{"id":2200027,"date":"2023-02-10T09:31:16","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T09:31:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nknews.org\/koreapro\/?p=2200027"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:09:47","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:09:47","slug":"historic-court-ruling-forces-south-korea-to-face-its-dark-past-in-vietnam-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/02\/historic-court-ruling-forces-south-korea-to-face-its-dark-past-in-vietnam-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Historic court ruling forces South Korea to face its dark past in Vietnam War"},"content":{"rendered":"

A Seoul court recently ruled in favor of a survivor of a South Korean massacre during the Vietnam War, marking the first such victory for Vietnamese victims. But despite the issue’s sensitivity, it\u2019s unlikely to hamper flourishing relations between Seoul and Hanoi.<\/span><\/p>\n

On Tuesday, the Seoul Central District Court <\/span>ordered<\/span><\/a> the South Korean government to pay $23,900 (30 million won) in compensation to Nguyen Thi Thanh. According to Nguyen, then eight years old, a South Korean military unit opened fire on civilians and <\/span>killed<\/span><\/a> five of her family members in Phong Nhi village in Feb. 1968.<\/span><\/p>\n

A U.S. Army audit at the time <\/span>concluded<\/span><\/a> around 70 people died and 20 were wounded in Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat, supporting Nguyen\u2019s testimony.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cI think those souls can rest now, which makes me so happy,\u201d Nguyen <\/span>said<\/span><\/a> after the ruling.<\/span><\/p>\n

The South Korean government had <\/span>argued<\/span><\/a> that a trilateral agreement with Vietnam and the U.S. gave it immunity. It also <\/span>maintained<\/span><\/a> there was no clear evidence that the military was involved in the massacre, asserting that the Vietcong could have carried out the killings while wearing ROK marine uniforms.<\/span><\/p>\n

The defense ministry suggested it might try to <\/span>appeal<\/span><\/a> the ruling, stating it \u201cwill review follow-up steps after going through consultations with relevant agencies.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

SOUTH KOREA\u2019S WAR<\/b><\/p>\n

Throughout the war, South Korea sent more than 320,000 soldiers to Vietnam \u2014 the largest foreign deployment in its history and the second-largest foreign troop contribution to the war after the U.S. \u2014 in exchange for American aid.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s defense ministry and National Intelligence Agency (NIS) have blocked attempts to access documents relevant to the massacres, stifling attempts to investigate the matter thoroughly.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, available documents, including those from the U.S., suggest South Korean soldiers were responsible for <\/span>numerous killings<\/span><\/a>: around 9,000 Vietnamese civilians during the war.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despite the evidence, Vietnam doesn\u2019t press South Korea on the massacres.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hanoi\u2019s reluctance to bring up the issue with South Korea could be because the ROK is one of Vietnam\u2019s <\/span>largest sources<\/span><\/a> of foreign direct investment. The two countries aim to increase bilateral trade from $80.7 billion in 2021 to $100 billion in 2023 and $150 billion by 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to<\/span><\/a> Vietnamese villagers from an area where another massacre took place, South Korea has used this economic influence to cover up the past before.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thirty years after another massacre in Ha My village in 1968, a monument was built to commemorate the incident. But while the memorial initially had a poem describing the incident, Vietnamese officials issued orders to conceal it after South Korean diplomats complained, the villagers said.<\/span><\/p>\n

The villagers maintained that South Korea told Vietnam it would pay for a local hospital if the poem were covered up.<\/span><\/p>\n

But South Korean money is only part of the reason Vietnam doesn\u2019t push the issue more strongly, <\/span>Vu Minh Hoang<\/span><\/a>, a diplomatic historian of 20th-century Vietnam and the Asia-Pacific, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cooperation between the two countries \u201cgoes far beyond just Korean investment in Vietnam,\u201d he said. \u201cIt encompasses a burgeoning bilateral trade, direct aid and credit loans, cultural and educational exchanges and security and diplomatic cooperation on Vietnam’s core strategic interests, including the South China Sea dispute.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIn Dec. 2022, the two countries became Comprehensive Strategic Partners,\u201d he added. This is \u201cthe highest possible level of cooperative relationship that Vietnam grants to any country, a status it has hitherto saved only for major powers with which it has been traditionally close such as Russia, China and India.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

