{"id":2199765,"date":"2022-12-22T09:46:56","date_gmt":"2022-12-22T09:46:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nknews.org\/koreapro\/?p=2199765"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:10:30","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:10:30","slug":"how-hate-and-prejudice-make-immigrants-think-twice-about-moving-to-south-korea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2022\/12\/how-hate-and-prejudice-make-immigrants-think-twice-about-moving-to-south-korea\/","title":{"rendered":"How hate and prejudice make immigrants think twice about moving to South Korea"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Korea is not a nation of immigrants. And would-be emigrants who wish to work and live outside their home countries hardly rush to settle in Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

This week, Statistics Korea announced that the number of immigrants, including naturalized citizens, residing in the country fell by <\/span>2%<\/span><\/a> in 2022 from the previous year. Korea\u2019s population is approximately 52 million and immigrants make up less than 2.6% of it, accounting for about 1.35 million.<\/span><\/p>\n

The COVID-19 pandemic has proved to be a setback for increasing the country\u2019s immigrant population. In 2021, the <\/span>migration rate<\/span><\/a>, including Koreans, fell to an overall negative level for the first time since 2006. The migration rate for foreigners was also down for the second consecutive year, with only the 10-29 age bracket showing a net increase.<\/span><\/p>\n

A reason for the overall decrease was Chinese nationals’ high rate of outgoing migration. Although improved from 2020, <\/span>22,000<\/span><\/a> more Chinese migrants left Korea (117,000) in 2021 than entered (95,000). Thailand, another critical source of migrants, also saw a <\/span>negative<\/span><\/a> migration rate, while Vietnam <\/span>flatlined<\/span><\/a>, with 17,000 leaving and entering.<\/span><\/p>\n

Before the pandemic, these three countries were the top three nationalities of newcomers to South Korea.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

THE GRASS IS NOT GREENER<\/b><\/p>\n

According to the most recent government statistics, most foreign residents in Korea work in the mining and manufacturing sector (<\/span>43.2%<\/span><\/a>), followed by wholesale, retail, lodging and restaurants (<\/span>19.2%<\/span><\/a>). The industries that grew in 2021 compared to the previous year were construction and agriculture (<\/span>19.4%<\/span><\/a>) and forestry and fisheries (<\/span>7.2%<\/span><\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n

Many migrant workers in these industries are engaged in low-skilled, low-wage occupations that young Koreans tend to avoid. The most significant issues these workers face relate to working conditions and discrimination.<\/span><\/p>\n

Employers do not guarantee safe dormitories for their workers. Temporary structures, like shipping containers, that lack proper heating and cooling systems are still <\/span>considered<\/span><\/a> legal dwellings for their accommodation. Migrant workers are also not legally allowed to <\/span>change<\/span><\/a> workplaces, which subordinates them to their employers.<\/span><\/p>\n

Other concerns include wage theft, withholding and minimal protection for illness and accidents.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marriage migrants, the majority of whom are women, often face communication barriers due to a lack of language skills, domestic conflicts over cultural differences and sometimes violence from patriarchal domination. The discrimination they face is <\/span>intersectional<\/span><\/a>, along the lines of gender, class and their status as foreigners.<\/span><\/p>\n

Finally, there are also overseas Koreans who have been encouraged by the Korean government to migrate at various times. Concentrated in southwest Seoul\u2019s Guro, Garibong and Daerim neighborhoods, the Joseonjok \u2014 ethnic Korean Chinese nationals \u2014 are one of the largest of these communities.<\/span><\/p>\n

The first wave <\/span>arrived<\/span><\/a> in 1992, following the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and South Korea. The Joseonjok migrated to northeast China\u2019s Jilin province during the Japanese occupation of Korea and many likely believed that returning to their ancestral homeland (and a richer country) would bring them a brighter financial future.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the Joseonjok have been frustrated by underpaid work and unstable jobs, as South Koreans often treat them as \u201cnot Korean enough.\u201d The Joseonjok often fall victim to <\/span>negative stereotypes<\/span><\/a> related to drugs, alcohol and violent crime, thanks partly to media portrayals.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Departures at Incheon Airport, Oct. 2013 | Image: Kristofer Palmvik via Flickr<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

