{"id":2199310,"date":"2022-11-01T10:54:49","date_gmt":"2022-11-01T10:54:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nknews.org\/koreapro\/?p=2199310"},"modified":"2023-04-05T16:11:03","modified_gmt":"2023-04-05T07:11:03","slug":"why-yoon-suk-yeol-may-escape-blame-for-south-koreas-halloween-tragedy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/koreapro.org\/2022\/11\/why-yoon-suk-yeol-may-escape-blame-for-south-koreas-halloween-tragedy\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Yoon Suk-yeol may escape blame for South Korea\u2019s Halloween tragedy"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Itaewon crowd crush that killed over 150 people has left South Korea reeling. The president announced a national mourning period, and there will likely be multiple investigations that dominate public consciousness for months or even years from now.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a highly polarized society like South Korea, all eyes are on the Yoon administration and how it will proceed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

There are already signs of coming politicization. Nam Young-hee, vice president of the Democratic Party\u2019s (DP) <\/span>think tank<\/span><\/a>, said, “This accident occurred because of the Blue House relocation. Yoon should resign.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Another DP lawmaker, Ko Min-jung, said, “No government official has made a sincere apology. It is unbearable.\u201d DP leader Lee Jae-myung said, \u201cThe entire incident happened because of the government\u2019s incompetence.\u201d Left-leaning <\/span>media<\/span><\/a> have also <\/span>begun to promote<\/span><\/a> or at least <\/span>entertain the idea<\/span><\/a> that the Itaewon crush disaster was due to oversights from the Yoon administration.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

But it\u2019s not clear whether these attacks will stick. President Yoon responded to the crush quickly, convening an emergency meeting at midnight and immediately issuing a statement. While his interior minister was forced to walk back comments he made about whether more police would have helped that night, the administration has thus far avoided becoming the focal point of public outrage.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

At this time, it\u2019s difficult to point to one single factor that may have saved 156 lives that night. But a look back at other large-scale disasters in South Korea may prove instructive in understanding who will be blamed, who will fall on their sword, and what the government may or may not do in response.<\/span><\/p>\n

TRAGIC HISTORY<\/b><\/p>\n

Like any country, South Korea has experienced a number of tragic incidents over the decades. Some incidents remain vivid in the popular memory, while others have been largely forgotten.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In Oct. 1993, for example, a passenger ship sank off the west coast and <\/span>killed 292 people<\/span><\/a>. President Kim Young-sam fired the <\/span>transportation minister<\/span><\/a>, but the incident soon faded from memory and there were relatively few other repercussions.<\/span><\/p>\n

In April 1995, a gas explosion occurred during subway construction work in the southeast city of Daegu, killing 101, including some middle school students. But this incident failed to produce a national outcry or major consequences for the central government (though the president and prime minister at the time <\/span>issued a statement<\/span><\/a> of \u201cregret\u201d and an apology, respectively).<\/span><\/p>\n

Most of the criticism stayed at the municipal level, and the same would happen after a deadly arson incident on the Daegu subway 7 years later that killed nearly 200 people. The Daegu mayors kept their jobs after both disasters, and bereaved families and loved ones reached a settlement with the city.<\/span><\/p>\n

Political consequences were more severe for disasters in the capital. On Oct. 21, 1994, Seoul\u2019s Seongsu Bridge collapsed into the Han River during the morning rush hour, killing 32 and injuring another 17.<\/span><\/p>\n

The mayor of Seoul (at that time appointed by the president) was dismissed, and President Kim Young-sam delivered a televised apology to the nation. The opposition <\/span>introduced a motion<\/span><\/a> of no confidence for the <\/span>entire presidential cabinet<\/span><\/a>, but it was voted down at the National Assembly.<\/span><\/p>\n

The capital was rocked again the following year when the Sampoong Department Store collapsed on June 29, 1995, killing 502 people and injuring 937, to date the deadliest peacetime disaster in ROK history. The owner of Sampoong received a seven-and-a-half-year prison sentence and died shortly after his release, while municipal-level officials also received jail time.<\/span><\/p>\n

