{"id":2199897,"date":"2023-01-16T09:45:38","date_gmt":"2023-01-16T09:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nknews.org\/koreapro\/?p=2199897"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:10:21","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:10:21","slug":"why-the-us-and-south-korea-disagree-about-seouls-participation-in-the-quad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/01\/why-the-us-and-south-korea-disagree-about-seouls-participation-in-the-quad\/","title":{"rendered":"Why the US and South Korea disagree about Seoul\u2019s participation in the Quad"},"content":{"rendered":"

When the Yoon Suk-yeol administration released its \u201c<\/span>Strategy for a Free, Peaceful and Prosperous Indo-Pacific Region<\/span><\/a>\u201d last month, the document stated that Seoul would \u201cseek to gradually expand nodes of cooperation with the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad).\u201d Specifically, Seoul would start by cooperating on infectious disease, climate change and emerging technologies.<\/span><\/p>\n

President Yoon has <\/span>signaled<\/span><\/a> that he wants to join the Quad since taking office, but Washington <\/span>stated<\/span><\/a> flatly that the \u201cQuad will remain the Quad,\u201d and nothing suggests it has changed its mind since.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Simply put, the two \u201c<\/span>ironclad<\/span><\/a>\u201d allies end up on different sides of this question, and Seoul\u2019s misunderstandings about the purpose of the Quad and the complicated geopolitical dynamics surrounding India\u2019s inclusion are fundamentally to blame.<\/span><\/p>\n

BIPARTISAN NAIVETE<\/b><\/p>\n

While it\u2019s undeniable that South Korea seeks greater cooperation with the Quad, Seoul\u2019s reasons for wanting this have changed in line with the different worldviews of recent administrations.<\/span><\/p>\n

For ROK progressives, the chief value of engaging the group is related to their goal of improving relations with North Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Former President Moon Jae-in encapsulated progressives\u2019 hopes for the future in a 2019 <\/span>speech<\/span><\/a> when he said that a unified Korea would have \u201cstrong security capabilities in order to become a dignified sovereign state in the midst of the great powers.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This language implies that the future Korea that progressives hope for is a unified Korea that is defined by non-alignment between China, Russia, Japan and the U.S.: <\/span>no longer a shrimp<\/span><\/a> but strong and proud among the whales.<\/span><\/p>\n

In this future, some prominent <\/span>progressive<\/span><\/a> figures see China as the preferred partner. For instance, President Moon\u2019s special adviser on national security and foreign affairs <\/span>wrote in 2011<\/span><\/a>, \u201cOur future is with China \u2026 A triangular alliance that is \u2018anti-China\u2019 made up of South Korea, Japan and the U.S. cannot be the alternative.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Accordingly, the Moon administration viewed engagement with the so-called <\/span>Quad plus<\/span><\/a> as a means to <\/span>maneuver the U.S.<\/span><\/a> into conciliatory talks with Pyongyang. As progressives understand it, the U.S. is preoccupied with the desire to <\/span>maintain its \u201chegemony\u201d<\/span><\/a> by containing a rising China. So, the thinking goes, as the U.S.-ROK alliance is a valuable asset in that goal, the ROK should exploit that to \u201cencourage\u201d the U.S. to soften its stance toward the DPRK.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

At the same time, provided the ROK <\/span>doesn\u2019t go too far<\/span><\/a>, China will be indulgent toward Seoul\u2019s flirtation with the Quad because Beijing understands that it opposes the <\/span>U.S. and Japan\u2019s \u201chegemonic\u201d agenda<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

This view was naive. The U.S. sees the U.S.-ROK alliance as a two-way street, not something Washington should be grateful to Seoul for maintaining. As for China, the failure of Moon\u2019s \u201c<\/span>three nos<\/span><\/a>\u201d to do much to shift Beijing\u2019s attitude toward the THAAD deployment showed Beijing is determined to maintain the pressure no matter which side is in power in the ROK.<\/span><\/p>\n

ROK conservatives operate within a different, yet related, worldview. Progressives seek national prestige, prosperity and security through cooperation with the North. Conservatives pursue <\/span>much the same things<\/span><\/a> but with a more oppositional approach toward Pyongyang and, to a lesser degree, Beijing.<\/span><\/p>\n

Their impulse to join the Quad is the result of this orientation. Like progressives, Yoon and other conservatives <\/span>assumed<\/span><\/a> that the U.S. wanted the ROK in the Quad. While progressives held the promise of participation as a carrot to get American concessions toward the North, conservatives expect influence, prestige and corporate \u201c<\/span>overseas expansion<\/span><\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The conservative thought process goes that, in exchange for participating in the U.S.-led anti-China forum, the ROK gets recognized as a \u201c<\/span>global pivotal state<\/span><\/a>.\u201d The ROK also receives a share of export orders and investment subsidies as the U.S. corrals India\u2019s support and competes with China\u2019s Belt and Road Initiative in Southeast Asia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Then, as Yoon put it, China will \u201c<\/span>pay attention<\/span><\/a>\u201d to South Korea and give it more respect.<\/span><\/p>\n