HOSTILE NATIVES<\/b><\/p>\n

Support mechanisms and networks are critical for new migrants, facilitating their access to public services, healthcare, housing, banking and the justice system, as well as workshops and language classes. While agencies providing these types of support exist, they primarily exist in migrant enclaves across Seoul and Gyeonggi Province.<\/span><\/p>\n

Migrants also seek a sense of community, belonging and settlement assistance at places of religious worship. But <\/span>hateful protests<\/span><\/a> in Daegu against the construction of a mosque near Kyungpook National University, following a\u00a0<\/span>backlash<\/span><\/a> against the enrollment of Afghan refugee students in local schools earlier this year in nearby Ulsan, demonstrate that many immigrants are not welcome to practice their beliefs in South Korea.<\/span><\/p>\n

This past July, the Ministry of Justice released a work plan that it will follow under the new government. It emphasized strengthening the \u201crule of law\u201d for national growth and prosperity. Other than highlighting the October launch of region-specific visas for high-skilled foreigners to live and work in designated depopulated regions, it <\/span>declared<\/span><\/a> that the ministry will \u201cestablish immigration order through illegal immigrant management and strengthened border control.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Follow-through on this latter point resulted in the <\/span>exit<\/span><\/a> of 10,000 irregular migrants from Korea in the final quarter of 2022.\u00a0 Effective border security is essential, but it will not solve many of the structural issues Korea faces regarding immigration.<\/span><\/p>\n

REMEDIAL STEPS<\/b><\/p>\n

To its credit, Seoul <\/span>pledged<\/span><\/a> to strengthen human rights protections for foreign seasonal workers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Promised measures include the dispatch of \u201clanguage and communication helpers,\u201d a new three-step index to assess whether workers have had their rights violated and the revamp of an \u201c<\/span>early adaptation program<\/span><\/a>\u201d run by local governments to better meet the needs of workers arriving in Korea for the first time.<\/span><\/p>\n

The government also <\/span>announced<\/span><\/a> that it would establish a state-run agency to attract foreign workers to root out corruption involving third-party brokers. At the end of November, the Ministry of Justice officially <\/span>launched<\/span><\/a> a new \u201cPolicy Reform Division\u201d responsible for steering system-wide immigration reform.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, Korean society\u2019s <\/span>resistance<\/span><\/a> to immigrants and attempts to reform its immigration policy run deep. Even after a migrant farm worker froze to death last year after sleeping in a poorly heated, squalid shelter at a farm where she worked, government officials chose not to ban using shipping containers as shelters due to strong opposition from Korean farmers.<\/span><\/p>\n

It remains to be seen to what extent reforms will be realized. Right now, the Policy Reform Division is still focused on soliciting opinions from stakeholders and conducting its case-based analyses.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by John Lee<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Business & Economy<\/span><\/a>Culture & Society<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Korea is not a nation of immigrants. And would-be emigrants who wish to work and live outside their home countries hardly rush to settle in Korea. This week, Statistics Korea announced that the number of immigrants, including naturalized citizens, residing in the country fell by 2% in 2022 from the previous year. Korea\u2019s population […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10407,"featured_media":2199766,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[24,25],"class_list":["post-2199765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analysis","tag-business-economy","tag-culture-society"],"yoast_head":"\nHow hate and prejudice make immigrants think twice about moving to South Korea - KOREA PRO<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2022\/12\/how-hate-and-prejudice-make-immigrants-think-twice-about-moving-to-south-korea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How hate and prejudice make immigrants think twice about moving to South Korea - KOREA PRO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"South Korea is not a nation of immigrants. 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