South Korea and Japan are discussing the issue of compensation for wartime forced laborers | Image: ROK Presidential Office (Nov. 11, 2022)<\/p><\/div>\n

COMPARISON WITH JAPAN<\/b><\/p>\n

Some also argued that South Korea\u2019s attitude toward Vietnamese wartime victims contrasts with its position on abuses committed under Japanese colonial rule between 1910 and 1945.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul and Tokyo are currently <\/span>discussing<\/span><\/a> the <\/span>issue<\/span><\/a> of compensation for wartime forced laborers. While Japan maintains that the two countries resolved this when they established diplomatic relations in 1965, the South Korean court ruled in the victims\u2019 favor in 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

There\u2019s also the issue of wartime sexual slavery. While South Korea and Japan <\/span>signed<\/span><\/a> an agreement on this in 2015, the previous Moon Jae-in government, which was critical of the deal, <\/span>shut down<\/span><\/a> a Japanese-funded foundation to support the victims.<\/span><\/p>\n

South Korea\u2019s left-leaning <\/span>Hankyoreh<\/span><\/i> newspaper drew parallels between the government\u2019s approach to historical issues with Japan and Vietnam. It said in an <\/span>editorial<\/span><\/a>, \u201cIf we demand apologies and compensation for these crimes from the Japanese government but remain silent on the horrors we have ourselves committed, we will never be free from criticisms of hypocrisy.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The <\/span>Seoul Shinmun<\/span><\/i> also <\/span>said<\/span><\/a>\u00a0the South Korean court\u2019s ruling contrasted with how the lawsuits of wartime labor victims were dismissed in Japan in the 1990s, praising the decision to compensate Nguyen.<\/span><\/p>\n

ALIGNED POLITICAL INTERESTS<\/b><\/p>\n

Some <\/span>media<\/span><\/a> outlets<\/span><\/a> have also suggested that Nguyen\u2019s historic win could facilitate more lawsuits from survivors of massacres.<\/span><\/p>\n

But \u201cthe recent trial deals with only one victim,\u201d Kyung-sin Park, a law professor at Korea University, told <\/span>Korea Pro<\/span><\/i>. \u201cWhether there can be more claims depends on the availability of evidence for other victims.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cRequirement of proof in court is more demanding than other contexts. I want to see the Truth and Reconciliation Commission take up this issue so that trials on other victims can be more simplified,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n

The historian Vu Minh Hoang also told <\/span>Korea Pro <\/span><\/i>that the ruling on Nguyen\u2019s case is unlikely to affect South Korea-Vietnam relations.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cUltimately, the ruling is mainly a moral victory, as the amount of the compensation is minuscule in economic terms for the Korean government and military,\u201d he said. \u201cThe two countries have far too many aligned interests to let such an issue derail cooperation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Seoul court recently ruled in favor of a survivor of a South Korean massacre during the Vietnam War, marking the first such victory for Vietnamese victims. But despite the issue’s sensitivity, it\u2019s unlikely to hamper flourishing relations between Seoul and Hanoi. On Tuesday, the Seoul Central District Court ordered the South Korean government to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5769,"featured_media":2200030,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[25,28],"class_list":["post-2200027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-culture-society","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nHistoric court ruling forces South Korea to face its dark past in Vietnam War - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/02\/historic-court-ruling-forces-south-korea-to-face-its-dark-past-in-vietnam-war\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Historic court ruling forces South Korea to face its dark past in Vietnam War - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Seoul court recently ruled in favor of a survivor of a South Korean massacre during the Vietnam War, marking the first such victory for Vietnamese victims. 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