This thinking is also naive. The Quad is not an American-led anti-China plot despite what China’s foreign ministry <\/span>insists<\/span><\/a>. It results from a common reaction to a shared sense of threat from China\u2019s growing power and pugnaciousness.<\/span><\/p>\n

CENTERED ON JAPAN-INDIA<\/b><\/p>\n

At its core, the Quad represents <\/span>Japan reaching out<\/span><\/a> to India for support in the face of growing Chinese pressure and India reaching back. Japan wants something India can uniquely give \u2014 support in countering China\u2019s efforts to isolate it.<\/span><\/p>\n

India also worries about being isolated in the face of <\/span>militarized pressure<\/span><\/a> along its disputed border with China, resulting in the loss of territory and many dead soldiers. And it wants Japan\u2019s help in boosting its economic and military power relative to China, which Japan is eager to provide.<\/span><\/p>\n

Everything else about the Quad is an optional extra. The U.S. does not need the group to strengthen its cooperation with either Japan or India. The inclusion of Australia signals that the Quad countries are serious in their support for each other despite China\u2019s opposition. But ties between Australia and the other members would be strengthening regardless.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

President Yoon Suk-yeol attends the NATO summit, June 29, 2022 | Image: ROK Presidential Office<\/a><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

THE AWKWARD FIFTH WHEEL<\/b><\/p>\n

Pushing for South Korea\u2019s inclusion in the Quad would be awkward for Washington. As a longtime U.S. ally that hosts thousands of American troops, there may be some truth to <\/span>the speculation<\/span><\/a> that the U.S. considers including the ROK in the Quad <\/span>too provocative<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Further, Seoul would subtract more value from the arrangement than it would bring, as it would take away from India\u2019s special cachet. From New Delhi\u2019s perspective, including the ROK \u2014 yet another U.S. ally \u2014 would make its participation seem like it is <\/span>selling out its autonomy<\/span><\/a>. For existing Quad member states, boosting India\u2019s commitment to the group is far more critical than raising South Korea\u2019s prestige.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul is also <\/span>habitually more timid<\/span><\/a> in the face of <\/span>Chinese pressure<\/span><\/a> than the existing Quad members. What\u2019s more, it is sometimes ambivalent about whether China <\/span>or Japan is the bigger threat<\/span><\/a>. As such, Korea\u2019s inclusion wouldn\u2019t add much to the group\u2019s <\/span>collective deterrence value<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

The ROK does offer some advantages, such as <\/span>arms sales<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>infrastructure, investment<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>supply chain resilience<\/span><\/a>. However, whether it has a seat at the Quad table or simply expands its engagement with the <\/span>Quad plus<\/span><\/a>, Seoul will provide those things. The best approach for Seoul would be to focus on developing substantive cooperation with Quad members individually and as a group.<\/span><\/p>\n

YOON\u2019S RISKY GAMBIT<\/b><\/p>\n

Yoon\u2019s Quad gambit isn\u2019t harmless. Most Koreans support the alliance with the U.S., so it made sense for Yoon to embrace the Quad to contrast himself with his predecessor. But in aiming for what he can\u2019t deliver in terms of joining the Quad, his <\/span>value-based foreign policy reorientation<\/span><\/a> could be tarnished even more than it already has by his <\/span>numerous other missteps<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

His instinct may be to push harder for Quad membership to try to achieve a win to help turn around his <\/span>rising but still low<\/span><\/a> opinion polls. But that will only compound the problem.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Quad will not extend a formal invitation to the ROK any time soon. That\u2019s fine, but building up expectations for one will only lead to disappointment.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Defense & Security<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a>Inter-Korean & Foreign Relations<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When the Yoon Suk-yeol administration released its \u201cStrategy for a Free, Peaceful and Prosperous Indo-Pacific Region\u201d last month, the document stated that Seoul would \u201cseek to gradually expand nodes of cooperation with the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad).\u201d Specifically, Seoul would start by cooperating on infectious disease, climate change and emerging technologies. President Yoon has signaled […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2199898,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[26,27,28],"class_list":["post-2199897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-defense-security","tag-domestic-politics","tag-inter-korean-foreign-relations"],"yoast_head":"\nWhy the US and South Korea disagree about Seoul\u2019s participation in the Quad - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2023\/01\/why-the-us-and-south-korea-disagree-about-seouls-participation-in-the-quad\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why the US and South Korea disagree about Seoul\u2019s participation in the Quad - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When the Yoon Suk-yeol administration released its \u201cStrategy for a Free, Peaceful and Prosperous Indo-Pacific Region\u201d last month, the document stated that Seoul would \u201cseek to gradually expand nodes of cooperation with the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad).\u201d Specifically, Seoul would start by cooperating on infectious disease, climate change and emerging technologies. 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