoon.<\/span><\/p>\n

The party\u2019s simultaneous <\/span>pledge<\/span><\/a> to launch an independent counsel investigation into allegations that first lady Kim Keon-hee was involved in manipulating Deutsch Motors\u2019s stock prices, despite a previous court ruling that acquitted the firm\u2019s financiers, appears to be part of this strategy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although the Constitutional Court is legally required to make a decision within six months, it will probably do it sooner. Until then, Lee Sang-min will remain suspended from his duties, and Vice Minister Han Chang-seop will serve in the interim.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the coming months, progressives will continue to press their case against Lee Sang-min and the first lady to maintain pressure on the Yoon administration. On the other hand, conservatives will zero in on Lee Jae-myung and tie his political and legal misfortunes to that of the DP. It appears unlikely that either side will seek detente any time soon.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The opposition-controlled National Assembly voted to impeach Interior Minister Lee Sang-min last week over last year\u2019s Itaewon crowd crush disaster, marking the first impeachment of a Cabinet official. 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