President Kim Young-sam issued a statement of condolences, but there was comparatively little political fallout at the executive level. Part of the reason may have been due to a major divide within the liberal camp caused by Kim Dae-jung\u2019s <\/span>return from retirement<\/span><\/a> and formation of a new political party, while conservatives were in recovery mode after <\/span>major defeats<\/span><\/a> at the polls in recent elections.<\/span><\/p>\n

The bridge and department store incidents had a palpable impact on the president’s approval rating, however. Kim had a stratospheric <\/span>90% approval rating<\/span><\/a> when he entered office in 1993, but this dropped to <\/span>some 30%<\/span><\/a> by the fall of 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Citizens tie ribbons with handwritten notes to offer condolences to the victims of the Serry ferry sinking in Seoul Plaza on May 7, 2014 | Image: Jeon Han via Republic of Korea Flickr<\/a> (CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a>)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

South Korea\u2019s most recent large-scale disaster before the Itaewon crush had massive political impact that altered the course of the Park Geun-hye presidency. On April 16, 2014, the Sewol ferry sank off the southwest coast of the peninsula, killing hundreds of high school students aboard for a field trip to Jeju Island.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is now widely understood that President Park <\/span>was very slow to do anything<\/span><\/a> in response to the tragedy, even as students remained trapped and the Sewol was going down. Just before the accident, the president’s approval rating <\/span>was 60%<\/span><\/a>, but in two months it <\/span>fell to 40%<\/span><\/a> and never recovered.<\/span><\/p>\n

In mid-May, President Park issued an apology and replaced a number of top officials. Local elections were held 50 days after the Sewol accident. Before Sewol, the ruling conservative party <\/span>was projected<\/span><\/a> to win big, but the Democrats ended up taking the majority of seats.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Sewol tragedy irreversibly destroyed Park\u2019s reputation and triggered a broader investigation that ultimately led to her impeachment two years later. The National Assembly explicitly mentioned \u201cresponsibility for [mishandling] the Sewol rescue\u201d in their impeachment documents filed Dec. 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

UNCLEAR FUTURE<\/b><\/p>\n

At this early stage, there is still much unknown about the Itaewon crush.<\/span><\/p>\n

New evidence may emerge in the coming days or weeks that unveil causal links in directions yet unclear and implicate Yoon more explicitly (such as the yet-unfounded claim that moving his presidential office less than a mile down the street from where the crush occurred sucked up resources that would otherwise have been dedicated to public safety).<\/span><\/p>\n

Interior minister Lee Sang-min may resign or be forced out after remarking less than 24 hours after the deadly surge, seemingly without evidence, that more police wouldn\u2019t have made a difference. The Democratic Party is likely to formally demand Lee\u2019s dismissal as it did for <\/span>foreign minister Park Jin<\/span><\/a> last month after a disastrous trip abroad for President Yoon.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seoul mayor Oh Se-hoon may be implicated as well, though thus far there are few calls for his resignation. He issued an apology along with national police chief Yoon Hee-keun and interior minister Lee on Tuesday.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the DP shows signs of taking a harder stance on the issue. According to press reports, the DP members claimed that after the end of the mourning period \u201c<\/span>officials who are responsible should be held responsible<\/span><\/a>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

But historical precedent suggests that the political fallout for South Korean leaders is highly variable, meaning Yoon may not ultimately face the same uproar as the last conservative president when Sewol happened.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Like the Daegu disasters, the fallout may be municipal and focused on Seoul\u2019s Yongsan district and local police. The Yongsan district office is already <\/span>under pressure<\/span><\/a> from <\/span>the public<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>media<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Public polling in the coming days may give an early glimpse of how much blame the public directs toward the executive.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edited by Arius Derr<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Culture & Society<\/span><\/a>Domestic Politics<\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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